基于遗传算法和图论法的生态安全格局构建与优化——以武汉市为例

以武汉市为例,通过分析生态系统服务价值、生态敏感性、景观连通性及生态需求识别武汉市陆地和水域生态源地,利用遗传算法获取最优生态源地。在此基础上,利用最小累积阻力模型（MCR）分别提取陆地和水域生态廊道,将生态源地与生态廊道叠加构建2017年武汉市生态安全格局。研究表明：2017年武汉市生态源地总面积约为1 917.342 km²,其中陆地和水域生态源地面积分别为780.217 km²和1 137.125 km²;利用遗传算法识别的最优陆地和水域生态源地分别为65和32个,所提取的生态廊道总长度为2 305.37 km,其中陆地和水域生态廊道长度分别为1 497.86 km和807.51 km;武汉市生态安全格局呈现“三横、三纵、三团簇”特征。此外,分别新增了8个陆地和水域生态垫脚石及5个生态源地,运用图论法对比优化前后相关指标,发现优化后可构建更完善的生态安全格局,优化方案可行。该生态安全格局构建与优化方法可为高速发展的大都市的生态安全格局研究提供更科学的参考。     

吐鲁番和若羌冬季气溶胶垂直分布的飞机观测分析

利用2019年冬季吐鲁番和2020年冬季若羌共14次完整机载探测气溶胶资料,结合宏观天气资料及大气污染数据,研究飞机爬升或降落阶段两地上空气溶胶粒子数浓度、粒子平均粒径的垂直变化规律,分析不同高度的粒子谱分布特征。结果表明：（1） 两地冬季气溶胶粒子数浓度及粒子直径存在明显差异。在无明显天气过程下,若羌气溶胶粒子数浓度均值（5354·cm^-3）明显高于吐鲁番（3948·cm^-3）;粒子平均粒径来看,均值差异不大,但吐鲁番出现大直径粒子（0.16 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m}）数量高于若羌（0.13 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m}）。2019年12月15日大风后最为明显,粒子直径最大值达到0.21 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m},这与沙尘气溶胶多有关联。从垂直变化情况来看,两地气溶胶粒子数浓度均随高度增加而升高,若羌各层普遍高于吐鲁番,但吐鲁番近地面粒子直径随高度增加有明显下降,若羌整层变化很小。（2） 吐鲁番、若羌气溶胶粒子数浓度和粒子平均粒径受大风、降水等天气过程以及逆温层的影响十分明显。两地高层均主要为输入型气溶胶,低层差异主要是由于吐鲁番地区人为源气溶胶粒子的排放导致的大气环境污染。（3） 吐鲁番、若羌两地粒子谱分布在0.10~3.00 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m}范围内变化趋势大体一致,主要以小粒径为主,谱分布受天气过程影响变化较为明显。（4） 从三模态粒径相似度对比可以得出,无论是吐鲁番还是若羌,在第一模态中数谱分布差异不大,若羌平均相似度为50.330%,略高于吐鲁番46.770%。有明显天气过程时,吐鲁番气溶胶数谱在二、三模态相似度（小于0.020%）急剧下降,而若羌第二模态相似度仍满足置信度95%,但第三模态中变化凸显,相似度不足0.020%。     

Cloud Seedability Study with a Dual-Model System

In this research,a novel dual-model system,one-dimensional stratiform cold cloud model(1DSC) coupled to Weather Research and Forecast(WRF) model(WRF-1DSC for short),was employed to investigate the effects of cloud seeding by silver iodide(AgI) on rain enhancement.Driven by changing environmental conditions extracted from the WRF model,WRF-1DSC could be used to assess the cloud seeding effects quantitatively.The employment of WRF-1DSC,in place of a one-dimensional two-moment cloud seeding model applied to a three-dimensional mesoscale cloud-resolving model,was found to result in massive reduction of computational resources.Numerical experiments with WRF-1DSC were conducted for a real stratiform precipitation event observed on 4-5 July 2004,in Northeast China.A good agreement between the observed and modeled cloud system ensured the ability of WRF-1DSC to simulate the observed precipitation process efficiently.Sensitivity tests were performed with different seeding times,locations,and amounts.Experimental results showed that the optimum seeding effect(defined as the percentage of rain enhancement or rain enhancement rate) could be achieved through proper seeding at locations of maximum cloud water content when the updraft was strong.The optimum seeding effect was found to increase by 5.61% when the cloud was seeded at 5.5 km above ground level around 2300 UTC 4 July 2004,with the maximum AgI mixing ratio(X s) equaling 15 ng kg 1.On the other hand,for an overseeded cloud,a significant reduction occurred in the accumulated precipitation(-12.42%) as X s reached 100 ng kg 1.This study demonstrates the potential of WRF1DSC in determining the optimal AgI seeding strategy in practical operations of precipitation enhancement.     

Variations in the precipitation extremes over the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - By using the gridded 0.25° × 0.25° observation dataset of CN05.1 provided by the China Meteorological Administration, this study...     

Probable causes of the abnormal variations in summer precipitation extremes in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is one of the most significant increasing areas for summer precipitation extremes in China. In this paper,...     

济阳拗陷第三纪玄武岩的Nd—Sr同位素研究

本文报道了济阳拗陷29个第三纪玄武岩的Nd，Sr同位素组成。结果表明，该区早、晚第三纪玄武岩的Nd-Sr同位素组成变化且具有一定的区别：早经三纪玄武岩的εNd值为0．70481－0．70830；晚第三纪玄武央的εNd值为0．1－2．3，^87Sr/^86Sr比值为0．70421－0．70530。鉴于εNd与1/Nd有^87Sr/^86Sr与1／Sr之间不存在相关特征，Nb正异常以及SiO2与MgO，Fe2O3 FeO,P2O5呈负相关，与Al2O3呈正相关，但与K2I为不存在相关特征，因此，地壳混染作用并不是第三纪玄武岩同位素组成变化的主要原因。玄武岩^87Sr/^86Sr比值的升高是由热液蚀变造成的，而εNd值的变化而归因于源区混合。如果热液蚀变作用没有发生，这些玄武岩的所有数据点在Nd-Sr相关图上将可能位于地幔系列内部。这表明第三纪玄武岩主要是由DMM和EMI两个端员组分不同程度混合形成，EMII的贡献是次要的。     

利用Vicon系统进行IMU标定

针对传统IMU标定方法操作复杂、过于依赖转台的问题,本文提出了一种利用Vicon系统进行IMU标定的方法。首先,利用预积分技术将IMU数据与Vicon数据融合,得到IMU残差;然后,将Vicon相邻帧间的状态量相减,得到Vicon残差;最后,将IMU残差和Vicon残差放到同一个状态向量中,并引入边缘化先验信息,建立非线性优化函数,求解得到陀螺仪和加速度计的零偏估计参数。同时本文设计EuRoc数据集测试试验和室内定位对比试验,结果表明,该方法对IMU的标定结果优于传统方法的标定结果,具有更高的精度。     

E+A星系的研究进展

E+A星系的光谱具有很强的巴耳末吸收线,缺乏与恒星形成相关的发射线,将典型的椭圆星系(E)和A型恒星的光谱进行线性组合就能够拟合出这类星系的光谱.它们的颜色、形态、星族年龄等参数介于典型的早型和晚型星系之间.E+A星系近期经历了星暴活动,在星系演化进程中,它们处于晚型到早型的过渡阶段,可能在演变过程中扮演着重要角色.介...     

Precise relative positioning using real tracking data from COMPASS GEO and IGSO satellites

China completed a basic COMPASS navigation network with three Geostationary and three Inclined Geosynchronous satellites in orbit in April 2011. The network has been able to provide preliminary positioning and navigation functions. We first present a quality analysis using 1-week COMPASS measurements collected in Wuhan. Satellite visibility and validity of measurements, carrier-to-noise density ratio and code noise are analyzed. The analysis of multipath combinations shows that the noise level of COMPASS code measurements is higher than that of GPS collected using the same receiver. Second, the results of positioning are presented and analyzed. For the standalone COMPASS solutions, an accuracy of 20 m can be achieved. An accuracy of 3.0 m for the vertical, 1.5 m for the North and about 0.6–0.8 m for the East component is obtained using dual-frequency code only measurements for a short baseline. More importantly, code and phase measurements of the short baseline are processed together to obtain precise relative positioning. Kinematic solutions are then compared with the ground truth. The precision of COMPASS only solutions is better than 2 cm for the North component and 4 cm for the vertical. The standard deviation of the East component is smaller than 1 cm, which is even better than that of the East component of GPS solutions. The accuracy of GPS/COMPASS combination solutions is at least 20 % better than that of GPS alone. Furthermore, the geometry-based residuals of double differenced phase and code measurements are analyzed. The analysis shows that the noise level of un-differenced phase measurements is about 2–4 mm on both B1 and B2 frequencies. For the code measurements, the noise level is less than 0.45 m for B1 CA and about 0.35 m for B2 P code. Many of the COMPASS results presented are very promising and have been obtained for the first time.