北京市中关村地区大气降尘的来源与垂向分布特征

利用光学和电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及同步辐射X射线荧光对北京市中关村地区大气降尘的粒度分布、颗粒物微观形貌特征、矿物组成及化学元素组成等方面进行分析研究。粒度分析表明中关村地区大气降尘随着相对高度的增加,粗颗粒物逐渐减少。大气降尘的颗粒物形貌可以分为粒状、柱状单矿物,圆球状飘珠和不规则粒状集合体3种类型。矿物组成及化学元素组成的分析显示中关村地区大气降尘的污染物主要来自自然扬尘、建筑扬尘、燃煤、汽车尾气等污染源。     

抚顺煤田开采诱发的地质灾害现状及防治对策

抚顺煤田开采诱发的地质灾害有5种主要形态类型:露天开采导致的边坡变形;煤田采空区地面沉陷;煤震;采煤剥离物自燃对环境的污染和采煤剥离物对地下水的污染。研究上述地质灾害的分布状况、灾害程度以及发生机制,可为预防和治理地质灾害提供依据。     

Stable isotopes (2H, 18O and 13C) in groundwaters from the northwestern portion of the Guarani Aquifer System (Brazil)

The groundwater flow pattern of the western part of the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS), Brazil, is characterized by three regional recharge areas in the north, and a potentiometric divide in the south, which trends north–south approximately. Groundwater flow is radial from these regional recharge areas toward the center of Paraná Sedimentary Basin and toward the western outcrop areas at the border of the Pantanal Matogrossense, because of the potentiometric divide. The isotopic composition of GAS groundwater leads to understanding the paleoclimatic conditions in the regional recharge areas. The δ¹⁸O and δ²H isotopic ratios of GAS groundwaters vary, respectively, from –9.1 to –4.8‰ V-SMOW and –58.4 to –21.7‰ V-SMOW. In the recharge zones, enriched δ¹⁸O values are observed, while in the confined zone lighter δ¹⁸O values are observed. These suggest that climatic conditions were 10°C cooler than the present during the recharge of these waters. The δ¹³C ratios in groundwater of GAS, in the study area, vary from –19.5 to –6.5‰ VPDB, increasing along the regional flow lines toward the confined zone. This variation is related to dissolution of carbonate cement in the sandstones.     

鲁西前寒武纪基性岩墙群

鲁西地区发育大规模的中元古代基性岩墙群,侵位于早前寒武纪结晶基底内,未变形未变质,以北北西向和近南北向为主,是鲁西前寒武纪最引人注目的一种伸展构造标志。鲁西基性岩墙群属于板内大陆裂谷拉斑玄武岩系列,与板内大陆裂谷活动密切相关,代表一种非造山岩浆活动。该岩墙群富集大离子亲石元素(L IL E) ,略亏损高场强元素(HFSE) ,比较富集Cr、Ni,明显亏损Th。稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土略富集的右倾曲线。鲁西基性岩墙群的微量元素和稀土元素特征反映源区为略富集的地幔。从时空分布特征、构造特征、岩石化学相关性、岩浆源区和古构造应力场分析,鲁西基性岩墙群与燕辽—中条拗拉槽系有一定的成生联系。     

HJ-1A/B卫星CCD影像的武汉市东湖水色三要素遥感研究

以武汉市东湖为研究区域,利用同步的MODIS-Terra气溶胶光学厚度数据为输入参数,采用FLAASH模型对2010年3月11日HJ-1A/B卫星CCD影像进行大气校正处理,并利用多年实测数据建立叶绿素a浓度、悬浮泥沙浓度、黄色物质吸收系数三要素神经网络反演模型,对水色三要素进行反演。通过对反演结果与实测数据的对比分析可知,悬浮泥沙浓度、黄色物质吸收系数和叶绿素a浓度的平均相对误差分别为28.052%、17.628%和35.621%,表明HJ-1A/B卫星CCD传感器基本能满足II类水体水色要素的遥感监测需求。     

最优化插值同化方法在预报南海台风浪中的应用

由经验的holland台风模型和NCEP再分析风场资料相结合构造出南海台风风场，结果较好地符合了TOPEX／Poseidon(T／P)卫星高度计观测的风速分布。以此作为第三代海浪模式的输入风场，模拟了1999年约克(York)台风经过南海海域的台风浪，并利用T／P卫星高度计观测的有效波高资料对模式进行同化。结果显示，同化影响半径取为2000km效果较好，同化影响时间是35h，同化改善了模式预报的精度。     

IMMIGRATION, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC STATUS OF AMERICAN CHINESE

ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｍａｌｌｅｓｔｍｉｎｏｔｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｏｎｌｙ1ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ.Ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｙｅａｒｓ,ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｈａｖｅｍａｄｅｇｒｅａｔｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ.Ｂｕｔｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｙｅａｒｓ,ｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｕｎｆａｉｒｌｙｔｒｅａｔｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｗａｓｉ…     

东太平洋锰结核中叠层石纹层周期信号的谱分析及其意义

利用光学显微镜对一取自东太平洋的光滑型锰结核中的叠层石纹层进行分级统计，得到纹层带、纹层组和纹层对的韵律周期分别约为500μm、50－42．8μm和11－9．0μm。利用电子探针线扫描分析获取了锰结核磨光面上一生长剖面（长0．7mm)的Si、Al、Fe、Mn元素的含量变化序列，运用功率谱分析方法识别出上述4种元素序列具有111．3μm、46．5－40．6μm、24．9－28．1μm、23．1－23．9μm和11．7－13．4μm的显著振荡周期。除了纹层带周期由于受剖面长度限制没有出现外，显微镜下统计得到的叠层石的纹层组和纹层对周期在元素序列的功率谱分析结果上均得到了反映。通过对锰结核生长速率的讨论，认为锰结核的纹层韵律很可能与地球轨道参数的周期性变化有关，纹层组周期可能对应地球轨道的黄赤交角变化周期，纹层对周期可能对应地球轨道的半岁差周期，所研究剖面叠层石的生长速率约为1．134mm/Ma。     

硇洲岛和东海岛海区的浮游硅藻类

1980～1984年对湛江市硇洲岛和东海岛附近海域的浮游硅藻类进行了初步的调查研究。通过定量和定性分析,鉴定结果共有119种,隶属于17科43属。其中优势种共10种。对该海域浮游硅藻生物量周年变化及优势种生物量的周年变化初步的调查结果表明:一年中生物量出现两个高峰期。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the East China Sea and their relationship with carbonaceous materials

This study measured concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments in the East China Sea (ECS) to investigate possible sources and fate of PAHs. Total concentration of PAHs in the sediments of the ECS ranged from 22 to 244 ng g(-1), with the highest levels in the coastal area and outer shelf. The observed PAH results showed elevated levels in both inner and outer shelf areas, a finding that is different from predictions by an ocean circulation model, suggesting that terrestrial sources are important for PAH contaminations in the ECS, while sediment resuspension, tidal changes and lateral transport may be important in affecting the distribution of PAHs in the outer shelf. The distribution of PAHs in the surface sediments of the ECS is similar to the distribution of carbonaceous materials (e.g., particulate organic carbon and black carbon), suggesting that carbonaceous materials may strongly affect the distribution of PAHs.