主要WebGIS平台的选择

介绍现今主要的WebGIS平台特点及选择平台时需要考虑的问题。     

延长油田水平井钻井关键技术研究

水平井钻井技术对延长油田低渗透油藏的勘探开发具有重要意义。从钻井设计出发,提出了三维轨迹、负位移、三增剖面等剖面优化设计以及二开的井身结构设计;针对水平井地质导向的技术难点,形成了相应的技术对策;为解决原KPAM钻井液体系抑制性较差的问题,通过室内实验确定了阳离子乳液聚合物钻井液体系配方。这些关键技术有效性的保证了延长油田水平井钻井安全平稳运行。     

基于小波域高斯尺度混合模型的天气雷达图像高分辨率插值

采用可精确刻画雷达回波强度数据统计特征的小波域高斯尺度混合（GSM）模型作为雷达图像先验模型,进行天气雷达图像插值,在提高图像分辨率的同时有效重建降水回波中局部强回波值、小尺度变化细节等一些重要空间分布统计特征。分析和总结雷达回波强度数据小波频率域统计特点,建立小波域GSM模型;匹配天气雷达图像小波系数和GSM模型,利用贝叶斯理论估计更小尺度的小波系数,进行小波逆变换,完成高分辨率天气雷达图像插值。试验表明,该算法能从低分辨率图像中估计出高分辨率高频系数,且所利用的先验模型充分考虑降水数据本身的特点,可有效捕获降水回波结构的非高斯特征和局部相关特性,重建雷达图像中的局部变化细节。      

不同粒径黄砂岩微观−宏观裂纹演化机制研究

为了探讨粒径对黄砂岩微观-宏观裂纹演化机制的影响,系统地开展了不同粒径黄砂岩单轴压缩声发射试验。基于声发射监测技术以及震源机制反演方法,对岩石变形破坏过程中微裂纹演化机制进行了研究,同时利用电镜扫描技术与几何分形理论,对破坏后的砂岩表面裂隙宏观形态及试件断口的微观形貌特征进行了分析。试验结果表明：粒径的大小、胶结物类型的不同均可影响岩石强度,通过室内试验得出随着黄砂岩粒径的逐渐增大,其峰值应力呈逐渐下降的变化趋势;对比不同粒径黄砂岩试件变形破坏过程中的声发射改进 b 值（ bI 值）与平均声发射能率,所有试件峰值破坏前平均声发射能率均存在“激增”与“激降”现象,且声发射 bI 值在砂岩试件达到峰值破坏时下降到最小值,该现象可以作为岩石的失稳破坏前兆特征;随着构岩矿物颗粒粒径的增大,岩石内部微裂纹的破坏模式由张拉型为主导向剪切型为主导进行转变;破坏后岩样表面宏观裂隙的分形维数随着岩石粒径的增加呈现下降的变化趋势,即粒径大小对岩石表面宏观裂隙演化过程具有一定控制作用。     

江南造山带西段桂北四堡地区830 Ma辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征及其岩石成因研究

本次研究对象为江南造山带西段桂北四堡地区新元古代辉长岩,主要由斜长石和单斜辉石组成,含有少量的橄榄石和钛铁氧化物,表明在岩浆演化过程中发生了斜长石和单斜辉石以及少量橄榄石的分离结晶作用。辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb谐和年龄为(830±7)Ma,指示其侵位年龄约为830 Ma。全岩具有低SiO₂含量(48.46%~53.99%)、高MgO含量(9.27%~25.22%)、Mg^#值较高(62~79)的特征。辉长岩为钙碱性系列岩石,其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化和微量元素原始地幔标准化与典型的弧岩浆相似,具有相对富集轻稀土元素((La/Yb)_N=2.2~3.7,(La/Sm)_N=2.5~2.9)和大离子亲石元素,明显的高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti)亏损的特征,还具有较高的Th/Nb比值(0.7~0.8)和低Nb/La比值(0.4~0.6)。辉长岩具有负的ε_Nd(t)值(-6.3~-3.0)和正的ε_Hf(t)值(8.0~12.1),指示其源区为亏损地幔,但有富集组分加入。结合区域地质特征,推测辉长岩形成于活动大陆边缘俯冲构造背景,起源于受沉积物流体交代了的楔地幔。     

Geologic, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints on Mechanisms of Ore Deposition at the Datuanshan Copper Deposit, Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley, Eastern China

The Datuanshan deposit is one of the largest and most representative stratabound copper deposits in the Tongling area,the largest ore district in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt.The location of the orebodies is controlled by the interlayer-slipping faults between the Triassic and Permian strata,and all the orebodies are distributed in stratiform shape around the Mesozoic quartz monzodiorite dikes.Based on field evidence and petrographic observations,four mineralization stages in the Datuanshan deposit have been identified:the skarn,early quartz-sulfide,late quartzsulfide and carbonate stages.Chalcopytite is the main copper mineral and mainly formed at the late quartz-sulfide stage.Fluid inclusions at different stages were studied for petrography,microthermometry,laser Raman spectrometry and stable isotopes.Four types of fluid inclusions,including three-phase fluid inclusions(type 1),liquid-rich fluid inclusions(type 2),vapour-rich fluid inclusions(type 3) and pure vapour fluid inclusions(type 4),were observed.The minerals from the skarn,early and late quartz-sulfide stages contain all fluid inclusion types,but only type 2 fluid inclusions were observed at the carbonate stage.Petrographic observations suggest that most of the inclusions studied in this paper are likely primary.The coexistence of different types of fluid inclusions with contrasting homogenization characteristics(to the liquid and vapour phase,respectively) and similar homogenization temperatures(the modes are 440-480℃,380-400℃ and 280-320℃ for the skarn,early and late quartz-sulfide stages,respectively) in the first three stages,strongly suggests that three episodes of fluid boiling occurred during these stages,which is supported by the hydrogen isotope data.Laser Raman spectra identified CH_4 at the skarn and early quartz-sulfide stages.Combined with other geological features,the early ore-forming fluids were inferred to be under a relatively reduced environment.The CO_2 component has been identified at the late quartz-sulfide and carbonate stages,indicating that the late ore-forming fluids were under a relatively oxidized environment,probably as a result of inflow of and mixing with meteoric water.In addition,microthermometric results of fluid inclusions and H-O isotope data mdicate that the ore forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water in the early stages(skarn and early quartz-sulfide stages) and mixed with meteoric water in the late stages(late quartz-sulfide and carbonate stages).The evidence listed above suggests that the chalcopyrite deposition in the Datuanshan deposit probably resulted from the combination of multiepisode fluid boiling and mixing of magmatic and meteoric water.     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的小金川两岸滑坡隐患识别

为全面准确地识别小金川半扇门-达维河段干流两岸滑坡隐患,基于SBAS-InSAR技术,通过Sentinel-1升、降轨数据分析结果结合互补的方式对该区域的滑坡隐患进行早期识别。结果显示：1）升、降轨数据结合有效减小了阴影叠掩区干扰,能够较全面地识别出两岸岸坡长期蠕变的隐患点;2）Sentinel-1降轨处理得到LOS向形变速率为-120~10 mm/a,升轨处理得到的形变速率为-131~10 mm/a;3）基于形变结果识别出35处滑坡隐患点,其中8处为典型滑坡隐患点。重点分析两处滑坡隐患点的形变特征并进行现场复核显示,坡体上道路错断明显,在形变区域发育有裂隙并导致地台发生错动,验证了坡体处于长期蠕变状态。     

Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation for the Protection of Earthen Dikes and Embankments Under Surface Runoff: Laboratory Investigations

Earthen structures such as shore protection dikes and river embankments easily suffer from erosion under surface water runoff.This study made experimental efforts to explore the enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)method for slope erosion control under surface runoff for earthen structures.The sandy soils were treated by the EICP method for various rounds.Surface characteristics were evaluated by the surface penetration resistance,calcium carbonate content,and surface hard crust thickness of EICP-treated soils.Slope runoff erosion experiments were carried out to evaluate the erosion control performances of the EICP treatment.The surface penetration resistance,calcium carbonate content,and surface hard crust thickness were found to significantly increase with the treatment rounds.In the erosion experiments,it was observed that the level of damages decreased and the water flow volume required to trigger the damage increased with more treatments.The increase in the soil slope angle led to more serious surface damages.The amount and rate that the soil particles were eroded from the slope surfaces declined with more EICP treatments,which was consistent with those of visual observations.The preliminary investigations presented in this study have shown the potential of the EICP method for slope erosion control under surface runoff for earthen structures.     

库布齐沙漠沙柳无性快速培育技术对比研究

沙柳是库布齐沙漠重要的生物与生态资源之一。通过对沙柳扦插苗进行生根粉（ABT）、保水剂、有机肥和‘四枝一穴’栽植密度的不同处理后,连续3 a对其高生长、基径生长、生物量及平茬后枝条萌发数进行了测定。对测定结果的分析发现：与对照相比,四种处理都能够不同程度地提高沙柳的高生长、基径生长、生物量及平茬后枝条萌发数量。其中保水剂的作用最好,使沙柳的成活率、平茬后的枝条数和生物量分别提高了61.0%,70.4%和71.4%。     

基于网络药理学探讨益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭的作用机制

目的：运用网络药理学方法分析郭维琴教授经验方益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭的潜在作用机制。方法：借助TCMSP、SwissTargetPrediction、DrugBank等数据库,检索益气泻肺汤主要药物的活性成分作用靶点;利用GeneCards、DrugBank、DisGeNET等数据库检索慢性心力衰竭的相关靶点;借助Cytoscape 3.2.1软件构建益气泻肺汤活性成分靶点-慢性心力衰竭疾病靶点网络;通过基因本体（GO）功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析预测益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭的潜在分子生物过程和信号通路。结果：筛选得到益气泻肺汤活性成分靶点795个,慢性心力衰竭疾病靶点356个,取交集得到94个关键靶点,构建益气泻肺汤活性成分靶点-慢性心力衰竭疾病靶点网络,得到肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、肿瘤抑制蛋白（TP53）、内皮素1（EDN19）、沉默调节蛋白1（SIRT1）、血管紧张素原（AGT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、类胰岛素生长因子（IGF1）、连环蛋白（CTNNB1）8个核心靶点,此为益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭的重要潜在靶点;GO 功能和KEGG 通路富集分析显示益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭可能的潜在通路主要有钙信号通路、肾素分泌等。结论：本研究初步揭示了益气泻肺汤有效成分通过多靶点调控、参与多种信息通路和生物学过程治疗慢性心力衰竭的作用机制。