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71.
Natural Hazards - Survey-based studies of household natural hazard preparedness have often relied on individual-level data to predict household-level preparedness behaviors, in doing so neglecting... 相似文献
72.
Analysis of ground vibrations due to underground trains by 2.5D finite/infinite element approach 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The 2.5D finite/infinite element approach is adopted to study wave propagation problems caused by underground moving trains.
The irregularities of the near field, including the tunnel structure and parts of the soil, are modeled by the finite elements,
and the wave propagation properties of the far field extending to infinity are modeled by the infinite elements. One particular
feature of the 2.5D approach is that it enables the computation of the three-dimensional response of the half-space, taking
into account the load-moving effect, using only a two-dimensional profile. Although the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach
shows a great advantage in studying the wave propagation caused by moving trains, attention should be given to the calculation
aspects, such as the rules for mesh establishment, in order to avoid producing inaccurate or erroneous results. In this paper,
some essential points for consideration in analysis are highlighted, along with techniques to enhance the speed of the calculations.
All these observations should prove useful in making the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach an effective one. 相似文献
73.
The aim of the present work is to investigate the distribution of arsenic(As) in sewage ir-rigation area,to deduce the migration and transformation mechanism of As in soil and groundwater,and to infer the source of As in soil and groundwater.This study is carried out in a sewage irrigation area of the Pearl River Delta,China.Surface water samples,soil samples,and groundwater samples from sewage irrigation area were analyzed for As and other elements.As contents in water samples were analyzed by hydride gene... 相似文献
74.
The Manh Vu Jean Sulem Didier Subrin Nathalie Monin Judith Lascols 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(2):231-246
In this paper, we analyse the convergence measurements recorded in a gallery excavated in severely squeezing ground. The procedure consists in a preliminary geometrical treatment of the raw data to evaluate the principal axes of deformation by assuming an elliptic deformation of the walls of the gallery. Then the convergence law proposed by Sulem et al. (Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 24(3):145–154, 1987a), which is extended to account for anisotropic closure, is fitted on the displacements along the two axes of the obtained ellipse. This procedure is more robust and relevant than fitting the convergence recorded on the most deforming segment or fitting the average value of the convergence along the various segments. An attempt is made to correlate the amount and the direction of anisotropic deformation with the lithology and some geological features described by the dominant discontinuity families. 相似文献
75.
三维电磁阵列剖面法的基本原理及应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文论述了三维电磁阵列剖面法的基本原理,并从理论上论述了大地电磁测深中的静态效应是由电磁响应中与频率无关的静态项引起的,基于这一原理,本文提出了三维EMAP野外采集方式和数据处理方程。三维EMAP法不仅能消除MT中的静态效应,而且由于采集信息量大大增加,较常规MT有更好的地质效果,文中给出的实例证明了这一点。 相似文献
76.
Bertrand Guillier Kuvvet Atakan Jean-Luc Chatelain Jens Havskov Matthias Ohrnberger Fabrizio Cara Anne-Marie Duval Stratos Zacharopoulos Paula Teves-Costa The SESAME Team 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(1):3-31
For an optimal analysis of the H/V curve, it appears necessary to check the instrument signal to noise ratio in the studied
frequency band, to ensure that the signal from the ground noise is well above the internal noise. We assess the reliability
and accuracy of various digitizers, sensors and/or digitizer-sensor couples. Although this study is of general interest for
any kind of seismological study, we emphasize the influence of equipment on H/V analysis results. To display the impact of
the instrumental part on the H/V behavior, some series of tests have been carried out following a step-by-step procedure:
first, the digitizers have been tested in the lab (sensitivity, internal noise...), then the three components sensors, still
in the lab, and finally the usual user digitizers-sensors couple in lab and outdoors. In general, the digitizer characteristics,
verified during this test, correspond well to the manufacturer specifications, however, depending on the digitizer, the quality
of the digitized waveform can be very good to very poor, with variation from a channel to another channel (gain, time difference
etc.). It appears very clearly that digitizers need a warming up time before the recording to avoid problems in the low-frequency
range. Regarding the sensors, we recommend strongly to avoid the use of “classical” accelerometers (i.e., usual force balance
technology). The majority of tested seismometers (broadband and short period, even 4.5 Hz) can be used without problems from
0.4 to 25 Hz. In all cases, the instrumentation should be checked first to verify that it works well for the defined study
aim, but also to define its limit of use (frequency, sensitivity...). 相似文献
77.
我国2000年干旱情况分析及发展趋势展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
重点分析了2000年2 ̄7月份我国北方高温少雨的时空分布特征,并与国外及我国历史上的干旱特征进行了对比;从大气环流、海洋、天气气候及全球变化的角度初步探讨了干旱的成因;回顾了今年春、夏季北方少雨(干旱)的预报服务情况,并初步展望了未来秋、冬、春季降水趋势;建议在制订相应应急政策、加强保护生态环境及水资源的同时,加强气象部门对人工影响天气、干旱预警系统及干旱机理等方面的业务建设和科学研究。 相似文献
78.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR LIQUID-SOLID TWO-PHASE FLOW 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Weiming Wu Sam S.Y. Wang National Center for Computational Hydroscience Engineering The University of Mississippi MS U.S.A. 《国际泥沙研究》2000,(3)
I INTRODUCTIONTurbulence models for single-phase fluid flows have been developed and widely applied in mechanical,aeronautical, environmental and hydraulic engineering, and other fields. The closure techniques for theReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for various levels of models including the simple turbulencemodel, one-equation turbulence model, k-s turbulence model and turbulence stress/flux model have beenverified to be physically reasonable and have acceptable accuracy in app… 相似文献
79.
80.
Surface soil moisture has been extensively studied for various land uses and landforms. Although many studies have reported potential factors that control surface soil moisture over space or time, the findings have not always been consistent, indicating a need for identification of the main factors. This study focused on the static controls of topographic, soil, and vegetation features on surface soil moisture in a steep natural forested headwater catchment consisting of three hillslope units of a gully area, side slope, and valley‐head slope. Using a simple correlation analysis to investigate the effects of the static factors on surface soil moisture at depths of 0–20 cm at 470 points in 13 surveys, we addressed the characteristics of surface soil moisture and its main controlling factors. The results indicated that the mean of surface soil moisture was in the decreasing order of gully area > valley‐head slope > side slope. The relationship between the mean and standard deviation of surface soil moisture showed a convex‐upward shape in the headwater catchment, a negative curvilinear shape in the gully area, and positive curvilinear shapes at the side and valley‐head slopes. At the headwater catchment and valley‐head slope, positive contributions of soil porosity and negative contributions of slope gradient and saturated hydraulic conductivity were the main controlling factors of surface soil moisture under wetter conditions, whereas positive contributions of topographic wetness index and negative contributions of vegetation density were the main controlling factors of surface soil moisture under drier conditions. At the side slope underlain by fractured bedrocks, only saturated hydraulic conductivity and vegetation density were observed to be the controlling factors. Surface soil moisture in the gully area was mainly affected by runoff rather than were static features. Thus, using hillslope units is effective for approximately estimating the hydrological behaviours of surface moisture on a larger scale, whereas dependency between the main static factors and moisture conditions is helpful for estimating the spatial distributions of surface moisture on a smaller scale. 相似文献