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11.
2007年日本群马县南牧村泥石流成灾特点与启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2007年日本群马县南牧村在"植被覆盖良好,且实施了泥石流工程防护"的情况下,依然发生泥石流灾害,究其原因,与南牧村大量培育的"浅根型杉木人工纯林"关系密切.研究表明,南牧村的高大浅根杉木纯林具有典型的抑灾、致灾双向影响作用,其中"致灾影响"使得持续强降雨过程中斜坡林地大量破坏,结果(1)出现多条新发育的泥石流沟,泥石流暴发规模超过防护设计标准;(2)产生的漂木堵塞透水型拦挡坝,实际防护效能下降;(3)有的泥石流沿公路输移并破坏沿线经济体,泥石流危害范围扩大.据此,探讨了浅根型人工乔木纯林斜坡林地的稳定性问题、漂木拦挡问题、良好植被覆盖区泥石流灾害防治对策问题,建议探索浅根型乔木林人工培育及良好植被覆盖区泥石流危险区辨识等工作的减灾途径,重视斜坡林地稳定性的动态评价、泥石流危害路径的探查及良好植被覆盖区低频泥石流灾害隐患的揭示. 相似文献
12.
The problem of whether hard X-rays and microwaves are emitted from the same electrons in common or closely separated sources is reviewed on direct and indirect observational evidence. Detailed analyses of time structure and peak flux suggest that hard X-rays and microwaves are emitted from nearly co-spatial sources due to electrons streaming down to the chromosphere. However this model has not been confirmed yet by direct imaging observations.
相似文献13.
Keizo Kai 《Solar physics》1979,61(1):187-199
Thirty-one moving type IV (IV(M)) bursts recorded with the Culgoora radioheliograph are examined to deduce their characteristic features, such as spatial distribution, projected velocity, etc., and their relation to other phenomena. The distribution of the projected velocity suggests that less than 15% of the total IV(M) bursts have fast velocities (>1000 km s–1), almost equal to MHD shock velocity, and that the remaining IV(M) bursts have slower velocities (400 km s–1) and are probably not associated with MHD shock waves. Most of the slow IV(M) bursts (and 70% of the total IV(M) bursts) are of an isolated plasmoid type. Even if they are associated with minor H flares, IV(M) bursts of the isolated-plasmoid type have 1031 ergs in the form of magnetic energy. They are in many cases closely associated with extended flare-continuum sources; this seems plausible if the flare continuum is interpreted as an interaction of a plasmoid with a large-scale magnetic arch.The association of IV(M) bursts with energetic proton events seems to be poor - contrary to expectation. 相似文献
14.
Sample preparation protocols for flow cytometry (FCM) analysis with five algal viruses were optimized: Heterocapsa circularisquama virus (HcV), Heterosigma akashiwo virus (HaV), Chaetoceros salsugineum nuclear inclusion virus (CsNIV), Rhizosolenia setigera RNA virus (RsRNAV) and H. circularisquama RNA virus (HcRNAV). The optimum staining protocols differed significantly among the viruses tested. FCM counts for the large
DNA algal viruses HaV and HcV (∼0.2 μm in diameter) were similar to numbers determined by epifluorescence microscopy (EFM).
In contrast, FCM counts of viruses smaller than 40 nm that harbor DNA (CsNIV) or RNA genomes (RsRNAV, HcRNAV) were comparable
to or lower than most probable number (MPN) values, which indicate only infectious virus number, suggesting that the FCM counts
were underestimates. This is presumably because their single particle fluorescence signals were below the detection limit
for the flow cytometer. These results indicate that a large portion of the smaller viruses in the aquatic plankton virus community
may be overlooked by FCM. 相似文献
15.
The effects of irradiance on the excystment of tintinids from marine sediments were examined by incubating sediment samples in filtered seawater under various light levels. The total incidence of tintinnid excystment over five days was significantly less at low irradiance at and less than 2.5 E m–2sec–1 comparing to that at higher irradiance, at and more than 6.9 E m–2sec–1 (p<0.01), indicating that excystment of tintinnids is inhibited under low irradiance conditions. These results imply that water depth, disturbance of surface sediments and vertical mixing of water influence the excystment of tintinnids in coastal areas because these factors determine the light levels to which the tintinnid cysts are exposed. 相似文献
16.
The international journal Landslides was initiated in April 2004. It is the core project (IPL-C100) of the International Programme on Landslides, a joint initiative of the International Consortium on Landslides and the United Nations and other global organizations. The aims of Landslides are to promote landslide sciences, technology, and capacity building and strengthen global cooperation for landslide risk reduction within the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. This paper presents an analysis of the first 5 years of Landslides, the study methods employed, the types and major causes of landslides, the number of different contributors per country, and the “times cited” per issue and most frequently cited papers and briefly discusses some of these. Strategies for future development of the journal involve obtaining input and suggestion from researchers and readers worldwide. 相似文献
17.
Keizo Nishi 《Solar physics》1973,33(1):23-31
The absolute intensities and the centre-to-limb variations of the Sun at three wavelengths of 1629 Å, 1684 Å, and 1739 Å were measured by a rocket-borne spectrometer flown from the Kagoshima Space Centre on 1 September 1971. The spectrometer was a double-dispersive trichrometer, whose spectral and spatial resolutions were 8.3 Å and 1.3 respectively. The results concerning the absolute intensities were similar to those measured by the Harvard College Observatory group. The results for the centre-to-limb variation at 1629 Å and 1684 Å seem to support the HSRA model but not those at 1739 Å. 相似文献
18.
Keizo Kai 《Solar physics》1982,113(1-2):165-173
The problem of whether hard X-rays and microwaves are emitted from the same electrons in common or closely separated sources is reviewed on direct and indirect observational evidence. Detailed analyses of time structure and peak flux suggest that hard X-rays and microwaves are emitted from nearly co-spatial sources due to electrons streaming down to the chromosphere. However this model has not been confirmed yet by direct imaging observations. 相似文献
19.
Keizo Kai 《Solar physics》1987,111(1):81-87
The microwave images of solar flares obtained with the VLA are reviewed from a standpoint that the microwave source is near the top or foot point(s) of a flaring loop. The review is focused on whether extended structure is missed due to the lack of short baseline components leading to an incorrect interpretation of the processed images. We conclude that at short cm (< 2 cm) there is no conclusive evidence for the source near the loop top whereas at longer cm (6, 20 cm) the source tends to occupy a significant portion of a loop. The observed bipolar structure could be unambiguously interpreted as evidence for the source at the loop top, only when it is confirmed that a more extended structure has not been missed.Proceedings of the Second CESRA Workshop on Particle Acceleration and Trapping in Solar Flares, held at Aubigny-sur-Nère (France), 23–26 June, 1986. 相似文献
20.
Yuichi Koike Yuzuru Nakaguchi Keizo Hiraki Terufumi Takeuchi Tomoyoshi Kokubo Takashi Ishimaru 《Journal of Oceanography》1993,49(6):641-656
A red tide due toGymnodinium nagasakiense was observed in August 1988 in Tanabe Bay, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. The maximum cell concentration ofG. nagasakiense reached 1×105 cells ml–1 at the surface water. From May to September 1988, the following were monitored: water temperature, salinity, chlorophylla, D.O., dissolved nutrients (NO2–N, NO3–N, NH4–N, PO4–P DON, DOP), particulate nutrients (PON, POP) and three dissolved selenium species [Se(IV), Se(VI), Organic Se]. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NO3–N, NH4–N) decreased but PON, POP, DON, DOP and inorganic phosphate increased at the peak of the bloom. The concentration of organic selenium increased up to the bloom initiation period which started on 5 July, and then the concentration of Se(IV) increased as the concentration of organic selenium decreased at the peak of the bloom (3 August). The strong relationship was found between the concentration of Se(IV) and the cell concentration ofG. nagasakiense (r
2=0.98). The Se(IV) requirement ofG. nagasakiense was 2.89×10–17 moles cell–1, which was agreed well with 4.4×10–17 moles cell–1 found in a laboratory experiment onG. nagasakiense using selenium spiked artificial sea water medium. The average ratio of Se(IV) to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) during the red tide bloom was 11441, the ratio of Se(IV) to DIN at the surface with the maximum cell concentration ofG. nagasakiense of 1×105 cells ml–1 was 1137. These results suggested that selenium may play an important role in red tide outbreak ofG. nagasakiense. 相似文献