剑川-兰坪盆地古近纪沉积-构造变革及其区域构造意义

滇西新生代兰坪盆地和剑川盆地分别位于哀牢山–红河断裂带两侧,青藏高原东构造结内,其沉积过程和构造变形对青藏高原东南缘的构造演化有重要的启示意义。通过对这两个盆地古近纪沉积和构造过程的研究,我们发现兰坪盆地和剑川盆地及邻区的构造变形分为三期:始新世早期的强烈挤压变形、始新世中晚期的伸展变形、渐新世的走滑变形。始新世早期的挤压变形主要表现为兰坪地区的褶皱–冲断系统、哀牢山-红河断裂的逆冲活动和剑川盆地的宽缓褶皱。沉积方面,古新统勐野井组(E_1m)较为稳定的细粒滨湖相沉积转变为始新统宝相寺组(E_2b)较粗的具有前陆盆地性质的河流相沉积,特别是宝相寺组底部发育的一套快速堆积的磨拉石建造,可能是对始新世强烈挤压环境下的沉积响应。始新世中晚期伸展变形体现在盆地的构造环境由早期的挤压环境变为伸展环境和该时期大量富钾岩体和岩脉的侵入,沉积学上,下始新统宝相寺组的河流相转变为中始新统金丝厂组(E_2j)具有快速堆积磨拉石特征的曲流河沉积,极可能是对构造体制变革的沉积响应。渐新世的走滑变形则体现在渐新统的缺失和哀牢山–红河断裂的早期左行走滑。因此,我们认为剑川–兰坪地区在始新世中期和渐新世均发生了显著的运动学转换,这一认识也得到了始新世中期兰坪和剑川盆地物源明显变化的支持。结合青藏高原东南部始新世中晚期岩浆的活动,渐新世大型剪切带(崇山剪切带、高黎贡剪切带)的强烈走滑和保山块体的旋转,我们推测青藏高原东南缘古近纪的构造演化为古新世-始新世早期的挤压、始新世中晚期的伸展、渐新世的转换压缩。     

四川盆地农业区河流型水库流域地下水硝酸盐来源解析及健康风险研究

地下水硝酸盐(NO₃^-)污染是一个全球性的环境问题,尤其在农业区普遍存在。地下水中NO₃^-可以通过交互作用进入地表水中,是地表水NO₃^-的潜在来源。研究地下水中NO₃^-的来源及其贡献率对防治周边地表水NO₃^-污染具有重要意义。本研究以四川盆地农业区河流型水库周边地下水为研究对象,综合运用水文地球化学、多种稳定同位素(δD-H₂O和δ¹⁸O-H₂O,δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-)、贝叶斯同位素混合模型(SIAR)和人类健康风险评价(HHRA)解析地下水中NO₃^-的来源与转化过程、不同NO₃^-来源的贡献率及潜在的人类健康风险。结果表明:丰、枯水期地下水中NO₃^--N浓度分别为1.24~42.91和0~42.96 mg/L,61%和40%的地下水样品超过了饮用水限值(10 mg/L)。δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-表明,研究区地下水中NO₃^-的主要来源为粪肥/生活污水。硝化作用可能是研究区地下水中重要的氮循环过程,存在加剧地下水NO₃^-污染的风险。SIAR模型得出丰、枯水期地下水中NO₃^-的主要来源为粪肥/生活污水,贡献率分别为50%和38%。HHRA表明长期饮用研究区NO₃^-浓度较高的地下水对人类健康具有潜在风险。     

微量样品的AMS14C年代测量

微量样品的AMS14C年代测量具有十分重要的意义，特别是对于一些珍贵的考古样品或含C量极少的地质样品尤其如此。近两年来，北京大学AMS研究小区对系统和测量方法进行了一系列的研究和改进工作，包括改进制样流程、提高离子源样品利用率、优化整个束线的传输和改进数据获取与处理系统。已尤其地测量了一系列小于100μg的微量样品     

黄淮地区一次冷锋暴雨天气过程的预报分析

利用常规天气图、地面加密资料、数值预报产品、卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2007年7月18-19日出现在黄淮地区的暴雨天气过程进行了综合分析.结果表明:暴雨是高空西风槽、冷锋和副热带高压边缘强盛的西南暖湿急流共同作用产生的;强降水产生在地面中尺度辐合线附近.在高层干冷、低层暖湿的大气不稳定条件下,地面冷空气的侵入触发了不稳定能量的释放,同时低层辐合、高空辐散的高低空配置,引发了强降水的产生.卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料在暴雨临近预报中起着重要作用.     

The Sedimentary Record in Northern Qaidam Basin and its Response to the Uplift of the South Qilian Mountain at around 30 Ma

The thick, Eocene to Pliocene, sedimentary sequence in Qaidam Basin at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau records the surface uplift history of the northeastern Tibetan plateau. In this study, we present detailed geochemistry, heavy mineral, and clay mineralogy data of the well preserved sedimentary record in the Dahongou section in the northeast of the Qaidam Basin. The results suggest that the sedimentary sequence recorded a 30 Ma young uplift/unroofing event in the northern edge of the Qaidam Basin, which is characterized by high ZTR index value and chlorite content, and low CIW`. The results are consistent with previous sedimentological studies of the Qaidam Basin, which indicated rapid increase of the accumulation rates around 30 Ma. Based on past thermochronological data from the mountains around the Qaidam Basin and the accumulation rates of the Cenozoic basins in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we infer a regional uplift and denudation event along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during early Oligocene (～30 Ma), indicating that the Tibetan Plateau had expanded north-eastward of the study area at that time.     

陕西省岩房湾铅锌矿成矿流体与地球化学特征

岩房湾铅锌矿位于陕西省太白县境内。文章通过矿床的成矿流体及地球化学特征研究,对比同属于风太矿田的八方山—二里河、铅硐山、银母寺等大型铅锌矿,认为岩房湾铅锌矿床成矿流体为中-低盐度、中-低温、含有CO2,N2,CH4等气体的还原性流体体系,并显示出热卤水成因特点。流体包裹体主要包括水溶液包裹体、CO2-H2O-NaCl包裹体、纯CO2包裹体3种类型,为不混溶包裹体群,均一温度高于八方山—二里河等铅锌矿,可能与西坝岩体的侵入有关。氢、氧同位素特征显示成矿流体为岩浆水与变质水的混合,碳、氧同位素特征显示成矿过程中碳质来源于泥盆纪正常海相碳酸盐岩,铅同位素特征显示出造山带与上地壳混合来源的特点。岩房湾铅锌矿成矿流体和同位素特征与同区大型SEDEX型铅锌矿存在着一些差异,不宜笼统将其与同区热水沉积成因大型铅锌矿床归为同一类型。     

气象资料的统计降尺度方法综述

统计降尺度是解决由气象模式输出的低分辨率资料到流域尺度资料转换的手段之一,已成为一个重要的研究领域。统计降尺度方法十分丰富,分为传递函数法、天气形势法和天气发生器3类,3类之间并无严格的界限。统计降尺度涉及到时间与空间降尺度、随机型与确定型降尺度、时间自相关与空间相关性以及面向格点与面向站点的降尺度这4个方面的属性与分...     

Multifractal analysis of 1-min summer rainfall time series from a monsoonal watershed in eastern China

Multifractal analysis can provide parameters associated with different scales of rainfall, which may be useful for setting up parsimonious downscaling models of rainfall, or for revealing climate-specific properties. Time series of rain rate with 1-min resolution collected from ten stations over a monsoon watershed in eastern China were used to study the multifractal properties. The power spectra estimated by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and discrete Haar wavelet transform (DWT) showed three scaling regimes: the sub-hourly scaling regime with β?≈?1.2, the scaling regime from 1 h to 1 day with β close to 0.6, and the low-frequency spectra plateau with β?≈?0.1. From the hyperbolic tails of exceeding probability distributions, the estimated values of parameter q _c are in 2–2.5, which were consistent with the critical order of K(q) curves. The statistical moments display two main scaling regimes: the high-frequency regime from 3 min to 5 days and the scaling regime beyond 5 days. The scales of 5–10 days seem a transitional regime. The reason that the regimes, revealed by the power spectra, disagree with the statistical moments may be that both FFT and DWT power spectra have limited abilities of analyzing low-frequency scaling but are sensitive to the properties in high-frequency scales. The H values estimated for the regime of sub-hourly scales are larger than 0.4, and the values for the regime 1 h–1 day are close to 0.1. For the low-frequency scales beyond 1 day, negative H is obtained by DWT power spectra. The parameters of universal multifractal models were also estimated. The values of α for the scaling range of 1 min–5 days are 0.486?±?0.047, and for the low-frequency scaling range, its values are 0.808?±?0.323. For the high- and low-frequency scaling ranges, the values of C ₁ are 0.5 and 0.169, respectively, which is different from the values for daily rainfall series collected at the same rain gages.     

江苏省煤炭资源保障程度及勘查研究

通过对江苏省煤炭需求和资源保障程度的分析,对省内资源潜力进行了预测评价,提出了煤炭资源勘查近期和中长期勘查部署方案。建议将赋有优等资源的徐沛区作为下一步工作重点区域,尤其是资源量较多的区域,更应优先考虑;苏南区预测储量有限,且分布零散,含煤性差,近期可不考虑投入工作,已有的工作成果可作为中长期远景规划的依据。     

Environmental evolution recorded by lipid biomarkers from the Tawan loess–paleosol sequences on the west Chinese Loess Plateau during the late Pleistocene

This study provides a reconstruction of the environmental evolution since 128 ka recorded by the lipid biomarkers of the C₁₅–C₃₅ n-alkanes, the C₁₃–C₃₃ n-alkan-2-ones and the C₁₂–C₃₀ n-alkanols isolated from the Tawan loess section, Northwest China. Variations in paleoenvironment are reconstructed from the values of the carbon preference index (CPI), the average chain length (ACL), the L/H (ratio of lower-molecular-weight to higher-molecular-weight homologues), the n-alkane C₂₇/C₃₁ ratios, and the n-alkan-2-one C₂₇/C₃₁ ratio. These parameters indicate the dominance of grasses over the west Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) during the late Pleistocene. Lower values of the CPI and the ACL values, respectively, indicate stronger microbial reworking of organic matter and changes in plant species, which are both indicative of a warmer-wetter environment. Furthermore, the fluctuations of environment recorded in the Tawan section exhibit ten phases that show obvious cycles between warm periods and cold intervals. This study reveals that changes in the biomarker proxies agree well with changes in the magnetic susceptibility and grain size, and it indicates a huge potential for paleoenvironmental reconstructions by using the n-alkan-2-one and n-alkanol proxies.