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71.
A. Ankilov A. Baklanov M. Colhoun K. -H. Enderle J. Gras Yu. Julanov D. Kaller A. Lindner A. A. Lushnikov R. Mavliev F. McGovern T. C. O'Connor J. Podzimek O. Preining G. P. Reischl R. Rudolf G. J. Sem W. W. Szymanski A. E. Vrtala P. E. Wagner W. Winklmayr V. Zagaynov 《Atmospheric Research》2002,62(3-4)
During an international workshop at the Institute for Experimental Physics of the University of Vienna, Austria, which was coordinated within the Committee on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (IAMAS-IUGG), 10 instruments for aerosol number concentration measurement were studied, covering a wide range of methods based on various different measuring principles. In order to investigate the detection limits of the instruments considered with respect to particle size, simultaneous number concentration measurements were performed for monodispersed aerosols with particle sizes ranging from 1.5 to 50 nm diameter and various compositions.The instruments considered show quite different response characteristics, apparently related to the different vapors used in the various counters to enlarge the particles to an optically detectable size. A strong dependence of the 50% cutoff diameter on the particle composition in correlation with the type of vapor used in the specific instrument was found. An enhanced detection efficiency for ultrafine hygroscopic sodium chloride aerosols was observed with water operated systems, an analogous trend was found for n-butanol operated systems with nonhygroscopic silver and tungsten oxide particles. 相似文献
72.
Bryan G. Mark Geoffrey O. Seltzer Donald T. Rodbell Adam Y. Goodman 《Quaternary Research》2002,57(3):287
Moraine chronology is combined with digital topography to model deglacial rates of paleoglacier volumes in both the Huancané Valley on the west side of the Quelccaya Ice Cap and the Upismayo Valley on the northwest side of the Cordillera Vilcanota. The fastest rates of deglaciation (39×10−5 to 114×10−5 km3 yr−1 and 112×10−5 to 247×10−5 km3 yr−1 for each valley, respectively) were calculated for the most recent paleoglaciers, corresponding to the last few centuries. These results are consistent with observations in the Venezuelan Andes showing high rates of deglaciation since the Little Ice Age. These rates also fall within the range of 20th century rates of deglaciation measured on the Quelccaya Ice Cap (29×10−5 to 220×10−5 km3 yr−1, Brecher and Thompson, 1993; Thompson, 2000). These results imply that rates of deglaciation may fluctuate significantly over time and that high rates of deglaciation may not be exclusive to the late 20th century. Equilibrium line altitude (ELA) depressions for the ice volumes of the last glaciation modeled here were computed as 230 m for the Quelccaya Ice Cap and 170 m for the Cordillera Vilcanota. Maximum ELA depressions are lower than previously published: <500 m for the Cordillera Vilcanota and <400 m for the Quelccaya Ice Cap. These lower values could imply a topographic control over paleoglacier extent. 相似文献
73.
M. A. Bouhifd G. Gruener B. O. Mysen P. Richet 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(10):655-662
Premelting effects in gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and calorimetry, and in gehlenite and pseudowollastonite (CaSiO3) by electrical conductivity. The enthalpy of premelting of gehlenite is 17.3 kJ mol−1 and represents 9% of the reported enthalpy of fusion, which is in the range of the reported fraction of other minerals. The
Raman and electrical conductivity experiments at high temperatures, for gehlenite and pseudowollastonite, show that the premelting
effects of both compositions are associated with enhanced dynamics of calcium atoms near the melting point. This conclusion
agrees with the results obtained for other minerals like diopside, but contrasts with those found for sodium metasilicate
in which the weaker bonding of sodium allows the silicate framework to distort near the melting temperature and deform in
such a way to prefigure the silicate entities present in the melt.
Received: 30 April 2002 / Accepted: 7 August 2002
Acknowledgements We thank Y. Linard for help with DSC measurements and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work
has been partly supported by the EU Marie-Curie fellowship contract no. HPMF-CT-1999-00329, the CNRS-Carnegie Institution
of Washington program PICS no.192, and the NSF grants EAR-9614432 and EAR-9901886 to B.O.M. 相似文献
74.
Shear wave statics using receiver functions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
75.
A laboratory study was conducted to examine oil biodegradation in the presence of a fouling organism community. It is shown that the majority of fouling species exhibit relatively weak tolerance to oil. Oil degradation in seawater is shown to proceed quicker and more completely in the presence of the fouling organism community than it does without such organisms. The population of specific bacterial groups is shown first to grow and next decrease as a result of accumulation in water of toxic products of their vital activity. Oil biodegradation is found to cause substantial changes in the water hydrochemical characteristics in experimental vessels. 相似文献
76.
The Significance of Ground Water in Small Watershed Studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Donald O. Rosenberry 《Ground water》2003,41(7):881-882
77.
The paper describes a method for the radio identification of decameter-wavelength sources based on their continuum spectra and analysis of their coordinates in relatively large error boxes surrounding a specified position on the sky. The distribution of continuum spectra and identifications in other wavelength ranges are analyzed for the resulting radio catalog. Using identifications with the FIRST and NVSS surveys, the statistics of the spectral index-size and spectral index-flux density distributions for steep-spectrum sources have been studied, and a catalog of ultrasteep-spectrum (α1.2) decameter-wavelength sources has been compiled. 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
Subramaniam S. Ravindra Babu Y. Rabindranath Bera Basheerullah Baig G. Viswanath P. V. Bajpai O. P. 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2003,31(3):187-196
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing - A stationary, compact, spatially modulated Fourier Transform spectro-radiometer based on triangular, common path Sagnac interferometer has been... 相似文献