江南造山带西段桂北四堡地区830 Ma辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征及其岩石成因研究

本次研究对象为江南造山带西段桂北四堡地区新元古代辉长岩,主要由斜长石和单斜辉石组成,含有少量的橄榄石和钛铁氧化物,表明在岩浆演化过程中发生了斜长石和单斜辉石以及少量橄榄石的分离结晶作用。辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb谐和年龄为(830±7)Ma,指示其侵位年龄约为830 Ma。全岩具有低SiO₂含量(48.46%~53.99%)、高MgO含量(9.27%~25.22%)、Mg^#值较高(62~79)的特征。辉长岩为钙碱性系列岩石,其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化和微量元素原始地幔标准化与典型的弧岩浆相似,具有相对富集轻稀土元素((La/Yb)_N=2.2~3.7,(La/Sm)_N=2.5~2.9)和大离子亲石元素,明显的高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti)亏损的特征,还具有较高的Th/Nb比值(0.7~0.8)和低Nb/La比值(0.4~0.6)。辉长岩具有负的ε_Nd(t)值(-6.3~-3.0)和正的ε_Hf(t)值(8.0~12.1),指示其源区为亏损地幔,但有富集组分加入。结合区域地质特征,推测辉长岩形成于活动大陆边缘俯冲构造背景,起源于受沉积物流体交代了的楔地幔。     

天山末次冰期以来干旱化过程的冰川证据

依据天山7个有确切年代学资料的典型地区进行冰川面积和平衡线高度等重建,揭示天山地区末次冰期以来冰川经历的扩张和收缩过程。冰川规模在MIS 4~MIS 3大幅度扩张,形成大规模的复合型山谷冰川和山麓冰川;MIS 2冰川扩张显著,但远不及MIS 4~MIS 3,许多山区形成大型山谷冰川;全新世新冰期NG和小冰期LIA都略有扩张,冰碛垄分布在现代冰川外围,冰川类型与现在一致。冰川平衡线高度的降幅亦表现为MIS 4~MIS 3最大,MIS 2以后降幅递减。MIS 4~MIS 3天山冰川大规模扩张与欧亚冰盖演化,巨大冰前湖泊、广阔的湿地的形成为西风提供更多水气带到天山有关;MIS 2至今,随着欧亚冰盖减小到消失,西风带来的水气渐少,干冷的蒙古高压逐渐加强,制约了冰川规模扩张。     

甘肃敦煌旅游业与城市发展协调性及趋势分析

利用甘肃省敦煌市1987—2012年的社会经济统计数据,将信息熵赋权法和TOPSIS评价法相结合,对敦煌旅游业与城市发展协调性进行测算,并借助ARIMA模型预测短期内协调性发展状态和趋势。1987—2012年敦煌旅游业与城市发展协调性呈持续递增的态势,协调系数由1987年的0.134增长到2012年的0.933,增幅较大,说明二者发展保持着良性互动、协调发展的状态。ARIMA模型的预测结果显示,2013—2017年协调性将继续优化,保持和谐互动的发展势头。敦煌旅游业与城市发展协调性的不断优化,与其所处的发展环境、政策机遇密切相关。西部大开发战略、敦煌水资源合理利用和生态保护综合规划、华夏文明传承保护创新实验区规划的实施以及丝绸之路经济带的建设成为敦煌旅游业与城市发展的动力和机遇。     

某高校GIS毕业生来源地与去向地的空间关联模式

以湖北省某高校2007～2011年地理信息系统专业毕业生数据为基础,采用空间挖掘方法研究毕业生来源地和就业地之间的若干强空间关联性,置信度普遍超过70％.通过对关联规则结果的深入分析,得到该校GIS专业学生在选择就业地时的倾向,一定程度反映出相关省份在GIS行业的需求和发展趋势.     

Geologic, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints on Mechanisms of Ore Deposition at the Datuanshan Copper Deposit, Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley, Eastern China

The Datuanshan deposit is one of the largest and most representative stratabound copper deposits in the Tongling area,the largest ore district in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt.The location of the orebodies is controlled by the interlayer-slipping faults between the Triassic and Permian strata,and all the orebodies are distributed in stratiform shape around the Mesozoic quartz monzodiorite dikes.Based on field evidence and petrographic observations,four mineralization stages in the Datuanshan deposit have been identified:the skarn,early quartz-sulfide,late quartzsulfide and carbonate stages.Chalcopytite is the main copper mineral and mainly formed at the late quartz-sulfide stage.Fluid inclusions at different stages were studied for petrography,microthermometry,laser Raman spectrometry and stable isotopes.Four types of fluid inclusions,including three-phase fluid inclusions(type 1),liquid-rich fluid inclusions(type 2),vapour-rich fluid inclusions(type 3) and pure vapour fluid inclusions(type 4),were observed.The minerals from the skarn,early and late quartz-sulfide stages contain all fluid inclusion types,but only type 2 fluid inclusions were observed at the carbonate stage.Petrographic observations suggest that most of the inclusions studied in this paper are likely primary.The coexistence of different types of fluid inclusions with contrasting homogenization characteristics(to the liquid and vapour phase,respectively) and similar homogenization temperatures(the modes are 440-480℃,380-400℃ and 280-320℃ for the skarn,early and late quartz-sulfide stages,respectively) in the first three stages,strongly suggests that three episodes of fluid boiling occurred during these stages,which is supported by the hydrogen isotope data.Laser Raman spectra identified CH_4 at the skarn and early quartz-sulfide stages.Combined with other geological features,the early ore-forming fluids were inferred to be under a relatively reduced environment.The CO_2 component has been identified at the late quartz-sulfide and carbonate stages,indicating that the late ore-forming fluids were under a relatively oxidized environment,probably as a result of inflow of and mixing with meteoric water.In addition,microthermometric results of fluid inclusions and H-O isotope data mdicate that the ore forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water in the early stages(skarn and early quartz-sulfide stages) and mixed with meteoric water in the late stages(late quartz-sulfide and carbonate stages).The evidence listed above suggests that the chalcopyrite deposition in the Datuanshan deposit probably resulted from the combination of multiepisode fluid boiling and mixing of magmatic and meteoric water.     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的小金川两岸滑坡隐患识别

为全面准确地识别小金川半扇门-达维河段干流两岸滑坡隐患,基于SBAS-InSAR技术,通过Sentinel-1升、降轨数据分析结果结合互补的方式对该区域的滑坡隐患进行早期识别。结果显示：1）升、降轨数据结合有效减小了阴影叠掩区干扰,能够较全面地识别出两岸岸坡长期蠕变的隐患点;2）Sentinel-1降轨处理得到LOS向形变速率为-120~10 mm/a,升轨处理得到的形变速率为-131~10 mm/a;3）基于形变结果识别出35处滑坡隐患点,其中8处为典型滑坡隐患点。重点分析两处滑坡隐患点的形变特征并进行现场复核显示,坡体上道路错断明显,在形变区域发育有裂隙并导致地台发生错动,验证了坡体处于长期蠕变状态。     

Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation for the Protection of Earthen Dikes and Embankments Under Surface Runoff: Laboratory Investigations

Earthen structures such as shore protection dikes and river embankments easily suffer from erosion under surface water runoff.This study made experimental efforts to explore the enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)method for slope erosion control under surface runoff for earthen structures.The sandy soils were treated by the EICP method for various rounds.Surface characteristics were evaluated by the surface penetration resistance,calcium carbonate content,and surface hard crust thickness of EICP-treated soils.Slope runoff erosion experiments were carried out to evaluate the erosion control performances of the EICP treatment.The surface penetration resistance,calcium carbonate content,and surface hard crust thickness were found to significantly increase with the treatment rounds.In the erosion experiments,it was observed that the level of damages decreased and the water flow volume required to trigger the damage increased with more treatments.The increase in the soil slope angle led to more serious surface damages.The amount and rate that the soil particles were eroded from the slope surfaces declined with more EICP treatments,which was consistent with those of visual observations.The preliminary investigations presented in this study have shown the potential of the EICP method for slope erosion control under surface runoff for earthen structures.     

河北省衡水市地质灾害分布特征及其成因分析

自20世纪70年代以来,河北省衡水市相继出现了地面沉降、地裂缝及咸水入侵等地质灾害,给当地人民造成了一定的经济损失。本文对衡水市地面沉降、地裂缝及咸水入侵等灾害的分布特征及危害作了较系统地阐述,分析产生这些灾害的主要原因为超量开采深层地下水。在此基础上,对防治上述地质灾害进一步发展提出了措施建议。     

库布齐沙漠沙柳无性快速培育技术对比研究

沙柳是库布齐沙漠重要的生物与生态资源之一。通过对沙柳扦插苗进行生根粉（ABT）、保水剂、有机肥和‘四枝一穴’栽植密度的不同处理后,连续3 a对其高生长、基径生长、生物量及平茬后枝条萌发数进行了测定。对测定结果的分析发现：与对照相比,四种处理都能够不同程度地提高沙柳的高生长、基径生长、生物量及平茬后枝条萌发数量。其中保水剂的作用最好,使沙柳的成活率、平茬后的枝条数和生物量分别提高了61.0%,70.4%和71.4%。     

基于网络药理学探讨益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭的作用机制

目的：运用网络药理学方法分析郭维琴教授经验方益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭的潜在作用机制。方法：借助TCMSP、SwissTargetPrediction、DrugBank等数据库,检索益气泻肺汤主要药物的活性成分作用靶点;利用GeneCards、DrugBank、DisGeNET等数据库检索慢性心力衰竭的相关靶点;借助Cytoscape 3.2.1软件构建益气泻肺汤活性成分靶点-慢性心力衰竭疾病靶点网络;通过基因本体（GO）功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析预测益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭的潜在分子生物过程和信号通路。结果：筛选得到益气泻肺汤活性成分靶点795个,慢性心力衰竭疾病靶点356个,取交集得到94个关键靶点,构建益气泻肺汤活性成分靶点-慢性心力衰竭疾病靶点网络,得到肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、肿瘤抑制蛋白（TP53）、内皮素1（EDN19）、沉默调节蛋白1（SIRT1）、血管紧张素原（AGT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、类胰岛素生长因子（IGF1）、连环蛋白（CTNNB1）8个核心靶点,此为益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭的重要潜在靶点;GO 功能和KEGG 通路富集分析显示益气泻肺汤治疗慢性心力衰竭可能的潜在通路主要有钙信号通路、肾素分泌等。结论：本研究初步揭示了益气泻肺汤有效成分通过多靶点调控、参与多种信息通路和生物学过程治疗慢性心力衰竭的作用机制。