Interdecadal change in North Korean winter mean rainfall

In the present study, it was found that there was a significant climate regime shift in 1993 from average rainfall amounts in winter (December of a year and January and February of the next year) in North Korea over the last 30 years (1982–2011). This significant climate regime shift in 1993 also appeared in empirical orthogonal function analysis conducted using the winter mean rainfall amounts observed at 26 weather observation stations in North Korea. The reason why winter mean rainfall amounts in North Korea were smaller during the period of 1994–2011 than during the period of 1982–1994 was that anomalous anticyclone was reinforced in regions near Lake Baikal while anomalous cyclone was reinforced on the sea on the east of Japan so that the winter pressure system pattern (west high-east low pattern) appeared and thus anomalous cold and dry northerlies were reinforced in most East Asian regions including North Korea. To figure out the reason why anomalous anticyclone was reinforced further in the East Asian continent in winters during the period of 1994–2011, differences in water equivalent of accumulated snow depths between the two periods were analyzed. As a result, more snow was observed in most East Asian regions during the period of 1994–2011. Therefore, anomalous anticyclone could be further reinforced in the East Asian continent because surface air temperature dropped further due to snow-albedo effect. The surface air temperature cooling deepened further in the East Asian continent during the period of 1994–2011 due to snow-albedo effect was identified through differences in sensible heat net flux between the two periods.     

江西省夏季降水年际变化的机理研究

通过对观测资料和大气再分析资料的诊断分析,研究了影响江西省夏季降水变率的物理机制。结果表明江西省夏季降水存在显著的年际变率。极端条件下,降水偏多的夏季可达降水偏少的夏季的降水量的三倍。中纬度地区的准静止波列和热带关键海区的海温异常是造成江西夏季降水异常的主要原因。当江西省夏季降水偏多时,欧亚大陆地区存在"正—负—正"的准正压Rossby波列结构,位于贝加尔湖的正活动中心能引导干冷空气南下,从而有利于江南地区的锋生和江西降水的增加。此外,当江西省夏季降水偏多时,前期冬季中东太平洋地区有El Ni1o事件的活动,并能通过大气桥在夏季印度洋地区形成正海温异常。通过"印度洋电容器"机制,印度洋的暖海温能激发向东传播的Kelvin波,引起菲律宾地区降水的减少。菲律宾地区抑制的降水能激发向北传播的EAP/PJ波列,使得西太平洋副热带高压西伸增强,从而有利于水汽向江南地区的输送,并造成江西夏季的降水增加。     

2004年冬季华北平原持续大雾天气的诊断分析

利用GTS1型数字式探空仪探测的资料、NCEP 1°×1°的6小时资料和常规观测资料,对2004年冬季华北平原历史上少见的持续大雾天气进行了天气动力学诊断分析。结果表明:华北平原近地面气层900hPa以下的负涡度平流、冷温度平流和弱辐合上升运动引起该层气温下降,900-500hPa的正涡度平流、暖温度平流和辐散下沉运动造成该层气温升高,在上升和下沉运动区的界面层中形成逆温层,逆温层的高度和强度影响雾的形成和状况。夜间辐射热力强迫作用和950hPa以下的微风是大雾形成的动力因子。大雾边界层中存在的水汽饱和层是在特定的环流形势下华北平原低空盛行东和东南向岸气流,将北部海面的水汽向西向北平流到冷近地面气层中的结果。     

商丘近44年蒸发量变化及其影响因子分析

利用商丘市8个台站1961~2004年的20 cm口径蒸发皿资料,进行蒸发量的年际变化、年代际变化、季节变化以及月分布的分析,结果显示蒸发量存在显著的减少趋势。年际间减少趋势通过了99%的置信度水平,各季节蒸发量以春季和夏季减少最为明显。同时还分析了近44年来日照、风速和温度的变化趋势,并计算了这些气象因子与蒸发量变化的相关系数。分析表明日照时数减少和风速减小是造成商丘市蒸发量下降的主要因素,而气温上升对蒸发量的影响不十分明显。     

数值预报产品在一次强天气过程中的应用

通过实况场分析表明:能量的积累和位势不稳定层结的建立是产生本次过程的基础,低空急流为本次过程提供了有利的动力条件,而水汽条件的突变、上升是产生本次过程的根本原因.将上述结论和具有预报时效的数值预报释用产品进行对比分析,结果表明,在连续几日数值预报比较稳定的情况下,形势场、要素场、变量场可信度高,可以作为预报的重要依据.数值预报要素场的突变是产生转折性天气的先兆条件之一.     

Mechanisms of tropical precipitation biases in climate models

Climate Dynamics - We investigate the possible causes for inter-model spread in tropical zonal-mean precipitation pattern, which is divided into hemispherically symmetric and anti-symmetric modes...     

煤矿瓦斯浓度与气象因子相关分析及预报模型

对山西省大同市地方煤矿1979~1997年发生的90起重大典型事故案例进行分析,发现瓦斯事故是发生次数最多,占事故总数的33%,而其造成的灾害也最重。瓦斯浓度的高低与气象因子具有一定的相关性,通过统计计算,得出了旬瓦斯浓度与旬气温、旬气压的相关关系,建立了旬瓦斯浓度预报模型和逐日瓦斯浓度等级预报模型,预报拟合率和试报效果较好。利用该研究成果,结合中短期天气预报,可以提前预报瓦斯浓度的变化趋势,对于搞好煤矿安全生产的管理,及时加大通风,减少事故发生具有重要意义。     

Effects of the low-frequency zonal wind variation on the high frequency atmospheric variability over the tropics

Recently, there is increasing evidence on the interaction of atmospheric high-frequency (HF) variability with climatic low-frequency (LF) variability. In this study, we examine this relationship of HF variability with large scale circulation using idealized experiments with an aqua-planet Atmospheric GCM (with zonally uniform SST), run in different zonal momentum forcing scenarios. The effect of large scale circulation changes to the HF variability is demonstrated here. The HF atmospheric variability is enhanced over the westerly forced region, through easterly vertical shear. Our study also manifests that apart from the vertical wind shear, strong low-level convergence and horizontal zonal wind shear are also important for enhancing the HF variance. This is clearly seen in the eastern part of the forcing, where the HF activity shows relatively maximum increase, in spite of similar vertical shear over the forced regions. The possible implications for multi-scale interaction (e.g. MJO–ENSO interaction) are also discussed.     

地市级新天气预报业务流程的开发研究

在借鉴和吸收省内外先进经验的基础上，结合地市气象台预报工作实际，对现在9210工程业务环境下，地市级天气预报业务流程进行深入细致的分析研究，建立起以数值分析预报产品为基础，以人机交互Micaps系统为平台，以提高预报业务效率为目的，综合运用各类信息和多种预报方法制作预报的新天气预报业务流程，并投入实际业务运行，收到了良好的效果。     

微气象自动观测网

本文介绍利用计算机和通讯技术,建立局地网络的微气象观测系统,实现气象数据的自动采集、无线传输和集中实时处理。整个系统由一个中心站和五个(或更多)观测子站组成,是一个点到点的通讯网络。该系统为研究不同下垫面地气相互作用的观测实验提供了手段和方便。整个系统分两部份介绍,本文作一总体概述,第二部份说明数据采集和无线传输的具体实施。