大气浮力频率的时空变化及其影响因子

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分别将一日4次、日平均、月平均资料作为输入进行计算,分析了浮力频率在不同尺度下的时间变化及空间变化,发现浮力频率的分布与纬度和高度、海洋和陆地、山脉和地形分布等有关。一般认为,浮力频率取决于上下层的温度差。通过对其表达式的推演,指出浮力频率除了与上下层温度差有关外,也与气温本身有关,是两者的非线性函数。针对不同时间尺度及空间的采样样本,研究了气温和垂直温差在浮力频率时空变化中的相对重要性。结果表明,对浮力频率的某些时空变化,在一些区域,气温本身的变化也很重要,其影响甚至能超过上下层温度差的作用。     

大同5.5级地震前的电磁前兆信号

１９７６年唐山地震皮后，上地震引起的电磁信号异常现象开始引起人们的极大关注，我国相继建立了２００多个地震电磁波观测台，并且积累了许多震例资料。同时在国外也发表了一些相关的文章，但大多数文章仅涉及到震前一个台的异常信号或某个频段上的异常信号。     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗海勒斯台岩体的年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文报道了分布于兴蒙造山带东北部东乌珠穆沁旗海勒斯台岩体的岩石学、地球化学和年代学特征,以讨论该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造环境。岩石学研究表明,海勒斯台岩体岩性较为单一,主要为花岗斑岩。LA ICP MS锆石U Pb定年结果显示,海勒斯台花岗斑岩的年龄为4635±20Ma,表明其形成时代为中奥陶世。花岗斑岩具有富硅（7514％~7788％）、富碱（615％~792％）、低钛（015％~017％）和铝（1125％~1261‰）、贫钙（018％~125％）和镁（014％~031％）,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K及高场强元素Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Sr、Eu、P、Ti,中等亏损Ba、Nb、Ta等元素,10000Ga/Al值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量较高,属于A2型花岗岩。花岗斑岩的锆石饱和温度介于878~899℃之间,同时具有非常低的Sr和高Yb特征,指示岩石形成于低压高温的伸展构造背景,可能为减薄地壳的部分熔融。结合区域地质资料,认为该花岗斑岩可能形成于古亚洲洋沿着苏尼特左旗—锡林浩特一线向西伯利亚板块俯冲引起的陆缘弧后拉张环境。     

Late Neogene Mountain Building of Eastern Kunlun Orogen: Constrained by DEM Analysis

Topography, as a net result of the dynamic interaction between endogenesis and exogenesis, holds immense information on tectonic uplift, surface erosion and thus mountain building. The eastern Kunlun (昆仑) orogen, which experienced significant Late Neogene tectonic uplift and is located in an arid environment, is advantageous for morphotectonlc analysis based on well-preserved tectonic landforms. The digital elevation model (DEM) analysis was carried out for the central segment of the eastern Kunlun orogen based on shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) data. River longitudinal profile analysis indicates that major rivers across the orogen are characterized by high river gradient indexes and intensive tectonic uplift. Differential uplift was also identified in swath-topography analysis in the studied area, which can be divided into three major tectonic-geomorphic units by orogenicstrike-parallel faults. It is indicated that the most active region is located to the south of the Xidatan (西大滩) fault with significant differential uplift. Another identified fault with differential uplift is the Middle Kuninn fault; however, the timing of which is suggested to be much older than that of the Xidatan fault. These analyses are eoneordantly supported by both field survey and studies of thermochronology, which in turn indicates that the DEM analysis bears great potential in morphotectonic analysis.     

海陆分布对一次鲁东南大暴雨影响的数值试验

利用中尺度数值预报模式MM5V3及NCEP／DOE再分析资料,对山东省东南部沿海地区（简称鲁东南）2008年8月21日一次大暴雨天气过程进行了高分辨率（15km）的控制试验以及“填平海面”的敏感性试验。通过将模拟结果与常规观测资料的比较分析,表明：海陆分布对鲁东南地区降水有重要影响,“填平海面”可以使整个雨带明显偏移,降水强度明显变化。     

湛江东海岛二月海陆风环流特征研究

利用2011年2月湛江东海岛风廓线雷达资料,系统分析了湛江东海岛2月平均风场特征及海陆风特征,结果表明:2月湛江东海岛150 m高度处以东偏北出现频率最大,在E、ENE和NE三个方位的风向出现频率之和为66.6%,偏西七个方位的风向出现频率之和仅为1%。以SSW方位为界,偏东风与偏西风的出现频率差异明显。各整点的月平均风速1:00—15:00变化较小,均在1 m/s左右波动;15:00—20:00风速及风速波动都较大,最大值出现在16:00时,为2.1 m/s。2011年2月中只有2日与14日两日符合海陆风日条件,两日共同海风时段为13:00—20:00,持续7 h;陆风时段为2:00—7:00,持续5 h。海风平均风速为2.1 m/s,陆风平均风速为0.8 m/s,海风平均风速明显大于陆风风速。海风与陆风环流垂直高度相差甚小,约1.2 km,风速随高度变化趋势均为先增后减;海风最大风速出现在750 m高度处,陆风出现在500 m高度处,500～750 m高度区间海风环流强度明显强于陆风环流。2 km之上为均匀一致的系统性西风环流。     

Reexamination of the Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Size and Intensity over the Western North Pacific

This study reexamines the correlation between the size and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific from the perspective of individual TCs, rather than the previous large-sample framework mixing up all TC records. Statistics show that the positive size-intensity correlation based on individual TCs is relatively high. However, this correlation is obscured by mixing large samples. The weakened correlation based on all TC records is primarily due to the diversity in the size change relative to the same intensity change among TCs, which can be quantitatively measured by the linear regression coefficient (RC) of size against intensity. To further explore the factors that cause the variability in RCs that weakens the size-intensity correlation when considering all TC records, the TCs from 2001 to 2020 are classified into two groups according to their RC magnitudes, within which the high-RC TCs have a larger size expansion than the low-RC TCs given the same intensity change. Two key mechanisms responsible for the RC differences are proposed. First, the high-RC TCs are generally located at higher latitudes than the low-RC TCs, resulting in higher planetary vorticity and thus higher planetary angular momentum import at low levels. Second, the high-RC TCs are susceptible to stronger environmental vertical wind shear, leading to more prolific outer convection than the low-RC TCs. The positive feedback between outer diabatic heating and boundary layer inflow favors the inward import of absolute angular momentum in the outer region, thereby contributing to a larger size expansion in the high-RC TCs.     

Volcanism at the Permian-Triassic Boundary in South China and Its Effects on Mass Extinction

This paper discusses the clayrocks widespread at the Permian-Triassic boundary, which are mostly of volcanic origin. Volcanogenetic textures, structures and minerals such as high-temperature quartz are found in clayrocks at the Permian-Triassic boundary in many places. Thousands of microspherules have been collected from the Boundary clayrocks, many of which exhibit the typical features of the process from melting to cooling and solidification. indicating that they were formed by volcanic eruption or extraterrestrial impact. Volcanic effects on the Permian-Triassic mass extinction may be reflected in conodonts, algae and ammonoids. The Boundary clayrocks are found in many Permian-Triassic sections along the coast of Tethys. Their orighin remains to be studied.     

Late Quaternary river terrace sequences in the eastern Kunlun Range,northern Tibet: A combined record of climatic change and surface uplift

The Kunlun Range, a reactivated orogenic belt, constitutes the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The extreme relief and major landforms of the Kunlun Range are a product of late Cenozoic tectonics and erosion. However, well-developed late Quaternary terraces that occur along the northern slope of the Kunlun Range probably resulted from climatic change rather than surface uplift. The terrace sequences formed in thick Quaternary valley fills and have total incision depths of 50–60 m. Optically stimulated luminescence dating was employed to place time controls on the valley fills and associated terraces. Dating results suggest that periods of significant aggradation were synchronous between different rivers and correspond to the last glacial stage. The abrupt change from aggradation to incision occurred between 21.9 ± 2.7 and 16 ± 2.2 ka, coincident with the last glacial–interglacial transition. Additional terraces developed during the late glacial period and early to middle Holocene. Based on a broader set of chronological data in northern Tibet, at least four regional incision periods can be recognized. Chronological data, terrace elevation profiles, and climate proxy records suggest that these terracing periods were triggered by cool and/or wet climatic conditions. A geometric survey of the riverbed longitudinal profile suggests that surface uplift serves as a potential dynamic forcing for long-term incision. A model is proposed for terrace formation as a response to climatic perturbation in an uplifted mountain range.