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71.
S.?Kobayashi Aierken Sidike N.?YamashitaEmail author 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2012,39(6):465-470
Chabazite-Ca deposited on dacite laccolith from Osódi Hill, Dunabogdány, Hungary, exhibited bluish-white luminescence under
ultraviolet (UV) light. The photoluminescence (PL) and optical excitation spectra of chabazite-Ca were obtained at 300 K.
The PL spectrum under 300-nm excitation consists of (1) a Ce3+ band with a peak at 340 nm, (2) a broad main band with a peak at 453 nm and (3) five narrow bands at 592, 616, 650, 700 and
734 nm due to Eu3+. The main band is spread over the entire visible-wavelength region. The excitation spectrum obtained by monitoring green
luminescence at 520 nm consists of a band at wavelengths shorter than 200 nm and an extremely broad band with a peak at 385 nm.
The extremely broad band is spread over not only the UV region but also the blue region. The features of PL and excitation
spectra suggest that the origin of bluish-white luminescence is luminescent organic matter incorporated into chabazite-Ca
crystals during growth. 相似文献
72.
Federica?SchiaviEmail author Katsura?Kobayashi Eizo?Nakamura Massimo?Tiepolo Riccardo?Vannucci 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2012,163(6):1011-1031
We studied the elemental and isotopic (Pb, B and Li isotopes) composition of melt inclusions hosted in highly forsteritic (Fo83–91) olivines that were collected from San Bartolo lava and pumice (ST79p, ST82p and ST531p) samples erupted by Stromboli in historical times. The studied melt inclusions have primitive calcalkaline to shoshonitic basaltic compositions. They cover a compositional range far wider than that exhibited by the whole-rocks and differ in key trace element ratios. San Bartolo melt inclusions are characterized by lower incompatible trace element abundances, higher ratios between fluid-mobile (B, Pb, U and LILE) and less fluid-mobile (REE, Th, HFSE) elements and lower La/Yb ratios relative to the pumice-hosted melt inclusions and pumiceous melts erupted during paroxysmal events. Trace elements, along with different Pb, B and Li isotopic signatures, attest to source heterogeneity on the small scale and provide new insights into subducted components beneath Stromboli. Results of a mixing model suggest that metasomatism of the mantle source of pumice-hosted melt inclusions was driven by solute-rich high-pressure fluids (<20%) expelled from the deep portion of the slab. Heterogeneous Pb isotopic composition together with light δ11B (−8.6 to −13.7‰) and δ7Li (+2.3 to −1.7‰) indicates that high-pressure liquids were released in variable proportions from highly dehydrated metabasalts and metasediments. On the other hand, the elemental and isotopic (δ11B ~ −1.9 to −5.9‰) composition of San Bartolo melt inclusions is better explained by the addition of a prevalent aqueous component (~2 to 4%) escaped at shallower depths from sediments and altered basaltic crust in almost equivalent proportions, with a smaller contribution by high-pressure fluids. Owing to the high-angle dip of the subducted cold Ionian slab, aqueous fluids and high-pressure fluids would rise through the mantle wedge and locally superimpose on each other, thus giving origin to variously metasomatized mantle domains. 相似文献
73.
Audrey Kobayashi 《New Zealand geographer》2009,65(1):59-72
Abstract: An antiracist rally in Christchurch, New Zealand in May 2004 was organized by Asian immigrants to protest and advocate for an end to everyday racism in their dealings with long settled New Zealanders, but public debate focused not on the experiences of recent migrants but on the question of whether Christchurch is racist. A discursive crisis, indicated by heavy media coverage in the weeks immediately before and after the event, is characterized by discourses of denial, affront and whiteness that indicate the social context in which racialization occurs. Such discourses are similar to those of 'new racism' in other immigrant societies. 相似文献
74.
Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) has been used worldwide in marine antifouling paints as a biocide for some time. However, it produced toxic effects, especially in marine water/sediment ecosystems. Consequently, its use in antifouling paints has been prohibited in many countries. In this study, the toxicity of alternative and/or new antifouling biocides compared with TBTO is assessed by a biological method. The effects of these chemicals on marine species have not been well studied. This paper assesses, comparatively, the effects of eight biocides on sea urchin eggs and embryos. The chemicals assessed were TBTO, Irgarol 1051, M1 (the persistent degradation product of Irgarol), Diuron, zinc pyrithione, 'KH101', 'Sea-Nine 211', and copper pyrithione. For these chemicals, toxicity appears to be in the order zinc pyrithione > Sea-Nine 211 > KH101 > copper pyrithione > TBTO > Diuron approximately = Irgarol 1051 > M1. Here, we show that zinc pyrithione, Sea-Nine 211, KH101, and copper pyrithione are much more toxic to sea urchins than TBTO or the other chemicals. 相似文献
75.
Characterising and modelling the excavation damaged zone in crystalline rock in the context of radioactive waste disposal 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
John A. Hudson A. Bäckström J. Rutqvist L. Jing T. Backers M. Chijimatsu R. Christiansson X.-T. Feng A. Kobayashi T. Koyama H.-S. Lee I. Neretnieks P.-Z. Pan M. Rinne B.-T. Shen 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1275-1297
This paper describes current knowledge about the nature of and potential for thermo–hydro–mechanical–chemical modelling of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around the excavations for an underground radioactive waste repository. In the first part of the paper, the disturbances associated with excavation are explained, together with reviews of Workshops that have been held on the subject. In the second part of the paper, the results of a DECOVALEX [DEmonstration of COupled models and their VALidation against EXperiment: research funded by an international consortium of radioactive waste regulators and implementers (http://www.decovalex.com)] research programme on modelling the EDZ are presented. Four research teams used four different models to simulate the complete stress–strain curve for Avro granite from the Swedish Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. Subsequent research extended the work to computer simulation of the evolution of the repository using a ‘wall-block model’ and a ‘near-field model’. This included assessing the evolution of stress, failure and permeability and time-dependent effects during repository evolution. As discussed, all the computer models are well suited to sensitivity studies for evaluating the influence of their respective supporting parameters on the complete stress–strain curve for rock and for modelling the EDZ. 相似文献
76.
In a disk with a low optical depth, dust particles drift radially inward by the Poynting-Robertson (P-R) drag rather than are blown out by stellar radiation pressure following destructive collisions. We investigate the radial distribution of icy dust composed of pure ice and refractory materials in dust-debris disks taking into account the P-R drag and ice sublimation. We find that icy dust particles form a dust ring by their pile-ups at the edge of their sublimation zone, where they sublime substantially at the temperature 100-110 K. The distance of the dust ring is 20-35 AU from the central star with its luminosity L??30L⊙ and 65(L?/100L⊙)1/2 AU for L??30L⊙, where L⊙ is the solar luminosity. The effective optical depth is enhanced by a factor of 2 for L??100L⊙ and more than 10 for L??100L⊙. The optical depth of the outer icy dust disk exceeds that of the inner disk filled with refractory particles, namely, the residue of ice sublimation, which are further subjected to the P-R effect. As a result, an inner hole is formed inside the sublimation zone together with a dust ring along the outer edge of the hole. 相似文献
77.
S. J. Tingay R. A. Preston B. G. Piner M. L. Lister D. L. Jones D. W. Murphy T. J. Pearson A. C. S. Readhead H. Hirabayashi H. Kobayashi M. Inoue 《New Astronomy Reviews》1999,43(8-10)
The VSOP Space VLBI mission uses the HALCA spacecraft, launched from Japan in February 1997, in conjunction with ground radio observatories around the world to create a high resolution radio-wavelength imaging facility. We are using this unique facility to observe a sub-sample of Pearson-Readhead Survey sources at 4.8 GHz to determine core brightness temperatures and pc-scale jet properties. We will highlight one of the sources that has been observed using a combination of the HALCA spacecraft and the EVN, 1642+690, and describe the preliminary brightness temperature distribution for the sub-sample, based on all data analyzed to date. 相似文献
78.
J. E. J. Lovell H. Hirabayashi H. Kobayashi Y. Murata P. G. Edwards G. A. Moellenbrock S. Horiuchi E. B. Fomalont S. Kameno K. M. Shibata 《New Astronomy Reviews》1999,43(8-10)
An overview and status report of the VLBI Space Observatory Programme is presented. 相似文献
79.
80.
Gradients of absorption line indices are studied and mean stellar metallicities are estimated for 46 elliptical galaxies.
The mean stellar metallicities range from 〈 [Fe/H] 〉 ≃ =0.8 to +0.2 and ellipticals with smaller central velocity dispersions
tend to have lower 〈 [Fe/H] 〉 thus the mass-metallicity relation holds not only for the galaxy center but also for the whole
part of the galaxy. There is an evidence that the magnesium is enhanced systematically in all ellipticals by 0.2 dex with
respect to the iron. Giant elliptical galaxies show lack of metal-poor stars (the G-dwarf problem). Metal-poor globular clusters
of ellipticals formed well in advance of the formation of metal-rich ones which formed simultaneously with the bulk of stars
of mother galaxies under the influence of galaxy chemical enrichment. The bimodal [Fe/H] distribution of globular clusters
does not necessarily mean that elliptical galaxies formed by the mergers of disc galaxies.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献