青海南部蛇绿岩中辉长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征

青海南部蛇绿岩呈构造岩片产于晚三叠世浅变质细碎屑岩中.扎河地区出露的辉长岩为蛇绿岩的组成单元,属低钾拉斑系列,其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(239.8±3.1)Ma,表明岩石形成于中三叠世早期.地球化学特征上,岩石富MgO、Al2O3,低K2O、TiO2;REE总量低,(La/Yb)N=1.10～4.40,LREE略显富集,δEu=1.50～2.41,具有明显正铕异常;大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr、Th、U)富集、高场强元素(Nb、Zr、Ti)亏损,反映岩浆源区曾遭受到俯冲组分的影响.综合分析认为,扎河辉长岩岩石具有板内和弧岩浆岩的双重属性,其形成环境为弧后盆地,表明中三叠世早期巴颜喀拉盆地发生过一次拉张事件.在区域上,它是甘孜-理塘蛇绿岩的组成部分.     

库岸塌岸防治工程施工监理实践

湖北省三峡库区兴山县高阳镇库岸塌岸防治工程是三峡库区地质灾害首批治理的重点．在实施过程中实行专业监理,有效地控制了工程质量、进度、投资,受到了国务院三峡库区地质灾害防治工作领导小组专家组的好评。本文结合防治工程特点对工程监理组织机构、监理工作内容等进行了有益的探索和实践。     

Imaging-Based Characterization of Perthite in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Tight Sandstone of the Ordos Basin,China

This work investigated the element distribution of perthite from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstone in the Ordos Basin of northern China by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). FE-SEM results indicate significant differences in the morphology of Na-rich feldspar when K-rich feldspar is the main component of the perthite. EDS results show that different types of perthite have clearly defined differences on different element indexes. Additionally, indexes such as average-weight-K(K-rich)/Na(Na-rich), maximumweight-K(Na-rich)/Na(Na-rich) and average-atomic-K(K-rich)/Na(Na-rich) might be the most effective ones to identify perthite types. Perthite is divided into six main types, i.e., perthite with thick parallel stripe distribution, with thin parallel stripe distribution, with lumpy stripe distribution, with dendritic stripe distribution, with encircling stripe distribution, and with mixed stripe distribution.     

Responses of Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes to N,P, and Acid Additions in Mixed Forest in Subtropical China

Understanding how nitrogen (N) availability interacts with soil acidity and phosphorus (P) availability to affect soil-atmosphere exchanges in CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O in forest ecosystems is important for understanding the mechanisms driving ecosystem responses to enhanced N deposition. Here, we conducted an experiment with N, P and acid (H) addition in a mixed forest in subtropical China to investigate how acid and P addition affects CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O exchange under N addition. Our results showed that soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N increased after N addition, but CO₂ emissions in N addition plots remained unaffected. CH₄ uptake in N-, P-, NP-, NH- and NPH-addition plots were reduced by 21.1%, 15.7%, 39.1%, 26.6%, and 28.4%, respectively. CH₄ uptake in NP-addition plots were lower compared to N-addition and P-addition plots, indicating that N and P addition had an additive effect on inhibiting CH₄ uptake. N₂O emission in N-, NP-, NH- and NPH-addition plots increased by 158.6%, 176.0%, 117.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. N₂O emissions in NPH-addition plots were lower compared to NP-addition plots while showed no difference between N-addition and NH-addition plots. This suggests that only under P rich conditions, acid addition would greatly mitigate N₂O emissions under N addition. Our results demonstrate that for N and P co-limited forest ecosystems with acidic soils, low P availability constrains the inhibition of soil CH₄ uptake by N deposition. When P availability is low, a weak soil acidation induced by N deposition may have less influence on the stimulation of N₂O emissions by N deposition.     

地下开采引起围岩间断面变形特征的软材料小模型研究

为了研究地下开采引起围岩变形和断层活化现象,文章采用一种软材料的小模型进行地下开采间断面变形的模拟。模型中通过模拟一个矩形地下采区上方围岩的变形来研究一个水平间断面发生活化后的弯曲现象。模拟结果表明,间断面上的剪切位移分布具有"双峰"的特征或规律。这种分布特征或规律,得到了数值模拟结果的验证。同时,也证明了该方法的有效性。该方法最大的优点是,可以用小尺寸模型有效模拟在自重体积力作用下开挖引起的围岩变形现象,具有实验装置简单、实验用时短、操作方便、实验成本低等诸多优点,是一种值得推广的物理模拟方法。      

First Discovery of Gold Ore Bodies in the Lieryu Formation of the Liaohe Group in the Liaodong Area, China

<正>Objective Numerous large deposits of lead–zinc,gold,boron,magnesite,and talc are distributed throughout the Liaodong area,within different layers of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe Group.The Liaohe Group comprises five formations as follows(from bottom to top).The Langzishan Formation consists of volcaniclastic rocks     

乌拉特后旗测老庙坳陷早白垩世古流向分析

位于狼山以北的测老庙地区是内蒙古西部巴音戈壁盆地群东部边缘的次级坳陷,面积850 km~2,沉积主体为白垩纪陆相碎屑岩。在目前能够搜集到的所有资料(包括内部资料)中,前人在该坳陷内的沉积相模式分析以及水文地质研究等工作均认为:测老庙坳陷下白垩统巴音戈壁组的物源区主要是坳陷东南侧的狼山,这意味着狼山在早白垩世就已经隆起。几十年内,这个模式一直作为指导思想影响着该地区找矿勘探方向,但找矿效果均不佳,造成了极大的财力、物力和人力资源的浪费。笔者等认为是这一模型存在问题,因为早白垩世巴音戈壁期狼山尚未隆起,无法充当测老庙坳陷的主要物源区。在沉积盆地分析中,利用古流向判别沉积岩的物源区方位是一种非常简便、有效的研究方法,然而笔者等未找到前人在本研究区进行该项工作的记录。笔者等在测老庙坳陷露头区对巴音戈壁组碎屑岩进行了大规模的古流向测量工作:寻找发育波痕和前积纹层等沉积构造为主的露头48处,并依46组前积纹层和5组波痕测得共计51组数据,利用野外现场恢复和室内赤平投影的方法恢复其原始古流向,最终用玫瑰花图和古流向分布图展示测老庙坳陷早白垩世古流向格局。分析结果表明,测老庙坳陷在早白垩世巴音戈壁期的古流向以自北向南为主,向SE、SW两个方向对称递减,集中分布在140°~210°的范围内,甚至在紧靠狼山的区域,古流向垂直指向狼山山脉延伸方向。据此可以判断:狼山不是巴音戈壁组碎屑岩的主要物源区,狼山最早也应在早白垩世巴音戈壁末期之后才可能隆起。这一研究结果为测老庙地区早白垩世沉积岩相关矿产的勘探开发提供了重要的科学依据,为狼山隆起时代的研究提供了重要的突破点,同时也为沉积岩的古流向测量、恢复与物源区分析提供了成功的范例。     

吉林省舒兰市长安堡钼(铜)矿床成矿岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义

为查明吉中地区典型斑岩型矿床矿化特征及成矿规律,对长安堡铜钼矿床地质特征和成矿岩体进行了研究.该矿床成矿岩体为黑云母二长花岗岩.岩石主量、微量及稀土元素组成特征为：高硅,全碱含量不高,富钾,Al₂O₃含量较高,TiO₂含量较低,贫Y和Yb,相对富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,而高场强元素（HFSE）、重稀土元素含量（RREE）相对较低,具负Eu异常,（La/Yb）_N值较高,2件未蚀变样品具有较低的（Rb/La）_N值,与我国东北部地区岛弧钙碱性火成岩地球化学特征基本一致.     

青海循化盆地新近纪磁性地层学

青藏高原东北部是研究高原隆升和东亚季风演化的重要地区.通过对青藏高原东北部循化盆地西沟剖面新近纪河湖相沉积的磁性地层学研究, 建立了西沟剖面约14.6~5.0 Ma沉积物的磁极性年代框架.沉积相的分析表明, 循化盆地在约14.6~5.0 Ma期间总体上处于充填萎缩阶段.西沟剖面巨厚层砾岩首次出现的时间约为7.3 Ma前, 应是青藏高原东北部快速隆升的沉积响应.这与青藏高原在约8.0 Ma前快速隆升的时间相近, 进一步说明约8.0 Ma前青藏高原的构造隆升具有准同时性.      

中国能源资源开发的时空格局与潜力评价(英文)

The issue of China's energy supply security is not only the key problem which affects China's rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century,but also the one which international attention focuses on.Based on the notable characteristic of spatial imbalance between energy production and consumption in China,this paper takes the evolution of China's primary energy resources development(excluding hydropower) from 1949 to 2007 as the study object,with the aim to sum up the evolutive characteristics and laws of China's energy resources development in the past nearly 60 years.Then,based on comprehensive considerations of coal's,oil's and natural gas's basic reserves,qualities,geological conditions,production status,and ecological service function of every province,this paper adopts development potential index(DP)to evaluate the development potential of every province's energy resources,and divide them into different ranks.Conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) Generally speaking,China's gross energy production was increasing in waves from 1949 to 2007.From the viewpoint of spatial patterns,China's energy resources development has shown a characteristic of "concentrating to the north and central areas,and evolving from linear-shaped to "T-shaped" pattern gradually since 1949.(2) The structure evolution of China's energy resources development in general has shown a trend of "coal proportion is dominant but decreasing,while oil and gas proportions are increasing" since 1949.(3) At the provincial scale,China's energy resources development potential could be divided into large,sub-large,general and small ranks,four in all.In the future,the spatial pattern of China's energy production will evolve from "T-shaped" to "∏-shaped pattern".These conclusions will help to clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics and laws of China's energy resources development,and will be beneficial for China to design scientific and rational energy development strategies and plans,coordinate spatial imbalance of energy production and consumption,ensure national energy supply,avoid energy resources waste and disorderly development,and promote regional sustainable development under the globalization background with changeful international energy market.