Variation characteristics and influences of climate factors on aridity index and its association with AO and ENSO in northern China from 1961 to 2012

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Analyses of the variation characteristics for aridity index (AI) can further enhance the understanding of climate change and have effect on hydrology and...     

Elemental and isotopic signatures of particulate organic carbon in the Zengjiang River,southern China

Riverine total suspended sediment (TSS) at the lower reach section of the Zengjiang River, a low‐turbidity river in the southern China, was sampled on a 4‐week basis from March 2002 to February 2003. The gross TSS was divided into sedimentary and suspended fractions (SED and SUS) by the sedimentation method. Organic carbon and nitrogen, ¹⁴C and ¹³C were analysed using an elemental analyser and accelerator mass spectrometer respectively. The results show that particulate organic carbon (POC) yield is 0·8 × 10⁶ g km^?2 year^?1 in the Zengjiang River drainage basin, which is about one‐tenth of that in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River drainage basin. The C/N ratio demonstrates that aquatic biomass is the major contributor to POC in the Zengjiang River. The average share of aquatic biomass in the SUS‐fraction POC and SED‐fraction POC is about 88·89% and 62·76% respectively, with a substantial seasonal variation. δ¹³C values of SUS‐fraction POC (?26·56 to ? 22·89‰) is slightly lighter than that of SED‐fraction POC (?25·05 to ? 22·20‰), indicating that the contribution of aquatic biomass to δ¹³C values is more pronounced in the SUS‐fraction POC than in the SED‐fraction POC. The ‘bomb’–¹⁴C signature is not detected in the POC of Zengjiang River, and the contribution from geological organic carbon is very little. Δ¹⁴C values of the SED‐fraction POC vary from ? 44 to ? 223‰, and the Δ¹⁴C values of the SUS‐fraction POC vary from ? 33 to ? 165‰. For most paired samples, the SED‐fraction POC is generally more depleted in ¹⁴C than that of its counterpart SUS‐fraction POC. Compared with other small mountainous rivers, the ¹⁴C enrichment of POC in the Zengjiang River indicates slight drainage basin erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江口放射性核素Pu的大气湿沉降初步研究

利用东京^239,240Pu的年沉降和年降水数据,对长江口地区1957~2005年^239,240Pu 的年大气湿沉降通量进行研究。结果表明：长江口地区1957~2005年间^239,240Pu的大气湿沉降量在0.001 2~5.531 Bq/m²之间,累计湿沉降通量为34.556 Bq/m²;该地区Pu的大气湿沉降主要集中在1960 s;1960 s初频繁的大气核试验是造成^239,240Pu在1960 s沉降量较大的主要原因。长江口地区与东京地区^239,240Pu大气沉降变化基本一致,两地的大气湿沉降均在1963 年出现明显峰值。     

Reexamination of the Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Size and Intensity over the Western North Pacific

This study reexamines the correlation between the size and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific from the perspective of individual TCs, rather than the previous large-sample framework mixing up all TC records. Statistics show that the positive size-intensity correlation based on individual TCs is relatively high. However, this correlation is obscured by mixing large samples. The weakened correlation based on all TC records is primarily due to the diversity in the size change relative to the same intensity change among TCs, which can be quantitatively measured by the linear regression coefficient (RC) of size against intensity. To further explore the factors that cause the variability in RCs that weakens the size-intensity correlation when considering all TC records, the TCs from 2001 to 2020 are classified into two groups according to their RC magnitudes, within which the high-RC TCs have a larger size expansion than the low-RC TCs given the same intensity change. Two key mechanisms responsible for the RC differences are proposed. First, the high-RC TCs are generally located at higher latitudes than the low-RC TCs, resulting in higher planetary vorticity and thus higher planetary angular momentum import at low levels. Second, the high-RC TCs are susceptible to stronger environmental vertical wind shear, leading to more prolific outer convection than the low-RC TCs. The positive feedback between outer diabatic heating and boundary layer inflow favors the inward import of absolute angular momentum in the outer region, thereby contributing to a larger size expansion in the high-RC TCs.     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗海勒斯台岩体的年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文报道了分布于兴蒙造山带东北部东乌珠穆沁旗海勒斯台岩体的岩石学、地球化学和年代学特征,以讨论该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造环境。岩石学研究表明,海勒斯台岩体岩性较为单一,主要为花岗斑岩。LA ICP MS锆石U Pb定年结果显示,海勒斯台花岗斑岩的年龄为4635±20Ma,表明其形成时代为中奥陶世。花岗斑岩具有富硅（7514％~7788％）、富碱（615％~792％）、低钛（015％~017％）和铝（1125％~1261‰）、贫钙（018％~125％）和镁（014％~031％）,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K及高场强元素Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Sr、Eu、P、Ti,中等亏损Ba、Nb、Ta等元素,10000Ga/Al值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量较高,属于A2型花岗岩。花岗斑岩的锆石饱和温度介于878~899℃之间,同时具有非常低的Sr和高Yb特征,指示岩石形成于低压高温的伸展构造背景,可能为减薄地壳的部分熔融。结合区域地质资料,认为该花岗斑岩可能形成于古亚洲洋沿着苏尼特左旗—锡林浩特一线向西伯利亚板块俯冲引起的陆缘弧后拉张环境。     

基于GF-1卫星的突发性地质灾害调查与评价——以内蒙古大兴安岭山地为例

运用GF-1卫星影像数据进行内蒙古大兴安岭山地南段地质灾害调查对于科学防治地质灾害,提高国产卫星应用水平具有重要意义.通过分别对研究区的全色和多光谱影像利用P5的DEM高程数据及控制点进行有理函数的区域网整体平差,保证不同景影像间的一致性,得到精化后的影像RPC参数;对经过区域网平差的全色影像和多光谱影像利用精化后的有理多项式及DEM进行正射校正;将校正后的全色影像和多光谱影像利用HPF方法进行融合,然后对处理后的影像进行地质灾害解译,进而评价危害范围及程度.研究结果表明,GF-1数据的融合影像对突发性灾害体的微地貌形态反映较明显,能够用于识别突发性地质灾害体的位置、边界范围等特征信息.     

西北太平洋上热带气旋尺度变化率与其尺度和强度的关系

为了进一步了解热带气旋(TC)尺度变化与其结构的相关关系,本文基于多平台热带气旋表面风场资料,通过相关分析得出西北太平洋上TC的24 h尺度变化率(SCR)与其尺度,强度以及强度变化率(ICR)的相关系数分别为-0.43,-0.12,0.25.其中SCR-ICR的相关关系主要受不同发展阶段的影响,在TC均达到/均未达到...     

大气浮力频率的时空变化及其影响因子

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分别将一日4次、日平均、月平均资料作为输入进行计算,分析了浮力频率在不同尺度下的时间变化及空间变化,发现浮力频率的分布与纬度和高度、海洋和陆地、山脉和地形分布等有关。一般认为,浮力频率取决于上下层的温度差。通过对其表达式的推演,指出浮力频率除了与上下层温度差有关外,也与气温本身有关,是两者的非线性函数。针对不同时间尺度及空间的采样样本,研究了气温和垂直温差在浮力频率时空变化中的相对重要性。结果表明,对浮力频率的某些时空变化,在一些区域,气温本身的变化也很重要,其影响甚至能超过上下层温度差的作用。     

感受与启示

1953年的一个下午, 赵九章所长来到南京鸡鸣寺地球物理所做出国考察报告, 是我首次见到这位学识渊博的知名科学家. 晚饭后第一届地震班班主任行知带领我们几位班委到会议室与赵所长见面, 班主任作了简单介绍和汇报后, 赵所长便以关心和鼓励的口气详细询问了同学们的学习、生活和思想情况. 他说: 你们都是从黄河流域各省调来的优秀干部, 第一次走进科学院的大门, 各方面都有些不习惯, 过一段就好了. 他接着说: 第一个五年计划, 要加快黄河流域的基本建设, 政务院会议上各部委都提出要解决地震烈度问题, 你们这些同学就是为完成这个任务调来学习的, 任务很光荣也很重要. 中国科学院是全国的最高学府, 进这个门是很不容易的, 一定要有很高的学识, 你们一定要珍惜这个机会, 抓紧时间努力学习.     

青藏高原东北缘循化盆地中中新世—早上新世黏土矿物及其古气候意义

青藏高原东北缘古气候可能受控于全球变冷、青藏高原隆升及局地地形变化的影响。为解析气候演化过程及驱动因素,本文以青藏高原东北缘循化盆地西沟剖面作为研究对象,在已有古地磁年龄约束基础上,分析了中中新世—早上新世沉积物中黏土矿物的组成和微观形貌特征。结果表明,西沟剖面沉积物中黏土矿物主要由伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石组成,其中伊利石含量最高,平均为59. 3％;蒙脱石次之,平均为18. 2％,绿泥石平均含量为12. 3％,高岭石平均含量为10. 2％。根据剖面中黏土矿物含量和比值的变化特征,结合循化盆地西沟剖面的沉积速率、孢粉记录、有机质碳同位素和沉积岩地球化学比值,并与深海氧同位素值（δ18O）变化曲线对比,将循化盆地14. 6~5. 0 Ma气候环境演化划分为3个阶段：14. 6~12. 7 Ma,气候干冷期,与北半球冰盖扩展引发的全球性降温事件有关;12. 7~8. 0 Ma,气候相对温暖湿润期,可能与循化盆地周围山体隆升有关,即积石山在~12. 7 Ma隆升至临界高度,成为西风带输送水汽的地形屏障,使得循化盆地内的降水增强;8. 0~5. 0 Ma,气候再次转向干冷期,该阶段气候的干旱化对应于青藏高原在8 Ma左右的快速隆升,高原进一步的隆升阻碍东亚季风西风带的暖湿气流向内陆的输送,从而引起区域干旱化。