Magnetic field versus gas density,in different physical conditions

A search is made here for possible variations in the behavior of magnetic field valuesB at various gas density valuesn, when comparing low density gas versus high density gas, and when comparing compressed gas versus quiescent gas.

1. For thequiescent microturbulent interstellar gas (e.g., clouds, interclumps — see TableI), the statistical relationB ~n ^k yieldsk = 0.46 ± 0.07 forhigh gas densityn > 100 cm^?3, andk = 0.17 ± 0.03 forlow gas densityn < 100 cm^?3 (see Figure 1).
2. For thecompressed macroturbulent interstellar gas (e.g., masers, expanding shells — see Table II), the statistical relationB ~n ^K yieldsK = 0.61 ± 0.09 forhigh gas densityn > 100 cm^?3, andK = 0.37 ± 0.2 forlow gas densityn < 100 cm^?3 (see Figure 2).
3. The separation betweenlow density gas andhigh density gas is statistically significant. The 2 different physical behaviors (below and above the break at 100 cm^?3) are confirmed statistically (about 2 to 4 sigma away for the quiescent gas alone; about 3 to 6 sigma away for the combined quiescent plus compressed gas).
4. The separation betweencompressed gas andquiescent gas is not statistically significant now (see Figure 3). Atn > 100 cm^?3, a comparison of quiescent gas versus compressed gas shows no statistically significant differences in behavior (they are only about 1 sigma away). Atn < 100 cm^?3, a comparison of quiescent versus compressed gas also shows no statistically significant differences in behavior (less than 1 sigma away).
5. A relation between the densityn and the galactic-wide Star Formation Rate (SFR) can be made for galactic magnetic fields, i.e.: (SFR) ~n ⁿ . For galactic-wide parameters using quiescent, low densityn < 100 cm^?3, and the known relationshipsB ~n ^k/j withk = 0.17,B ~ (SFR) ^j withj = 0.13, then one gets here a lawSFR ~n ^k/j with an exponentk/j = 1.3. This is in rough accord with known data for the Milky Way and for NGC6946.

     

Meteoritic material at five large impact craters

Sixteen crater samples were analyzed by radiochemical neutron activation analysis for Ge, Ir, Ni, Os, Pd and Re. Two impact melt rock samples from Clearwater East (22 km) showed strong, uniform enrichments in all elements except Ge, corresponding to 7.4% C1 chondrite material. Interelement ratios suggest that the meteorite was a C1 (or C2) chondrite, not an iron, stony iron, or chondrite of another type. An Ivory Coast tektite (related to the 10 km Bosumtwi crater) was enriched in Ir + Os and Ni to about 0.04 and 1.6% of C1 chondrite levels, but in the absence of data on country rocks, the meteorite cannot yet be characterized.Impact melt rock samples from Clearwater West (32km), Manicouagan (70km), and Mistastin (28 km) showed no detectable meteoritic component. Upper limits, as Cl chondrite equivalent, were Os ≤ 2 × 10^?3% (~0.01 ppb), Ni ≤ 2 × 10^?1% (~20ppm). Possible causes are high impact velocity and/or a chemically inconspicuous meteorite (achondrite, Ir,Os-poor iron or stony iron). However, a more likely reason is that some fraction of the impact melt remains meteorite-free, especially at craters with central peaks.Clearwater East is the first terrestrial impact crater found to be associated with a stony meteorite. Apparently the consistent absence of stony projectiles at small craters (< 1 km diameter) reflects their destruction in the atmosphere, as proposed by Öpik.     

Assessment of water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes: a case study of Başköy springs (Ağlasun/Burdur/Turkey)

It is important to know the quality of water resources for drinking, domestic and irrigation in the rural area. Because, in recent times, there has been increased demand for water due to population growth and intense agricultural activities, so, hydrogeochemical investigations come into prominence for the groundwater use. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate water quality of Ba?köy springs for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The geochemical processes and quality of springs were followed as seasonal in the study area. In view of geochemical classification, springs are Ca-Mg-HCO₃ water type for both seasons. Comparison of geochemical data shows that majority of the spring samples are suitable for drinking water. On the other hand, chemical indexes of springs with various classifications were calculated for irrigation purposes. According to the classifications (electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, salinity hazard, percent sodium, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, residual sodium bicarbonate, permeability index, potential salinity, soluble sodium percentage, magnesium ratio, and Kelly’s ratio), Ba?köy springs are suitable for irrigation purposes. However, water quality of Çaygözü spring is different the other springs due to the high electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Also, groundwater mineralization processes and rock–water interaction are controlled with bivariate diagrams of major elements.     

Preliminary investigation of underground settlements of Nevşehir Castle region using 2.5-D electrical resistivity tomography: Cappadocia,Turkey

The Nev?ehir Castle region located in the middle of Cappadocia with approximately cone shape is investigated for the existence of an underground city using the geophysical method of electrical resistivity tomography. Underground cities are commonly known to exist in Cappadocia. The current study has obtained important clues that there may be another one under the Nev?ehir Castle region. Several 2.5-D resistivity profiles totaling approximately 4 km in length surrounding the Nev?ehir Castle are measured to determine the distribution of electrical resistivities under the study area. Several high resistivity anomalies with a depth range 8–20 m are discovered to associate with a systematic void structure beneath the Nev?ehir Castle. Because of the high-resolution resistivity measurement system currently employed, we were able to isolate the void anomalies from the embedding structure. Using 3-D visualization techniques, we show the extension of the void structure under the measured profiles.     

Applications of innovative polygonal trend analyses to precipitation series of Eastern Black Sea Basin,Turkey

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Examining historical variations of hydroclimatic variables can provide crucial information about changes of water resources in a water cycle. In this study,...     

Potential use of Ti-center in ESR dating of fluvial sediment

The titanium centers of quartz (Ti–Li and Ti–H) were used to date fluvial sediments, together with the aluminum-center (Al). The response of these centers to the light from a solar simulator suggests that these centers are sensitive only to the UV component of the sunlight. Ti–Li and Ti–H proved to be totally bleachable by the sun and the necessary time was, respectively, 520 and 240 h. The multiple-center method was then applied on several alluvial sediments of the Creuse Valley (France). Equivalent doses and ages were calculated and Ti–Li center proved to be suitable for dating Middle Pleistocene fluvial terraces sediment. The use of both Ti–Li- and Al-centers is also recommended to determine if the sediment was well bleached at the time of deposition.     

Precise 40Ar/39Ar dating of volcanic tuffs within the upper Messinian sequences in the Melilla carbonate complex (NE Morocco): implications for the Messinian Salinity Crisis

The Melilla carbonate complex (NE Morocco) is the only area of the Paleo-Mediterranean Sea where volcanic activity was present throughout most of the Messinian. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of volcanic tuffs interbedded within the upper Messinian sedimentary deposits, known as the Terminal Carbonate Complex (TCC), yields accurate ages of paleoenvironmental and sea-level changes related to the Messinian Salinity Crisis. The new chronologic data (1) provide an average of 5.95–5.99 Ma for the base of the TCC, thus being synchronous with the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis, (2) demonstrate for the first time that the basal unconformity of the TCC does not represent a hiatus of long duration, (3) define a precise time line at 5.87±0.02 Ma (2σ) corresponding to sedimentary rocks exhibiting a lateral transition between continental and marine deposits typical of the TCC and (4) yield evidence that emersion of the Melilla platform during deposition of the TCC is partly related to tectono-magmatic activity. An erosional surface, capping the TCC deposits in the Melilla basin, is related to the major Messinian Mediterranean drawdown. The duration of the hiatus, associated with this surface, is estimated to be at most 450 kyr, but is probably shorter.