Offshore Structural Control Considering Fluid Structure Interaction

1.IntroductionAmong various control devices,Tuned Mass Damper(TMD)has been mostfrequently usedtothecontrol of structural vibration induced by oscillating loads such as earthquakes,winds,and waves.This is due to the fact that it operates without external e…     

朝鲜甑山“群”变质岩中锆石-榍石-金红石U-Pb体系:古元古代-中生代构造-热事件记录

朝鲜甑山地区甑山"群"(杂岩)的主要岩石类型包括石榴云母片麻岩、石榴角闪岩,并有少量大理岩。其原岩为泥质岩为主的碎屑岩,并含有少量火山岩和碳酸盐岩,经历了角闪岩相到麻粒岩相变质作用。本文对甑山"群"2件石榴云母片麻岩和1件石榴角闪岩样品进行了锆石-榍石-金红石U-Pb体系年代学研究。石榴云母片麻岩中分选出的锆石均为变质新生锆石,Pb-Pb加权平均年龄为1850±5Ma,没有发现继承锆石组分,暗示原岩为缺乏碎屑锆石的泥质岩。石榴角闪岩中的榍石根据成因不同,可分为两期,即早期麻粒岩相变质生长的榍石和后期热事件生长榍石。早期榍石具有高U、高Th/U比值特点,U-Pb分析构成一条不一致线,上交点年龄1831±5Ma代表了早期变质热事件冷却到榍石U-Pb体系封闭温度时代,下交点年龄155±3Ma代表后期热事件造成Pb丢失时代;另一种榍石具有低U低Th/U比值特点,U-Pb年龄为单一的153±3Ma,为中生代构造热事件的新生榍石。两类样品中的金红石少量颗粒保存有早期U-Pb年龄信息,绝大多数在~155Ma发生完全重置,并直到~110Ma一直处于U-Pb体系开放状态。以上数据说明,甑山"群"在~1850Ma前发生高级变质,1850~1830Ma开始抬升出露,并成为中新元古界沉积岩物源与沉积基底,中生代受到朝鲜广泛发育的岩浆-热事件的影响。     

朝鲜半岛西北部古元古代高温变质-深熔作用:宏观和微观岩石学以及锆石U-Pb年代学制约

朝鲜半岛左接中国大陆右连日本岛链,其地质位置重要不言而喻,对其区域地质演化历史和构造属性的准确厘定,直接关系到对整个东北亚地质的全面理解和认识。本文对朝鲜半岛狼林地块西部的南浦群和甄山群的相关岩石进行了研究。野外露头、手标本和岩相学观察表明,南浦群和甄山群岩石保存了深熔作用的宏观和微观证据,矿物组合以及矿物间的反应结构表明南浦群和甄山群混合岩经历了角闪岩相到麻粒岩相的变质作用,并且在晚期熔体结晶过程中发生了逆反应或退变质过程。7件样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,朝鲜半岛西北部地区在古元古代经历了多阶段(期)的变质和深熔作用过程。南浦群岩石在1917Ma可能经历了第一阶段(期)变质作用,在1877~1855Ma经历了第二阶段(期)变质深熔和石榴石持续生长,熔体冷却结晶时代为1842Ma。甄山群样品给出的变质深熔和石榴石生长的时代为1841~1830Ma,1785Ma可能代表深熔作用中抽取的熔体冷却的时代。但是,为何南浦群和甄山群样品记录的变质和深熔作用时代显示较大的差异,尚需更进一步的研究。综述前人研究成果可知,狼林地块与华北克拉通东部辽吉活动带,在变质和深熔作用类型方面存在不同之处,然而它们所记录的古元古代高温变质-深熔时代的一致性,表明二者可能至少在古元古代之前就形成了统一的大陆。     

Palaeoecology of a Late Weichselian vertebrate fauna from Nmre Lyngby, Denmark

Investigations at a Late Weichselian freshwater basin in northwestern Jutland, Denmark, yielded a fairly rich assemblage of vertebrate remains, mostly bones and teeth of small mammals. The remains are primarily allochthonous and the bones have been subjected to different taphonomic pathways and agents. AMS ¹⁴C-dates on terrestrial organic remains provided ages of Middle to Late Allerød time. Identifications revealed the first fossil record in Scandinavia of Rana arvalis, Sorex minutus, Ochotona cf. pusilla, Microtus gregalis, Microtus oeconomus , and Sicista cf. betulinu. Spermophilus cf. major and Desmana moschata , previously found only once and twice respectively, were retrieved, and Sorex araneus and Arvicola terrestris were recovered for the first time beyond the Atlantic chronozone. Ecologically, the Nørre Lyngby small mammal fauna can be characterized by its very high and almost equal proportions of boreal forest and steppe elements followed by a relatively high proportion of tundra elements. The fossil species share a modern area of sympatry north of the Caspian Sea from the river Volga in the west to the southern and western slopes of the Urals. If, however, the large Allerød mammals are added, the fauna is without modern analogues. The Nørre Lyngby fauna can be seen as a last expansion of the North European glacial fauna. Provided that an absolute chronology and a differentiated sea-level curve for the area can be established, the Nsrre Lyngby fauna could become important for studies in mammalian dispersal and migration rates.     

The harp seal (Phoca groenlandica Erxleben) in Denmark, southern Scandinavia, during the Holocene

The harp seal ( Phoca groenlandica ) is a low-arctic species that is currently a rare visitor to Danish waters. However, bone remains from archaeological and geological deposits in Denmark and the Baltic Sea testify to a regular presence of harp seals in this region during the mid-Holocene. The paradox of the presence of a low-arctic seal species in southern Scandinavia during the mid-Holocene thermal maximum has been widely discussed. In order to improve the Holocene chronology for the presence of harp seal in Denmark, 24 bone remains of the species were radiocarbon dated. The oldest date is around 4100 cal. yr BC, indicating that the harp seal arrived several millennia after fully marine conditions were established in Danish waters. The majority of the dated specimens fall within two age groups, one centred around 3900 cal. yr BC (11 dates), the other around 2700 cal. yr BC (7 dates). It is argued that these two groups may reflect periods with suitable living conditions for the harp seal in Danish waters and that this is connected with an enhanced inflow of high-salinity North Sea water and higher biological productivity. Six dates show a scattered distribution between c . 1400 cal. yr BC and c . AD 1000, suggesting sporadic visits of the harp seal to Danish waters during the late Holocene.     

A Maximum-Entropy Method for Estimating the Spectrum

Based on the maximum-entropy(ME)principle,a new power spectral estimator for random waves is derived in the form of S～(ω)=a/8H~2(2π)~(d 1)ω~-~((d 2))exp[-b(2π/ω)~n],by solving a variational problem subject to some quite general constraints.This robust method is comprehensive enough to describe the wave spectra even in extreme wave conditions and is superior to periodogram method that is not suitable to process comparatively short or intensively unsteady signals for its tremendous boundary effect and some inherent defects of FFT.Fortunately,the newly derived method for spectral estimation works fairly well,even though the sample data sets are very short and unsteady,and the reliability and efficiency of this spectral estimator have been preliminarily proved.     

Variability of the Dokdo Abyssal Current observed in the Ulleung Interplain Gap of the East/Japan Sea

Subinertial fluctuation of a strong northward deep current, which is referred to the Dokdo Abyssal Current (DAC) by Chang et al. (2009), is investigated from current records for about 16.5 and 8.0 months in the Ulleung Interplain Gap of the East/Japan Sea. The current below 300 m is bottom-intensified and has nearly depth-independent flow. Near bottom, the spectral peaks of the current were found near 10, 20, and 60 d. The DAC variability near 10 d and 20 d is reasonably consistent with the linear theory of topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) in the following aspects: (1) The motion is columnar and bottom-intensified; (2) the theoretical cutoff frequency is similar to the observation; (3) The observation-based angles of the wavenumber vector are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The wavelengths of the TRWs with periods of near 10 d and 20 d near Dokdo are significantly shorter than those with similar timescales in the open oceans (100-250 km). It is primarily due to the weak stratification below 300 m in the East Sea. The deep current fluctuations with periods of near 10 d and 20 d were accompanied by warm events in the upper layer resulting from eddying processes and/or meandering of the Tsushima Warm Current.     

Possibility of Solid Hydrometeor Growth Zone Identification Using Radar Spectrum Width

In this study, the correlation between simulated and measured radar velocity spectrum width(σ_v) is investigated. The results show that the dendrites growth zones(DGZs) and needles growth zones(NGZs) mostly contain dendrites(DN) and needles(NE), respectively.Clear σ_v zones(1.1 < σ_v(m s^–1) < 1.3 and 0.3 < σ_v(m s^–1) < 0.7 for the DGZ and NGZ, respectively) could be identified in the case studies(27 and 28 February 2016) n...     

中国海-西太平洋莫霍面深度分布特征及其地质意义

中国海-西太平洋位于欧亚板块、印澳板块和太平洋板块的交汇处,构造运动剧烈,地质情况复杂,是认识板块运动、洋陆相互作用、物质交换和能量传递不可多得的窗口,而莫霍面深度对于研究壳幔结构以及深部动力过程有着重要的意义.本文使用最新的覆盖全球的重力和地形数据,收集了深地震测深、多道地震测深等剖面183条,数字化得到2982个控制点,使用带控制点的三维界面反演方法来约束反演过程,得到中国海-西太平洋莫霍面深度,由莫霍面形态分析可知大洋板块的俯冲和印澳板块与欧亚板块的碰撞对西太平洋边缘海的形成演化有着重要作用.结合地热、岩石圈厚度、地震活动等地质地球物理资料,分析得知研究区内各个海域莫霍深度和地壳性质的变化是处于不同构造演化阶段的表现.并在马里亚纳沟弧盆拟合一条重力2.5维剖面,结果表明热物质上涌导致了马里亚纳海槽处地幔密度减小,马里亚纳海槽以及帕里西维拉海盆到西马里亚纳海岭的下地壳高密度异常是由残留的岩浆岩引起的.     

Numerical Study on Air Turbines with Enhanced Techniques for OWC Wave Energy Conversion

In recent years, the oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter, which can capture wave energy from the ocean, has been widely applied all over the world. As the essential part of the OWC system, the impulse and Wells turbines are capable of converting the low pressure pneumatic energy into the mechanical shaft power. As an enhanced technique, the design of endplate or ring attached to the blade tip is investigated numerically in this paper. 3D numerical models based on a CFD-software FLUENT 12.0 are established and validated by the corresponding experimental results from the reports of Setoguchi et al. (2004) and Takao et al. (2001). Then the flow fields and non-dimensional evaluating coefficients are calculated and analyzed under steady conditions. Results show that the efficiency of impulse turbine with ring can reach up to 0.49 when φ=1, which is 4% higher than that in the cases for the endplate-type and the original one. And the ring-type Wells turbine with fixed guide vanes shows the best performance with the maximal efficiency of 0.55, which is 22% higher than that of the original one. In addition, the quasi-steady analysis is used to calculate the mean efficiency and output-work of a wave cycle under sinusoidal flow condition. Taking all together, this study provides support for structural optimization of impulse turbine and Wells turbine in the future.