Research on heavy metals in Ruditapes philippinarum and soda industry wastes

Heavy metals pollution in Jiaozhou Bay was studied inRuditapes. philippinarum, a bioindicator of seawater pollution. Heavy metals in soda industry wastes “white mud” were also studied. Comparison of microwave digestion method with general digestion method revealed that microwave digestion is superior to general digestion in precision, recovery, digestion speed and efficiency, etc. Cd concentration in HongdaoR. philippinarum samples exceeded the national standard by 0.046 mg/kg, that of Yinghai sample by 0.02 mg/kg, and that of Hongshiya sample by 0.22 mg/kg. Sample Pb concentration in Hongshiya was found to exceed the national standard by 0.02 mg/kg. However the heavy metals concentration inR. philippinarum near the Qingdao Alkaline Factory was complied with the standard. This was proved byPenaeus chinensis culture experiment. Therefore, the possible contamination source may come from other land areas. This study is supported by Project 973 (NO.2002CB 412402), and key project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant NO.KJCX315W-215).     

�İ�������������ǰ�ױ仯��������

????????????￡??????????????????????仯????????????????????????????????仯?????????????????????????????????????????????????±仯??????????????????????塣???????????????????仯?????????????????????????????????????о????????     

广东鉴江尖紫蛤的生态调查

尖紫蛤分布于我国东南沿海,在广东鉴江它的栖息密度为3.5～7.0个/m~2。生活在比重1.0006～1.0007,水温19.2～30.8℃,pH 值6.9～7.2.流速0.243～0.704m/s,透明度为0.38～0.60m 的咸淡水交汇处,从低潮区至水深3m 的沙滩均有分布,栖息深度一般为0.30～0.50m,最深可达0.70m。食料以底栖硅藻和有机碎屑为主。雌雄异体,繁殖期在9～10月,一周龄个体平均大小为37.5mm×16.5mm×8.2mm。在鉴江尖紫蛤的年产量约5万kg。     

Heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment： a review

Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sediments are important sinks for heavy metals and play a significant role in enrichment and remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, characteristics of heavy metal in lacustrine sediments become one of the important issues in environmental sciences. Progress in heavy metal research of lake sediments since late 1980s is reviewed comprehensively in this paper from over 100. The Highlights are placed on the establishment of aquatic sediment quality guidelines, references chemical speciation of heavy metals, heavy metal transport mechanisms in lakes, and high-resolution study of lake borehole cores. Meanwhile, suggestions for heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment in the future are proposed, including such issues as using integrated approaches to assess aquatic ecosystem, modem lake dynamic process, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments and international lake database, which should be referential to the promotion of research on heavy metal in aquatic system.     

塔里木盆地塔中-巴楚地区早二叠世岩浆岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

运用阴极发光和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法对塔里木盆地塔中-巴楚地区岩浆岩中的锆石年龄进行了测试。结果显示,玄武岩年龄275±13Ma,凝灰岩年龄291±10Ma,辉长岩年龄274±15Ma,辉绿岩年龄272±6Ma,正长岩年龄282±3Ma,英安斑岩年龄286±4Ma,均属于早二叠世。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of the CH4 and CH4-H2O systems up to 10 GPa and 2573 K

Based on our previous study of the intermolecular potential for pure H₂O and the strict evaluation of the competitive potential models for pure CH₄ and the ab initio fitting potential surface across CH₄-H₂O molecules in this study, we carried out more than two thousand molecular dynamics simulations for the PVTx properties of pure CH₄ and the CH₄-H₂O mixtures up to 2573 K and 10 GPa. Comparison of 1941 simulations with experimental PVT data for pure CH₄ shows an average deviation of 0.96% and a maximum deviation of 2.82%. The comparison of the results of 519 simulations of the mixtures with the experimental measurements reveals that the PVTx properties of the CH₄-H₂O mixtures generally agree with the extensive experimental data with an average deviation of 0.83% and 4% in maximum, which is equivalent to the experimental uncertainty. Moreover, the maximum deviation between the experimental data and the simulation results decreases to about 2% as temperature and pressure increase, indicating that the high accuracy of the simulation is well retained in the high temperature and pressure region.After the validation of the simulation method and the intermolecular potential models, we systematically simulated the PVTx properties of this binary system from 673 K and 0.05 GPa to 2573 K and 10 GPa. In order to integrate all the simulation results and the experimental data for the calculation of thermodynamic properties, an equation of state (EOS) is developed for the CH₄-H₂O system covering 673-2573 K and 0.01-10 GPa. Isochores for compositions <4 mol% CH₄ up to 773 K and 600 MPa are also determined in this paper. The program for the EOS can be downloaded from www.geochem-model.org/programs.htm.     

Dispersal pattern of suspended sediment in the shear frontal zone off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth

The in situ records of a cruise in September 1995 off the Huanghe mouth and laboratory measurements indicate that the shear front off the river mouth results from the phase difference between the nearshore and offshore tides and plays significant role in the river-laden sediment dispersal. Two types of shear front, identified from the behaviors of currents inside and outside the shear front, alternate over tidal cycle, each of which lasts for ∼2–3 h. The dispersal patterns of suspended sediment at the stations inside and outside the shear front are distinctly different from each other. In addition, the gravity-driven hyperpycnal flow generated near the mouth is terminated within shallow water due to the barrier effect of shear front. A dispersal pattern of river-laden suspended sediment in the shear frontal zone is proposed to interpret the difference of sediment transport inside and outside the shear front. The fresh and highly turbid river effluents discharge to the sea during ebb tides and are transported northwestwards inside the shear front under the combined impacts of northward ebb currents, down-slope transport of hyperpycnal flow and confining action of shear front; after partially mixing with the ambient seawater the river effluents are then transported southeastwards outside the shear front along the flood currents, causing the intermittent increase in suspended sediment concentration and corresponding decrease in salinity outside the shear front. Over annual time scale the subaqueous slope has a geomorphological response to the ephemeral shear front. Most of the river-laden sediment deposit inside the shear front with a high accumulation rate, while erosion is dominant outside the shear front due to the lack of sediment supply.     

人工增雨火箭发射仰角及用弹量的估算

根据南阳气象观测站探空资料及AgI在云中成核率与温度的关系,确定了豫南BL-1型火箭人工增雨可播云体的判别标准、火箭发射仰角及火箭用弹量。     

兖州煤田采煤沉陷土地利用分区研究

从采煤沉陷土地持续利用角度,依据沉陷土地利用的自然和社会特性,提出采煤沉陷土地的分区方案;以兖州煤田为例,进行实用分区,并依据各分区的特点提出持续利用方向和方案;最后,根据分区实例,就采煤沉陷土地的持续利用提出几点建议。