柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区侏罗系-古近系储层流体包裹体特征与油气运移

柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区的侏罗系—古近系储层是柴北缘地区的重点勘探对象,通过对采自该区7口典型钻井中的储层岩心样品进行流体包裹体分析,揭示了油气运移的一些基本特征。首先,根据储层含油气包裹体丰度的差异,认为冷湖地区并不存在从五号→四号→三号构造的顺层油气运移指向,油气主要自昆特依凹陷呈放射状向构造带运移。其次,储层油气包裹体类型的差异表明,深部侏罗系储层中曾经接受过一期成熟度较低的石油充注,但规模可能有限;冷湖地区可能并不存在大规模的天然气聚集;原油普遍遭受过水洗降解等次生变化。最后,综合包裹体岩相学和显微测温结果,提出本区侏罗系—古近系储层中目前所发现的油气大多为中新世后形成。这些认识为区域油气深入勘探提供了重要的基础参考信息。     

南黄海灾害地质因素及分区

尝试性地将南黄海灾害地质因素分为4大类。同时参考地貌沉积界线和其他因素将南黄海分成4个灾害地质区：即海岸带、苏北浅滩、海州湾和南黄海东部灾害地质区，并时各灾害地质区进行了定性评价，苏北浅滩灾害地质区是研究区内灾害地质环境最不稳定的区域。     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应

利用7个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计构建家系,建立育种基础群体,估计体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interactions,G×E)。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传力估计值范围分别在(0.19±0.09)—(0.43±0.09),(0.27±0.04)—(0.45±0.06),均属于中高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P<0.05)。Z-score检验表明,体重和存活性状遗传力估计值在河北黄骅(HBHH)和青岛鳌山(QBAS)两个测试场间差异均不显著。体重和存活性状的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.007和0.008,表现为低度线性负相关。对于体重和存活性状,HBHH和QBAS场间的遗传相关分别为0.83±0.04和0.40±0.11。体重性状的G×E效应不显著(K<0.5),但存活性状存在显著的G×E效应(K>0.5)。上述结果显示,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传变异丰富,多代选择可获得较大的遗传进展。     

Managing coastal area resources by stated choice experiments

In many coastal regions, oil spills can be considered as one of the most important and certainly the most noticeable forms of marine pollution. Efficient contingency management responding to oil spills on waters, which aims at minimizing pollution effects on coastal resources, turns out to be critically important. Such a decision making highly depends on the importance attributed to different coastal economic and ecological resources. Economic uses can, in principal, be addressed by standard measures such as value added. However, there is a missing of market in the real world for natural goods. Coastal resources such as waters and beach cannot be directly measured in money terms, which increases the risk of being neglected in a decision making process. This paper evaluates these natural goods of coastal environment in a hypothetical market by employing stated choice experiments. Oil spill management practice in German North Sea is used as an example. Results from a pilot survey show that during a combat process, beach and eider ducks are of key concerns for households. An environmental friendly combat option has to be a minor cost for households. Moreover, households with less children, higher monthly income and a membership of environmental organization are more likely to state that they are willing to pay for combat option to prevent coastal resources from an oil pollution. Despite that choice experiments require knowledge of designing questionnaire and statistical skills to deal with discrete choices and conducting a survey is time consumed, the results have important implications for oil spill contingency management. Overall, such a stated preference method can offer useful information for decision makers to consider coastal resources into a decision making process and can further contribute to finding a cost-effective oil preventive measure, also has a wide application potential in the field of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM).     

基于船载ADCP观测对罗源湾湾口断面潮流及余流的分析

基于对罗源湾可门水道的25 h连续走航ADCP观测,成功构建了沿走航断面共12个站位的连续海流时间序列,并对这些站位的潮流、余流以及潮通量等进行了分析。结果表明可门水道内的潮流为正规半日潮流,驻波性质明显,涨潮首先出现在水道中下层而退潮则首先发生在水道上层。水道内的潮流为往复流,水道南部M₂分潮流流速较大,并且其倾角自北向南逐渐增加。此外,水道两端的浅水区域内浅水分潮M₄振幅较显著。可门水道内余流呈现出两层结构,20 m以浅余流沿东北向流出海湾,并且出流的核心位置偏南,而20 m以深的余流沿西南向流入湾内,入流的流核位于偏北的近底层区域。对潮通量的积分计算表明通过可门水道进入罗源湾的潮通量约为4.81×108 m3。     

基于深度学习的循环水养殖鳗鲡(Anguilla)计数研究

鳗鲡(Anguilla)作为我国优质水产养殖种类,精准掌握其数量对高效养殖有重要意义。为实现对循环水养殖鳗鲡的准确计数,提出了一种基于深度学习的改进Faster RCNN模型。针对检测目标即鳗鲡头部尺寸小的问题,选择在特征提取网络ResNet50中加入FPN结构来作为模型的骨干网络,以提取并融合多尺度的特征;针对原模型锚框都是基于人工经验设置的,并不适用于鳗鲡数据集的问题,使用k-means聚类算法对训练集中标注的鳗鲡头部检测框进行聚类分析,获得了适合鳗鲡数据集的15种不同尺度的锚框;针对图像中存在鳗鲡头部重叠的问题,选择使用Soft-NMS算法替代原NMS算法对RPN部分生成的候选框进行筛选,以减少模型对鳗鲡重叠部分的漏检情况。试验结果表明:改进后的Faster RCNN模型对鳗鲡头部的检测精度(mAP^0.5)高达96.5%,较原Faster RCNN模型(Backbone为ResNet50)显著提升了14%,与SSD300和YOLOV3模型相比分别显著提升了24.9%和15%;在鳗鲡计数上,利用改进后的Faster RCNN模型检测结果进行计数,计数准确率达到90%以上,提升了模型对鳗鲡的检测识别能力。     

我国海洋声学探测技术竞争力分析

海洋声学探测技术用于海洋物理及海洋特定目标特性探测,是人类认识海洋、开发和利用海洋丰富资源必不可少的海洋高技术。文中全面介绍了海洋声学探测技术的技术结构以及致力于此技术研究的国内外主要研究机构,着重对比分析了国内外海洋声学探测技术的发展现状与趋势,并总结出我国该领域现存在的问题。结果表明我国海洋声学探测技术水平与国外相差10 a左右,未来需靠长期稳定支持、按需开展研究、加大基础工业投资以及提高材料与工艺水平等措施推进我国海洋声学技术的良性发展。     

Resolving physically and biologically driven suspended particulate matter dynamics in a tidal basin with a distribution-based model

Understanding suspended particulate matter (SPM) dynamics in coastal waters is crucial to assess changes in coastal sediment budgets and biogeochemical fluxes. SPM dynamics are subject to various physical and biological factors and processes such as, e.g. tidal currents and aggregation which can be enhanced by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are produced by algae and bacteria. It is still unclear how the different factors and processes interact and together determine SPM dynamics. To unravel the interacting processes and factors, we propose a new distribution-based modeling approach. Based on the derivation of explicit equations for size distribution characteristics of SPM such as the average radius, we derived a model of reduced complexity characterized by low initialization and parameterization effort as well as low computational cost. The proposed 0D model includes the processes of aggregation and fragmentation due to shear, aggregation due to differential settling, deposition, resuspension and tidal exchange, and describes the evolution of the SPM concentration in the water column linked by the settling velocity to the change of the mass average radius of the aggregate distribution. A systematic parameter variation for critical bottom shear stress of erosion, the size of resuspended aggregates, the fractal dimension, the collision efficiency, and the aggregate strength has been performed and compared to observations in the back-barrier basin of Spiekeroog Island in the German Wadden Sea. This analysis confirms the hypothesis that in winter biological influences on SPM dynamics are smaller compared to summer. This is mainly reflected by a significant shift in the various parameters. We hence conclude that biological control mechanisms have a much more quantitative relevance for SPM dynamics than currently represented by state-of-the-art SPM transport models.     

深海极端环境模拟装置设计

为了满足深海极端环境科学研究的需求,设计了深海极端环境模拟装置。对系统结构以及工作原理进行分析,介绍了培养釜、温度控制子系统和压力控制子系统。重点针对当前模拟装置压力控制精度不高的问题,设计了高精度压力传感器,并提出一种迭代自学习PID压力控制算法,实现系统压力自动检测和连续控制,同时带有观察窗的培养釜结构可以实现微生物状况实时观测。实验结果表明,该系统能够实现深海极端环境参量高精度模拟,可以为深海极端环境科学研究提供很好的平台。     

日照岚山港北作业区邻近海域春、秋季浮游动物群落结构研究

以2015年5月(春季)和10月(秋季)在日照岚山港北作业区邻近海域进行的浮游动物调查数据为例,分析了该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征。调查海域两季共发现浮游动物成体20种,浮游幼虫7类,其中春季成体12种,浮游幼虫4类,秋季成体19种,浮游幼虫6类;春、秋两季调查浮游动物平均丰度分别为128.1 ind./m³、103.3 ind./m³;平均生物量(湿重)分别为1 129.9 mg/m³、954.3 mg/m³;平均多样性指数分别为2.39、2.01;平均丰富度指数分别为0.85、1.21;平均均匀度指数分别为0.87、0.62;春季调查优势种为强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labibocera euchaeta)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa),秋季调查优势种为太平洋纺锤水蚤、小齿海樽(Doliolum denticulatum)、强壮箭虫、真刺唇角水蚤;聚类分析表明,调查海域浮游动物可划分为3个群落。本研究可为深入研究该海域浮游动物群落结构提供重要的基础数据。