外源硒对罗布麻幼苗生长及光合作用的影响

硒是植物生长发育的必需元素,能促进植物生长。采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了施用不同浓度的外源硒对一年生罗布麻幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。研究结果表明：根施（R）和叶面喷施（L）两种施硒方式下,硒浓度与罗布麻一年生幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光参数有极显著相关性,表现为,一定浓度范围内（0～1.5 mg·kg^-1）,随着硒浓度的增加,罗布麻茎干重、叶干重、株高、茎粗、主叶对数和侧枝数均有有不同程度的上升;Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Ψo、φEo、PIABS、均随着施硒浓度的增加而增加;V_K、V_J、V_I均随着施硒浓度的增加而逐渐下降,S_m逐渐上升;说明施硒促进了罗布麻叶PSII的活性,提高了PSII反应中心的开放程度,增大其光能利用率。但随着供应浓度的进一步提高,各项生长及荧光指标有所降低,因此过量的硒供应对于罗布麻生长不利,而且有益与有害之间的范围很小,具体罗布麻栽培中要严格控制硒用量在1～3 mg·kg^-1范围内。搜索 #SrsZzqBAngjSTips { Z-INDEX: 999999999; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 56px; HEIGHT: 24px; LEFT: 1342177.27em } #SrsZzqBAngjSTips A { POSITION: relative; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN: -32px 0px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 23px; WIDTH: auto; DISPLAY: block; BACKGROUND: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/www/sogou/sogou_tips_v1.png) no-repeat 0px 0px; HEIGHT: 24px; COLOR: #000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; TEXT-DECORATION: none } #SrsZzqBAngjSTips A:hover { BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -34px; COLOR: #45a1ea }     

低山丘陵区土地利用方式对土壤质量的影响—以河北省遵化市为例

通过调查河北省遵化市低山丘陵区油松林、板栗、草地和坡耕地等典型土地利用方式对土壤养分和土壤容重的影响，土地取样取土壤表层0-20cm，结果表明，森林的砍伐以及随后的耕种显著增加了土壤容重并降低了大部分土壤养分。和林地相比，草地、当年开垦的农地、板栗和耕种3年的农地容重分别增加了13.3%，14.2%,27.5%,39.7%。除全磷外，板栗和耕种3年的农地土壤养分有显著下降，和林地相比，板栗有机质减少了60.7%，全氮减少了35.6%，全钾减少了21.3%，速效钾减少了57%；耕种3年的农地土壤有机质、全氮、全钾和速效钾则分别减少了62.9%,52.6%,31%和60%。土壤退化指数的计算结果表明板栗和耕种3年的农地土壤发生了较为严重的退化。     

中高纬阻塞环流背景下贵州强冻雨特征及概念模型研究

利用NCEP 1°×1°、2.5°×2.5°再分析格点资料以及2000 —2009 年贵州省冻雨个例资料,对该省12 次阻塞环流背景下强冻雨过程的天气学特征进行分析,归纳强冻雨的预报着眼点及概念模型。结果表明: 1) 强冻雨天气与亚洲中高纬度阻塞环流和中低纬度南支锋区密切联系,位势高度场在20 —30 N 之间存在4～5 条等值线,564～568 dagpm 线向南伸展到30 N 以南;2) 700 hPa 上西南急流显著,最大风速达到20 ～24 m·s-1,其作用在于提供暖湿水汽和逆温顶部的增温效应;3) 低空和地面是显著的冷垫,冻雨天气在准静止锋存在的背景下产生,准静止锋又与相对湿度大于70 % 以上的高湿区相联系,而影响贵州的准静止锋云系,处在锋上的具有暖湿云的特点,锋下的具有冷湿云的特点;4) 强冻雨期间,对流层中低空逆温梯度加大,最大可达8～10 ℃以上。     

基于遥感监测的城市热岛研究进展

全球正经历快速、高强度的城市化,导致城市热岛加剧,并对城市、区域乃至全球许多的生态环境要素直接或间接地产生多方面的影响,与人类福祉密切相关。遥感具有宽覆盖、信息量大、重复观测周期短等优点,已成为地表城市热岛(Surface Urban Heat Island, SUHI)监测广泛采用的一种方法。针对前人相关研究对热红外数据源、监测指标及SUHI时空变化规律尚缺乏系统总结且内容需要更新等问题,本文首先分类评述了SUHI遥感监测所采用的热红外遥感数据源。其次将现有的SUHI监测指标分为土地覆盖类型驱动型、地表温度格局驱动型及两者复合驱动型3类来述评,详细介绍了它们的计算方法、应用案例及优缺点;并从日间变化、夜间变化及昼夜对比的变化3个方面述评了SUHI的年内时空变化规律;归纳了其年际变化规律。最后,依据现有研究结论中相互冲突或尚需深化的地方,指出几个潜在的关键问题或研究方向。     

基于CODE GIM的震前电离层TEC异常分析

利用CODE GIM数据分析了2008年5月12日汶川地震和2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震前电离层TEC变化。以震前10天TEC中位数为基准,1.5倍标准差为误差限值,并考虑相应时期的太阳和地磁活动水平（Dst指数和Kp指数）,对震前电离层异常的分布进行了分析。结果表明,两次地震震前几天内都有TEC异常出现。     

A Simulating Experiment in the Process of Soil Erosion on Bare Land in Mt. Tanakami

In order to understand the process of surface erosion and acquire basic data of conditions on hillslope without vege tation, a sprinkling experiment is conducted on a bare slope in Mt. Tanakami in the central part of Japan. Based on the mea surements of runoff, mean soil erosion depth, and sediment yield, etc. , the results suggest the following characteristics in the process of surface erosion in the experimental area. (1) The occurrence of sediment discharge is interrupted; (2) Surface runoff is a saturated overland flow; (3) The mean soil erosion depth is thick compared with other areas in Mt. Tanakami;(4) Sediment discharge process is detachment- limited.     

地学信息图谱的探讨与展望

“图”是指空间信息图形表现形式的地图 ,也包括图像、图解等其他图形表现形式 ;“谱”是按事物特性所建立的系统 ,或按时间序列所建立的体系。地学信息图谱具有图形与谱系的双重特性 ,是由大量地学数字信息经过图形思维与抽象概括 ,并以计算机多维与动态可视化技术 ,显示和揭示地球系统及各要素和现象空间形态结构与时空变化规律的一种手段与方法。本文分别论述了 :1.图谱的基本概念 ;2 .地学信息图谱的探讨 ;3.地学信息图谱建立的基本过程与步骤 ;4.地学信息图谱实例--中国自然景观综合信息图谱 ;5 .地学信息图谱的意义与展望。     

The assessment of landslide susceptibility mapping using random forest and decision tree methods in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China

Landslide susceptibility mapping is an indispensable prerequisite for landslide prevention and reduction. At present, research into landslide susceptibility mapping has begun to combine machine learning with remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The random forest model is a new integrated classification method, but its application to landslide susceptibility mapping remains limited. Landslides represent a serious threat to the lives and property of people living in the Zigui–Badong area in the Three Gorges region of China, as well as to the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. However, the geological structure of this region is complex, involving steep mountains and deep valleys. The purpose of the current study is to produce a landslide susceptibility map of the Zigui–Badong area using a random forest model, multisource data, GIS, and remote sensing data. In total, 300 pre-existing landslide locations were obtained from a landslide inventory map. These landslides were identified using visual interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, topographic and geologic data, and extensive field surveys. The occurrence of landslides is closely related to a series of environmental parameters. Topographic, geologic, Landsat-8 image, raining data, and seismic data were used as the primary data sources to extract the geo-environmental factors influencing landslides. Thirty-four layers of causative factors were prepared as predictor variables, which can mainly be categorized as topographic, geological, hydrological, land cover, and environmental trigger parameters. The random forest method is an ensemble classification technique that extends diversity among the classification trees by resampling the data with replacement and randomly changing the predictive variable sets during the different tree induction processes. A random forest model was adopted to calculate the quantitative relationships between the landslide-conditioning factors and the landslide inventory map and then generate a landslide susceptibility map. The analytical results were compared with known landslide locations in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The random forest model has an area ratio of 86.10%. In contrast to the random forest (whole factors, WF), random forest (12 major factors, 12F), decision tree (WF), decision tree (12F), the final result shows that random forest (12F) has a higher prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, the random forest models have higher prediction accuracy than the decision tree model. Subsequently, the landslide susceptibility map was classified into five classes (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high). The results demonstrate that the random forest model achieved a reasonable accuracy in landslide susceptibility mapping. The landslide hazard zone information will be useful for general development planning and landslide risk management.     

华北地区晴空颠簸的分类特征及分析

以2005-008年发生在北京飞行管制区范围内的18例晴空颠簸为样本,在普查颠簸发生时天气形势的基础上,对造成华北地区晴空颠簸的天气形势进行分类,分为高空急流型、高空槽线型、切变线型和高空脊型.并结合卫星云图,归纳总结了每类晴空颠簸的特点和预报着眼点.通过对2006年1月2日发生在华北地区的一次飞机颠簸过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:在高空急流区边缘风切变较大及与高空急流相联系的等温线密集区边缘温度梯度较大的区域易产生颠簸.飞机颠簸的发生, 是温度平流通过在高空急流附近的等温线密集区边缘所激发出的垂直运动引起.     

东北地区湿度梯度下的表土植硅体的空间分布规律

植硅体的现代过程研究是恢复古环境的基础,探讨表土植硅体分布及组合特征对环境因子的响应尤为重要。沿中国东北地区年均温为4 ℃等温线采集70块表土样品,研究了单一温度因素控制下表土植硅体的空间分布规律,以期获得不同类型植硅体对降水的响应。研究结果表明：所有表土样品中植硅体丰富且数量较多,主要有棒型、尖型、块状、扇型、扁平状、短鞍型、帽型、哑铃型、齿型、三棱柱型、导管型、硅质突起、硅化气孔、弓型和多面表皮植硅体;且主要以短细胞、棒型、尖型为主,其平均百分含量之和高达80.77%,块状、扁平状、扇型次之,其他类型的植硅体含量较少。方差分析结果表明：棒型、三棱柱型、硅质突起、哑铃型和扁平状在大兴安岭、松嫩平原和长白山之间存在显著性差异,且棒型、三棱柱型、硅质突起的百分含量与年降水量具有极显著的正相关性,哑铃型的百分含量与年降水量具有极显著的负相关性。总之,年均温为4 ℃等温线上70块表土样品中植硅体类型基本相同,但不同类型植硅体的百分含量存在差异,说明本研究区域内表土植硅体组合特征对降水的响应较为敏感。