东亚夏季风活动与不同类型云的相关性研究

利用1998~2007年候平均卫星-台站融合降水资料以及ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) D1云资料,分别定义了标准降水指数和两类云指数。降水指数大值区的移动能很好的表征东亚夏季风活动,两类云指数能分别反映某个区域深对流云(DC)、高积云(Ac)和积云(Cu)云量的集中变化特征。根据不同地区降水集中时段以及降水量等气候特征,结合中国气候区划(温度带及干湿区)及不同地域的地形特征,把中国大陆受东亚夏季风影响的地区划分为五个子区域。利用ISCCP D1云气候资料和降水资料,在候时间尺度上通过分析降水与不同云类、标准降水指数与两类云指数的相关性研究了东亚夏季风活动与不同类型云的对应关系。研究表明:ISCCP定义的深对流云(DC)、卷层云(Cs)与降水量在五个区显著正相关,表明东亚夏季风活动伴随有大量的对流云及云砧出现;高积云(Ac)、积云(Cu)的总云量与降水量在五个区显著负相关,表明夏季风活动增强时,Ac和Cu云量减少;层云(St)和层积云(Sc)与降水量在南方和北方分别呈显著的负相关和正相关,说明季风活动在南方伴随着对流云的显著增加,在北方则使层状云和对流云均有所增加;高层云(As)、卷云(Ci)和雨层云(Ns)与季风活动没有显著的相关性。     

Study on Global Performances and Mooring-Induced Damping of A Semi-Submersible

The harsh environmental conditions bring strong nonlinearities to the hydrodynamic performances of the offshore floating platforms, which challenge the reliable prediction of the platform coupled with the mooring system. The present study investigates a typical semi-submersible under both the operational and the survival conditions through numerical and experimental methods. The motion responses, the mooring line tensions, and the wave loads on the longitudinal mid-section are investigated by both the fully non-linearly coupled numerical simulation and the physical experiment. Particularly, in the physical model test, the wave loads distributed on the semi-submersible’s mid-section were measured by dividing the model into two parts, namely the port and the starboard parts, which were rigidly connected by three six-component force transducers. It is concluded that both the numerical and physical model can have good prediction of the semi-submersible’s global responses. In addition, an improved numerical approach is proposed for the estimation of the mooring-induced damping, and is validated by both the experimental and the published results. The characteristics of the mooring-induced damping are further summarized in various sea states, including the operational and the survival environments. In order to obtain the better prediction of the system response in deep water, the mooring-induced damping of the truncated mooring lines applied in the physical experiment are compensated by comparing with those in full length. Furthermore, the upstream taut and the downstream slack mooring lines are classified and investigated to obtain the different mooring line damping performances in the comparative study.     

Initiation and Development of the Late Cenozoic Uplift of Daluo Mountains, Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Daluo Mountains lie at front of the arcuate tectonic belt at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and are the landform boundary zone between the active Tibetan Plateau and the stable North China Craton. Studying of the late Cenozoic uplift evolution of Daluo Mountains is important for understanding the expansion mechanism of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its influence on the western North China Craton. In this study, the late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains is constructed from the development of the late Cenozoic alluvial fan around Daluo Mountains. The entire sedimentary sequence and framework of the fan was revealed by the newly obtained drilling core data. The cosmogenic nuclide, optically stimulated luminescence, and detrital zircon U-Pb dating results provide new evidences for discussion about the initial timing of the late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains and the key stages of uplift during the Pleistocene. The late Cenozoic alluvial fan at front of Daluo Mountains overlies a set of fluvial-facies strata; therefore, development of the alluvial-fan marks the start of late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains. The timing of this event can be constrained to ~4.64 Ma. Two extensive gravel layers (dated to ca. 0.76–0.6 Ma and ~0.05 Ma) developed during the Pleistocene, indicating two episodes of considerable uplift. This study provides a new time scale for the uplift and expansion of the arcuate tectonic belt at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.     

北京利用土地处理技术将再生水回补地下水可行性探讨

本文从北京市再生水的现状．土地处理技术的理论、国外已经开展再生水土地处理后回补地下水含水层的实践,以及北京的实际条件出发,分析了在北京开展再生水通过土地处理技术后,回补地下水含水层试验的可行性。     

Stratigraphic Framework of the Cryogenian in China

The Cryogenian is a critical period in the history of the Earth. It is marked by multiple extreme climate changes that caused alternating global glacial and interglacial intervals. These dramatically changed the sedimentary system, and metal ores and source rocks distributed widely during this period. Therefore, studying the Cryogenian stratigraphic framework and sedimentary basins is important to improve the stratigraphic resolution for metal mineral and hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration in China. This review paper firstly divides three tectonic-stratigraphic regions in China in the Cryogenian, including the tectonic-stratigraphic regions of Great South China, Xingmeng-Tarim, and North China. Secondly, geochronologic data and geological records are combined to clearly depict the Cryogenian sedimentary sequence of continental blocks and micro-continental blocks in different tectonic-stratigraphic regions. The results were used to propose a new comparison scheme of stratigraphy for the Cryogenian in China. Finally, according to differences of sedimentary evolution and tectonic evolvement, sedimentary basins and their lithofacies paleogeography are identified and summarized, respectively.     

兴岭滑坡治理工程事故原因分析

兴岭滑坡发生于1998年3月，为防止边坡再次滑动，需要对滑坡体进行加固治理。由于强降雨和人为因素，在治理工程施工过程中滑坡体发生滑动，造成了比较严重的工程事故。介绍了兴岭滑坡治理工程概况、事故情况，对兴岭滑坡治理工程施工过程中造成挡土墙倾覆的具体原因进行了稳定性理论分析，根据工程所处的水文、地质环境剖析了设计、施工存在的问题。     

试论监理在地质灾害治理工程中的控制作用

目前三峡水库区地质灾害治理正大规模地分期实施，监理作为治理工程参建的重要一方，如何根据监理理论采取相应的手段及措施，发挥监理工程师对工程“质量、进度、投资”3大目标的控制作用，从而使地质灾害治理工程取得良好的社会效益和经济效益，是值得探讨的重要课题。文章结合三峡水库区Ⅱ期地质灾害治理工程监理实践经验，就监理在治理工程中的控制作用分别从“质量、进度、投资”等方面进行了较详细地探讨。最后指出，与其它建设工程一样，监理在地质灾害治理工程中发挥着其他任何一方不可替代的作用。同时提出地质灾害治理工程中尚存在“监理取费偏低，监理人员的专业配置不合理，未对监理人员针对地质灾害工程的特点专门培训”等急需解决的问题。     

深埋隧洞围岩分类方法--JPQ系统

本文以某深埋隧洞围岩分类为例、以著名的巴顿岩体质量分类Q系统为基础,建立了高地应力、高外水压力条件下的围岩分类方法--JPQ系统,经验证该方法在某深埋隧洞围岩分类中适用性好,并可推广使用.     

俄罗斯库页盆地地质、地球物理研究进展

鄂霍茨克海是西太平洋沿岸最北的边缘海,库页盆地是研究该边缘海地质问题最好的窗口.在已有的工作基础上,分析了库页盆地的地球物理场特征;详细讨论了库页盆地的沉积特点、深部结构和地质特征;并对库页盆地地质演化进行了初步的探讨.对库页盆地的研究结果,将对鄂霍茨克海以及中国边缘海盆有很好的帮助和借鉴作用。     

榆神低硫煤中硫含量特征及成因探讨

陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神矿区煤大部分属于特低硫、低硫煤，硫的赋存形式以硫化物硫和有机硫为主。本文论述了榆神侏罗纪煤中硫含量特征及硫的来源、形成及沉积环境对低硫煤形成的控制作用。