全文获取类型
收费全文 | 841篇 |
免费 | 31篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 36篇 |
大气科学 | 33篇 |
地球物理 | 265篇 |
地质学 | 330篇 |
海洋学 | 49篇 |
天文学 | 121篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
自然地理 | 33篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 19篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 58篇 |
2015年 | 50篇 |
2014年 | 43篇 |
2013年 | 59篇 |
2012年 | 40篇 |
2011年 | 43篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 48篇 |
2008年 | 34篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 20篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有874条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
841.
842.
Hoi-Soo Jung Young-Tak Ko Sang-Bum Chi Jai-Woon Moon 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):167-180
Abstract Seafloor morphology and ferromanganese nodule occurrence were studied using a multibeam side scan sonar (SeaBeam, 2000) and a deep-sea camera system in the Korea Deep-sea Environmental Study (KODES) area, northeast equatorial Pacific. Seafloor morphology and nodule abundance are highly variable even in this small study area. The NNE-SSW oriented hills are parallel and about 100–200 m high. Valleys are very flat-floored, while hilltops are rugged with depressions of tens of meters. Cliffs to about 100 m bound the valleys and the hills. The study area can be classified into three types based both on nodule occurrence and seafloor morphology, mostly G- and B-types and some M-type. G-type is characterized by high nodule abundance, ubiquitous bioturbation, and flat seafloor morphology, while B-type is characterized by irregular-shaped nodules, variable nodule abundance, occurrence of giant nodules and sediment lumps, rugged bottom morphology with depressions, and white calcareous surface sediments. Medium nodule abundance and a generally flat seafloor characterize M-type. G-type occurs mostly in the valley regions, while B-type is on the hilltop areas. M-type is located between the hilltop and the valley. Tectonic movement of the Pacific plate resulted in the elongated abyssal hills and cliffs. The rugged morphology on hilltops resulted from erosion and redistribution of surface siliceous sediments on hilltops by bottom currents, outcropping of underlying calcareous sediments, and dissolution of the carbonate sediments by corrosive bottom water undersaturated with CaCO3. Sediment eroded from the hills, which is relatively young and organic-rich, is deposited in the valleys, and diagenetic metal supply to manganese nodules in the valley area is more active than on the hills. We suggest that tectonic movement ultimately constrains morphology, surface sediment facies, bottom currents and sediment redistribution, bioturbation, thickness of the sedimentary layer, and other conditions, which are all interrelated and control nodule occurrence. The best potential area for mining in the study area is the G-type valley zones with about 3–4 km width and NNW-SSE orientation. 相似文献
843.
Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to different concentrations of estradiol (20, 200, and 2000 ng/l) in a semi-static regime (1-day dosing intervals) for up to 7 days in an attempt to see how mussels dealt with exogenous estrogenic compounds. Sex hormone levels were determined in whole tissue. Free-estradiol was only significantly elevated at the highest exposure dose (up to 10-fold). Most of the estradiol was in the tissues as fatty acid esters (>78%), which sharply increased in a dose-dependent manner (from 4 ng/g in controls to 258 ng/g at the high exposure group). In contrast, neither free nor esterified testosterone levels showed significant differences between control and exposure groups. The results suggest the existence of mechanisms that allow mussels to maintain their hormonal status, and the important role that fatty acid esterification may play within those mechanisms. Synthesis and conjugation rates of estradiol were further investigated by measuring the activity of P450 aromatase, and palmitoyl-CoA:estradiol acyltransferase, in digestive gland microsomal fractions. Overall, the study contributes to the better knowledge of molluscan endocrinology, and defines new mechanisms of regulation of free steroid-levels in mussels. 相似文献
844.
The Little Ice Age (∼1600–1900 AD) and 20th century sediment accumulation rates in Billefjorden, a subpolar fjord on Svalbard, were reconstructed by applying 210Pb, 137Cs and AMS 14C datings. The modern sediment accumulation rate decreases from more than 0.39 cm y−1 at the fjord head to 0.08 cm y−1 close to the fjord mouth. However, during the Little Ice Age the sediments accumulated at a much lower rate of 0.02 cm y−1 in the central fjord basin. This difference is most likely related to the rapid retreat of glaciers during the 20th century, when most of them withdrew up to 2 km. The post-Little Ice Age increases in temperature and a negative glacier mass balance resulted in a larger meltwater discharge transferring substantial amounts of sediments released from the glaciers, as well as those eroded from previously stored unconsolidated glacial sediments. A comparison of data from the subpolar fjords of Svalbard suggests that the increase in the sediment accumulation rate is a common trend, and further increases might be expected if climate warming continues. The properties of the fjord sediments (grain size, IRD, coarse-fraction composition, clay mineralogy) from the Little Ice Age and the 20th century showed no distinct differences. The change in the accumulation rate may be the most evident sedimentary record of this climatic change. 相似文献
845.
Ray?MacdonaldEmail author Mari?Sumita Hans-Ulrich?Schmincke Bogus?aw?Bagiński John?C.?White S?awomir?S.?Ilnicki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2015,169(4):34
Nemrut volcano, adjacent to Lake Van (Turkey), is one of the most important peralkaline silicic centres in the world, where magmatism for ~570,000 years has been dominated by peralkaline trachytes and rhyolites. Using onshore and Lake Van drill site tephra samples, we document the phenocryst and glass matrix compositions, confirming a complete spectrum from very rare mafic to dominantly silicic magmas. Magma mixing has been common and, along with the multi-lineage nature of the magmas, indicates that Nemrut has been a very open system where, nevertheless, compositionally zoned caps developed during periods of relative eruptive quiescence. Geothermometry suggests that the intermediate-silicic magmas evolved in an upper crustal magma reservoir at temperatures between 1100 and 750 °C, at fO2 close to the FMQ buffer. The silicic magmas either were halogen poor or exsolved a halogen-rich phase prior to or during eruption. An unusual Pb-rich phase, with up to 98.78 wt% PbO, is interpreted as having exsolved from the intermediate-rhyolitic magmas. 相似文献
846.
Shallow and bedrock groundwater from granitic aquifers were investigated for the hydrogeochemistry of major and minor constituents in an agricultural area. Nitrate concentrations were observed up to 49 mg/l as NO3‐N, with 22% of samples exceeding the drinking water standard, which could pose a significant threat because most residents rely on groundwater as their drinking water source. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components (PCs): (1) nitrate contamination, contributed by major cations, Cl?, SO and NO , (2) reduction processes positively involving Fe, Mn and B, and negatively involving dissolved oxygen and NO and (3) natural mineralization, involving HCO and F?. Cluster analysis, performed on the PC scores, resulted in seven sample groups, which were successfully identified by total depth, elevation and land use. The nitrate‐contaminated groups had mixed land uses, with locally concentrated residential areas. Uncontaminated groundwater groups were found in the natural environment, including high‐altitude spring water and bedrock groundwater with a higher degree of natural mineralization. Shallow groundwater groups in paddy fields in lowlands were affected by reducing environments, of which one group was characterized by high Fe, Mn and B, and negligible nitrate. Groundwater with intermediate nitrate and lower Cl? and SO was found primarily in hilly terrains with orchards and vegetable gardens, indicating lower contaminant loadings than lowland areas. Higher concentrations of F? and nitrate were observed in the nitrate‐contaminated water, which seemed unlikely to be explained by groundwater mixing. The strong acidity generated from nitrification may infiltrate deeper into the aquifer, induce accelerated weathering of bedrock and result in the coexistence of F? and nitrate, which may be an evidence of intense nitrate loading, leading to soil acidification. Multivariate statistical analysis successfully delineated hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater attained by natural and anthropogenic processes in an agriculturally stressed area with complex topographic land use patterns. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
847.
Dariusz Dobrzyński 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2007,13(3):197-210
A wide set of aqueous chemistry data (574 water analyses) from natural environments has been used to testify and validate
of the solubility of synthetic hydroxyaluminosilicate (HASB), Al2Si2O5(OH)4. The ground and surface waters represent regolith and/or fissure aquifers in various (magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic)
bedrocks in the Sudetes Mts. (SW Poland). The solubility of HASB in natural waters was calculated using the method proposed by Schneider et al. (Polyhedron 23:3185–3191, 2004). Results confirm
usefulness and validity of this method. The HASB solubility obtained from the field data (logKsp = −44.7 ± 0.58) is lower than it was estimated (logKsp = −40.6 ± 0.15) experimentally (Schneider et al. Polyhedron 23:3185–3191, 2004). In the waters studied the equilibrium with
HASB is maintained at pH above 6.7 and at [Al3+] ≤ 10−10. Silicon activity (log[H4SiO4]) ranges between −4.2 and −3.4. Due to the calculation method used, the Ksp mentioned above cannot be considered as a classical solubility constant. However, it can be used in the interpretation of
aluminium solubility in natural waters. The HASB has solubility lower than amorphous Al(OH)3, and higher than proto-imogolite. From water samples that are in equilibrium with respect to HASB, the solubility product described by the reaction,
is calculated to be logKsp = 14.0 (±0.7) at 7°C. 相似文献
848.
Summary The results of the winter anomaly observations at the Panská Ves Observatory on 2775 kHz and 2614 kHz (A3 method, feq1 and 0.8 MHz) are studied for the winters of 1971/72 and 1972/73. Ionospheric responses to minor (1972) and major stratospheric warmings are found to be different and relatively small. A regular winter-anomaly background absorption increase with a maximum in January was observed during both winters studied. Magnetic storms are found to play an insignificant, if any, role in the winter-anomaly phenomenon. The relation between magnetic activity and ionospheric absorption seems to be better in non-anomalous periods. 相似文献
849.
Jaroslava Bošková František Jiříček Pavel Tříska B. V. Lundin D. R. Shklyar Reviewer M. Hvoždara 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1988,32(2):199-212
Summary In a number of VLF experiments with low-orbiting Intercosmos satellites, high-intensity, discrete VLF emissions at frequencies above the local LHR were observed predominantly between L=2.3 and 4.0. The frequency of their intensity maximum varies continuously with geomagnetic latitude, and approximately parallels the value of a quarter of the equatorial electron gyrofrequency. An attempt is made to interprete these emissions in terms of quasi-electrostatic whistler-mode waves, generated in the near-equatorial region and propagating downward in the quasi-resonance mode. The generating mechanism is supposed to be the kinetic instability connected with the loss-cone and temperature anisotropy of the distribution function of energetic electrons. Some features of the discrete plasmaspheric emissions are discussed on the basis of theoretical considerations.
¶rt; num a umu nmua m a¶rt;au umu ¶rt;um -uu a amma, a amm , num ¶rt; L=2,3 u L=4. amma aua umumu mu uu um uuaum um u nuuum aa mmu amuauamm m. ¶rt;numa nnma umnmuam mu uu mua aummamuu um , ¶rt;a nuamua amu u anmau u au-a u. ¶rt;naam, m mu uu ¶rt;am mam umu mumu an¶rt;u u m, aumnu mnam u nm u uu an¶rt;u. n mmu aau ¶rt;am m mu ¶rt;umm na uu.相似文献
850.
Ayten Koç Nuretdin Kaymakci Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen Reinoud L. M. Vissers 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,105(1):369-398
The pre-Neogene Tauride fold-and-thrust belt, comprising Cretaceous ophiolites and metamorphic rocks and non-metamorphic carbonate thrust slices in southern Turkey, is flanked and overlain by Neogene sedimentary basins. These include poorly studied intra-montane basins including the Yalvaç Basin. In this paper, we study the stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of the Yalvaç Basin, which has a Middle Miocene and younger stratigraphy. Our results show that the basin formed as a result of multi-directional extension, with NE–SW to E–W extension dominating over subordinate NW–SE to N–S extension. We show that faults bounding the modern basin also governed basin formation, with proximal facies close to the basin margins grading upwards and basinwards into lacustrine deposits representing the local depocentre. The Yalvac Basin was a local basin, but a similar, contemporaneous history recently reconstructed from the Alt?napa Basin, ~100 km to the south, shows that multi-directional extension dominated by E–W extension was a regional phenomenon. Extension is still active today, and we conclude that this tectonic regime in the study area has prevailed since Middle Miocene times. Previously documented E–W shortening in the Isparta Angle along the Aksu Thrust, ~100 km to the southwest of our study area, is synchronous with the extensional history documented here, and E–W extension to its east shows that Anatolian westwards push is likely not the cause. Synchronous E–W shortening in the heart and E–W extension in the east of the Isparta Angle may be explained by an eastwards-dipping subduction zone previously documented with seismic tomography and earthquake hypocentres. We suggest that this slab surfaces along the Aksu thrust and creates E–W overriding plate extension in the east of the Isparta Angle. Neogene and modern Anatolian geodynamics may thus have been driven by an Aegean, Antalya and Cyprus slab segment that each had their own specific evolution. 相似文献