Initiation and Development of the Late Cenozoic Uplift of Daluo Mountains, Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Daluo Mountains lie at front of the arcuate tectonic belt at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and are the landform boundary zone between the active Tibetan Plateau and the stable North China Craton. Studying of the late Cenozoic uplift evolution of Daluo Mountains is important for understanding the expansion mechanism of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its influence on the western North China Craton. In this study, the late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains is constructed from the development of the late Cenozoic alluvial fan around Daluo Mountains. The entire sedimentary sequence and framework of the fan was revealed by the newly obtained drilling core data. The cosmogenic nuclide, optically stimulated luminescence, and detrital zircon U-Pb dating results provide new evidences for discussion about the initial timing of the late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains and the key stages of uplift during the Pleistocene. The late Cenozoic alluvial fan at front of Daluo Mountains overlies a set of fluvial-facies strata; therefore, development of the alluvial-fan marks the start of late Cenozoic uplift of Daluo Mountains. The timing of this event can be constrained to ~4.64 Ma. Two extensive gravel layers (dated to ca. 0.76–0.6 Ma and ~0.05 Ma) developed during the Pleistocene, indicating two episodes of considerable uplift. This study provides a new time scale for the uplift and expansion of the arcuate tectonic belt at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.     

河北开滦矿区晚古生代煤对CH_4/CO_2二元气体等温解吸特性

研究了河北开滦矿区不同变质程度的煤对不同配比CH4/CO2二元气体等温解吸特性,并用扩展Langmuir方程的推论计算了CH4/CO2二元气体各组分在吸附相中的浓度,分析了其变化特征。结果表明:在开滦矿区煤对CH4/CO2二元气体解吸过程中,中等变质程度煤(Ro=1.21%)对混合气体的吸附能力大于低变质程度煤(Ro=0.58%),且混合气体中CO2浓度越大,总吸附量越多。吸附相中CH4的相对浓度是逐渐降低的,CO2的相对浓度是逐渐升高的。开滦矿区中等变质程度煤相对于低变质程度煤,用CO2气体置换煤层中CH4,可以获得较高的单位压降CH4解吸率,注入CO2的量越多、相对浓度越高,其置换效果就越好,更适于往煤层注入CO2提高煤层气产量技术的实施。     

北京利用土地处理技术将再生水回补地下水可行性探讨

本文从北京市再生水的现状．土地处理技术的理论、国外已经开展再生水土地处理后回补地下水含水层的实践,以及北京的实际条件出发,分析了在北京开展再生水通过土地处理技术后,回补地下水含水层试验的可行性。     

Stratigraphic Framework of the Cryogenian in China

The Cryogenian is a critical period in the history of the Earth. It is marked by multiple extreme climate changes that caused alternating global glacial and interglacial intervals. These dramatically changed the sedimentary system, and metal ores and source rocks distributed widely during this period. Therefore, studying the Cryogenian stratigraphic framework and sedimentary basins is important to improve the stratigraphic resolution for metal mineral and hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration in China. This review paper firstly divides three tectonic-stratigraphic regions in China in the Cryogenian, including the tectonic-stratigraphic regions of Great South China, Xingmeng-Tarim, and North China. Secondly, geochronologic data and geological records are combined to clearly depict the Cryogenian sedimentary sequence of continental blocks and micro-continental blocks in different tectonic-stratigraphic regions. The results were used to propose a new comparison scheme of stratigraphy for the Cryogenian in China. Finally, according to differences of sedimentary evolution and tectonic evolvement, sedimentary basins and their lithofacies paleogeography are identified and summarized, respectively.     

中国海域表层沉积物分布规律及沉积分异模式

中国海域拥有宽广的大陆架，同时还有陆坡和深海盆，有众多河流入海并输入巨量的陆源物质，沉积物记录了海陆变迁、环流变化、海平面升降、物质输送和气候变化等环境信息。沉积物的粒度特征可以反映沉积动力、物质来源和搬运距离等，可以通过沉积物粒度组成、参数及各种图解来研究沉积环境的变化。前人对中国海域表层沉积物的粒度分布特征展开了大量的研究，取得了丰富的研究成果，但这些研究多集中在某一海域或区域，缺乏对整个中国海域的表层沉积物类型的宏观系统认识。本文基于中国地质调查局“1：100万海洋区域地质调查项目”获取了中国海域4300个海底表层沉积物样品，通过沉积物粒度分析，结合前人已发表资料，对中国海域表层沉积物的沉积类型特征、物质来源和运移模式等开展了系统的研究。本文把浅海和半深海沉积物按照含砾石和不含砾石主要划分出5个和7个沉积物类型，深海沉积物主要划分了9个沉积类型，研究结果表明：中国海域表层沉积物沉积类型多样、来源复杂，主要受控于物质来源、水动力条件和地形地貌的变化，在东部海域总体呈现“大江大河-宽缓陆架-残留慢速沉积”的条带状沉积分异模式，而在南部海域呈现的是“短源性河流-多类型陆架-重力流快速沉积”的环带状沉积分异模式。本文的结果对研究中国海域沉积物的宏观分布规律提供了基础资料，对理解海洋沉积动力过程具有重要意义，同时沉积物粒度的特征对海底砂矿分布也具有指示意义。     

兴岭滑坡治理工程事故原因分析

兴岭滑坡发生于1998年3月，为防止边坡再次滑动，需要对滑坡体进行加固治理。由于强降雨和人为因素，在治理工程施工过程中滑坡体发生滑动，造成了比较严重的工程事故。介绍了兴岭滑坡治理工程概况、事故情况，对兴岭滑坡治理工程施工过程中造成挡土墙倾覆的具体原因进行了稳定性理论分析，根据工程所处的水文、地质环境剖析了设计、施工存在的问题。     

试论监理在地质灾害治理工程中的控制作用

目前三峡水库区地质灾害治理正大规模地分期实施，监理作为治理工程参建的重要一方，如何根据监理理论采取相应的手段及措施，发挥监理工程师对工程“质量、进度、投资”3大目标的控制作用，从而使地质灾害治理工程取得良好的社会效益和经济效益，是值得探讨的重要课题。文章结合三峡水库区Ⅱ期地质灾害治理工程监理实践经验，就监理在治理工程中的控制作用分别从“质量、进度、投资”等方面进行了较详细地探讨。最后指出，与其它建设工程一样，监理在地质灾害治理工程中发挥着其他任何一方不可替代的作用。同时提出地质灾害治理工程中尚存在“监理取费偏低，监理人员的专业配置不合理，未对监理人员针对地质灾害工程的特点专门培训”等急需解决的问题。     

The harmonious relationship between land use and environment in Xi’an

In this paper we adopt annual land use conditions change data, land sifting data, social, economic and population data and environment information of nine districts and four counties in Xi’an city from 1980 to 2000 to analyze its structural and degree change of land use since the 1980s, and calculate the benefits and transformation of land use type. The results show that the non-agricultural land increased rapidly, especially the urban and rural residential spots and industrial and mining (RIM) land use increased mostly rapidly, an increase of 64%. Meanwhile, the intensity of land exploitation was accelerating, land was transformed to industries with better benefit and areas experiencing faster urbanization process. By analyzing the harmonious degree of land exploitation in economic and environmental aspects, we find out that the land use imbalance mainly existed in the municipal area of Xi’an, and the imbalance index of land use based on GDP and non-agricultural population were respectively 12.37 and 14.67 in 2000, which were far higher than those in other regions. Nevertheless the environmental harmonious degree in the municipal area of Xi’an ranges between 0.6 and 0.8, which was better than that of suburban area. Some proposals addressing to the problems of harmonious level in all scales, resources utilization, projects management and feasibility analysis and intensive urbanization are also put forward.     

深埋隧洞围岩分类方法--JPQ系统

本文以某深埋隧洞围岩分类为例、以著名的巴顿岩体质量分类Q系统为基础,建立了高地应力、高外水压力条件下的围岩分类方法--JPQ系统,经验证该方法在某深埋隧洞围岩分类中适用性好,并可推广使用.     

俄罗斯库页盆地地质、地球物理研究进展

鄂霍茨克海是西太平洋沿岸最北的边缘海,库页盆地是研究该边缘海地质问题最好的窗口.在已有的工作基础上,分析了库页盆地的地球物理场特征;详细讨论了库页盆地的沉积特点、深部结构和地质特征;并对库页盆地地质演化进行了初步的探讨.对库页盆地的研究结果,将对鄂霍茨克海以及中国边缘海盆有很好的帮助和借鉴作用。