库岸塌岸防治工程施工监理实践

湖北省三峡库区兴山县高阳镇库岸塌岸防治工程是三峡库区地质灾害首批治理的重点．在实施过程中实行专业监理,有效地控制了工程质量、进度、投资,受到了国务院三峡库区地质灾害防治工作领导小组专家组的好评。本文结合防治工程特点对工程监理组织机构、监理工作内容等进行了有益的探索和实践。     

Imaging-Based Characterization of Perthite in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Tight Sandstone of the Ordos Basin,China

This work investigated the element distribution of perthite from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstone in the Ordos Basin of northern China by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). FE-SEM results indicate significant differences in the morphology of Na-rich feldspar when K-rich feldspar is the main component of the perthite. EDS results show that different types of perthite have clearly defined differences on different element indexes. Additionally, indexes such as average-weight-K(K-rich)/Na(Na-rich), maximumweight-K(Na-rich)/Na(Na-rich) and average-atomic-K(K-rich)/Na(Na-rich) might be the most effective ones to identify perthite types. Perthite is divided into six main types, i.e., perthite with thick parallel stripe distribution, with thin parallel stripe distribution, with lumpy stripe distribution, with dendritic stripe distribution, with encircling stripe distribution, and with mixed stripe distribution.     

Responses of Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to N,P, and Acid Additions in Mixed Forest in Subtropical China

Understanding how nitrogen (N) availability interacts with soil acidity and phosphorus (P) availability to affect soil-atmosphere exchanges in CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O in forest ecosystems is important for understanding the mechanisms driving ecosystem responses to enhanced N deposition. Here, we conducted an experiment with N, P and acid (H) addition in a mixed forest in subtropical China to investigate how acid and P addition affects CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O exchange under N addition. Our results showed that soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N increased after N addition, but CO₂ emissions in N addition plots remained unaffected. CH₄ uptake in N-, P-, NP-, NH- and NPH-addition plots were reduced by 21.1%, 15.7%, 39.1%, 26.6%, and 28.4%, respectively. CH₄ uptake in NP-addition plots were lower compared to N-addition and P-addition plots, indicating that N and P addition had an additive effect on inhibiting CH₄ uptake. N₂O emission in N-, NP-, NH- and NPH-addition plots increased by 158.6%, 176.0%, 117.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. N₂O emissions in NPH-addition plots were lower compared to NP-addition plots while showed no difference between N-addition and NH-addition plots. This suggests that only under P rich conditions, acid addition would greatly mitigate N₂O emissions under N addition. Our results demonstrate that for N and P co-limited forest ecosystems with acidic soils, low P availability constrains the inhibition of soil CH₄ uptake by N deposition. When P availability is low, a weak soil acidation induced by N deposition may have less influence on the stimulation of N₂O emissions by N deposition.     

地下开采引起围岩间断面变形特征的软材料小模型研究

为了研究地下开采引起围岩变形和断层活化现象,文章采用一种软材料的小模型进行地下开采间断面变形的模拟。模型中通过模拟一个矩形地下采区上方围岩的变形来研究一个水平间断面发生活化后的弯曲现象。模拟结果表明,间断面上的剪切位移分布具有"双峰"的特征或规律。这种分布特征或规律,得到了数值模拟结果的验证。同时,也证明了该方法的有效性。该方法最大的优点是,可以用小尺寸模型有效模拟在自重体积力作用下开挖引起的围岩变形现象,具有实验装置简单、实验用时短、操作方便、实验成本低等诸多优点,是一种值得推广的物理模拟方法。      

First Discovery of Gold Ore Bodies in the Lieryu Formation of the Liaohe Group in the Liaodong Area, China

<正>Objective Numerous large deposits of lead–zinc,gold,boron,magnesite,and talc are distributed throughout the Liaodong area,within different layers of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe Group.The Liaohe Group comprises five formations as follows(from bottom to top).The Langzishan Formation consists of volcaniclastic rocks     

吉林省舒兰市长安堡钼(铜)矿床成矿岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义

为查明吉中地区典型斑岩型矿床矿化特征及成矿规律,对长安堡铜钼矿床地质特征和成矿岩体进行了研究.该矿床成矿岩体为黑云母二长花岗岩.岩石主量、微量及稀土元素组成特征为：高硅,全碱含量不高,富钾,Al₂O₃含量较高,TiO₂含量较低,贫Y和Yb,相对富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,而高场强元素（HFSE）、重稀土元素含量（RREE）相对较低,具负Eu异常,（La/Yb）_N值较高,2件未蚀变样品具有较低的（Rb/La）_N值,与我国东北部地区岛弧钙碱性火成岩地球化学特征基本一致.     

青海循化盆地新近纪磁性地层学

青藏高原东北部是研究高原隆升和东亚季风演化的重要地区.通过对青藏高原东北部循化盆地西沟剖面新近纪河湖相沉积的磁性地层学研究, 建立了西沟剖面约14.6~5.0 Ma沉积物的磁极性年代框架.沉积相的分析表明, 循化盆地在约14.6~5.0 Ma期间总体上处于充填萎缩阶段.西沟剖面巨厚层砾岩首次出现的时间约为7.3 Ma前, 应是青藏高原东北部快速隆升的沉积响应.这与青藏高原在约8.0 Ma前快速隆升的时间相近, 进一步说明约8.0 Ma前青藏高原的构造隆升具有准同时性.      

龙门山山前疑似汶川M_S 8.0地震地表破裂的浅层地震反射调查

2008年5月12日发生在龙门山构造带的汶川MS8.0大地震是映秀-北川断裂突发错动的结果。此次地震不但使NE向的映秀-北川断裂和灌县-江油断裂发生了地表破裂,而且,在成都平原区的什邡、绵竹等地也出现了不同程度的地表裂缝、公路拱曲以及带状的喷砂冒水现象。此项探测研究以出现在什邡市师古镇附近的疑似地震地表破裂带为切入点,通过采用可控震源以及高精度的浅层地震反射勘探方法,获得了深度15～800m范围内高分辨率的地下结构和构造图像。结果表明,在地表破裂之下存在向平原区逆冲的隐伏断层和反向的逆冲断层,地震过程中隐伏逆断层的活动可能是近地表地层出现褶皱变形和地表破裂的主要原因     

2008年10月5日新疆乌恰6．8级地震损失评估和震害调查

2008年10月5日新疆乌恰县发生Ms6．8地震,震中烈度为Ⅷ度（境外）,我国境内最高烈度为Ⅶ度,灾区强震台网中吉根乡强震台记录水平加速度为141gal。地震存我国境内没有造成人员伤亡,未对公路、桥梁、通信、输电等生命线工程造成严重破坏,仅造成个别民宅倒塌,部分民宅、棚圈及校舍、卫生院等部分公房遭破坏。按照地震现场工作标准的原则和方法进行抽样调查、统计计算,得出本次地震在我国境内造成的直接经济损失6728．40万元,恢复重建的经费需要17872．01万元。     

基于"承载复合体"的隧道位移反分析研究

初期支护与松动圈围岩的协调作用表现出很大的不确定性,其主要影响因素包括:初期支护施工本身导致初期支护的不均匀性,实际围岩的不确定性对初期支护的影响,围岩释放应力的不均匀性导致的初期支护内力分布的不确定性。文章把初期支护的支护和围岩自身自稳能力看成是双介质的承载复合体,采用最小二乘法建立目标函数,结合单纯形算法,进行初期支护与扰动区的联合位移反分析,充分揭示了初期支护与围岩松动圈之间的协调作用;结合实际工程与不考虑初期支护不确定性因素影响的反演分析进行对比,结果显示本文方法反演精度提高39％,预测精度提高了13％。