Present state and historical changes of trace metal pollution in Kaoping coastal sediments, southwestern Taiwan

Surface and gravity-cored sediments were collected from the Kaoping coastal area off southwestern Taiwan to determine particle size, organic carbon, trace metal concentration and enrichment factor (EF), 210Pb dating, and 206Pb/207Pb ratio for determining present and historical metal pollution. Surface distributions of trace metals ranged from 0.02 to 0.13 mg/kg for Cd (EF: 0.16-1.65), from 35 to 189 mg/kg for Cr (EF: 0.85-2.92), from 25 to 64 mg/kg for Ni (EF: 0.53-2.38), from 10 to 32 mg/kg for Pb (EF: 1.20-4.94), and from 29 to 129 mg/kg for Zn (EF: 1.18-3.50). Trace metal concentrations correlate closely with distributions of mud (<63 microm) and organic carbon which accumulate largely around river mouths and within the Kaoping Canyon. With the exception of Cd, Cr and Ni in certain areas with rather coarse sediments, metals were generally elevated above the baseline levels over the studied area. Metals were also relatively enriched in areas with high contents of mud and organic carbon. Sedimentation rates derived from the excess 210Pb data in core sediments sampled from the canyon illustrate metal pollution beginning around 1970 that is corresponding to the booming time of economic growth in Taiwan. Meanwhile, the status of Pb pollution in core sediments is verified by an inversed correlation between 206Pb/207Pb ratios and Pb concentrations. Anthropogenic Pb and other metals in the studied area were apparently derived primarily from the Kaoping River and accumulated around the river mouth and within the Kaoping Canyon. The Kaoping Canyon appears to act as a major sink for river borne trace metals.     

Streamflow simulation and skewness preservation based on the bootstrapped stochastic models

The stochastic model has been widely used for the simulation study. However, there was a difficulty in the reproduction of the skewness of observed series and so the stochastic model for the skewness preservation was appeared. While the skewness in the residuals of the stochastic model has been considered for the skewness preservation this study uses a random resampling technique of residuals from the stochastic models for the simulation study and for the investigation of the skewness coefficient. The main advantage of this resampling scheme, called the bootstrap method is that it does not rely on the assumption of population distribution and this study uses the combined model of the stochastic and bootstrapped models. The stochastic and bootstrapped stochastic (or combined) models are used for the investigations of skewness preservation and of the reproduction of probability density function between the simulated series. The models are applied to the annual and monthly streamflows of Yongdam site in Korea and Yakima river, Washington, USA for the streamflow simulation study then the statistics and probability density functions for the observed and simulated streamflows are compared. As the results the bootstrapped stochastic model reproduces the skewness and probability density function much better than the stochastic model. This evidences suggest that the bootstrapped stochastic model might be more appropriate than the stochastic model for the preservation of skewness and for simulation purposes of the series.     

凡河地区雾迷山期火山岩

辽北凡河地区雾迷山期火山岩可划分为海相火山熔岩与次火山岩,受基底断裂构造控制,遭受与围岩同步的褶皱变形。海相火山熔岩主要为细碧岩、蚀变玄武岩;次火山岩主要为次蚀变辉绿岩、熔岩状次蚀变辉绿岩,两者具有相似的稀土丰度及稀土分馏特征。凡河地区火山岩形成于大陆克拉通内的活动带,即裂陷槽强烈活动阶段的产物。     

抚顺煤田开采诱发的地质灾害现状及防治对策

抚顺煤田开采诱发的地质灾害有5种主要形态类型:露天开采导致的边坡变形;煤田采空区地面沉陷;煤震;采煤剥离物自燃对环境的污染和采煤剥离物对地下水的污染。研究上述地质灾害的分布状况、灾害程度以及发生机制,可为预防和治理地质灾害提供依据。     

硇洲岛和东海岛海区的浮游硅藻类

1980～1984年对湛江市硇洲岛和东海岛附近海域的浮游硅藻类进行了初步的调查研究。通过定量和定性分析,鉴定结果共有119种,隶属于17科43属。其中优势种共10种。对该海域浮游硅藻生物量周年变化及优势种生物量的周年变化初步的调查结果表明:一年中生物量出现两个高峰期。     

磷灰石中磁黄铁矿出溶结构的发现

中国东部苏鲁地区(江苏赣榆)出露大理岩-榴辉岩块体,其菱镁矿大理岩中保存的白云石分解结构表明地壳物质俯冲深度达到-200公里。在与该大理岩共生的榴辉岩中,我们发现了磷灰石的磁黄铁矿出溶结构。磷灰石是该榴辉岩的主要副矿物,其自形程度较高,与石榴石共生。样品中几乎所有磷灰石均发育出溶结构,至少存在两组相互垂直的出溶棒,它们各自严格沿同一个方向分布。出溶棒形状规则,宽度相近(<1μm),但长度变化大(5-50μm)。利用高分辨能谱仪测定其能谱,结果表明,出溶棒主要由Fe和S两种元素组成,但不能准确地确定其Fe/S比值。我们把这种出溶棒初步确定为磁黄铁矿(Fe1-xS)。磷灰石由于含大量稀土元素和挥发性组分如OH、F、Cl等以及我们所观察到的S,它的深循环因此可能对地球的水、硫以及其它挥发性组分的全球平衡具有重要影响。本文报道的磷灰石中磁黄铁矿出溶结构为深入探讨这个基本科学问题提供了一个新的突破口。     

邯郸市地热资源评价

通过对邯郸市的地热地质条件、热储赋存条件的分析与研究，阐述了该区具有经济价值的上第三系热储层的地热赋存特征，并对发育良好、遍布全区、水量丰富、水质好、埋深适中、具有开发利用价值的上第三系明化镇和馆陶组两个热储层其地热资源量进行了计算，就本区地热资源的开发前景进行了评价。     

中天山北缘干沟蛇绿混杂岩带的地质地球化学

中天山北缘干沟蛇绿混杂岩带主要由属于弧前火山-沉积岩系的混杂基质及其襄胁的构造岩块组成,后者主要包括蛇绿岩残块、岛弧火山岩残块,以及大理岩、花岗岩等外来构造岩块。并因蛇绿岩及岛弧火山岩的出露而成为古板块缝合带的标志。干沟蛇绿岩岩石组合出露较为齐全,包括变质橄榄岩(蛇纹岩)、辉长岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩等构造岩块,但几乎均呈零散的构造岩块,散布于混杂基质中。变质橄榄岩以相对低SiO_2、TiO_2、Al_2O_3和CaO、高MgO为特征,类似于大洋中脊二辉橄榄岩主元素化学组成；∑REE低,LREE亏损,富集Cr、Ni,与世界典型蛇绿岩的超镁铁单元岩石地球化学特征类似。玄武岩的地球化学研究表明其以中等TiO_2、高MgO,不具有Nb、Ta亏损和Th富集为特征；与MORB相比较,高场强元素(HSFE)丰度低且平坦不分异；与原始地幔相比较,具有类似于N-MORB的亏损地幔特征,主、微量元素的地球化学特征显示岩石应形成于洋中脊构造环境。岛弧型火山岩出露于混杂岩带南部,主要为橄榄粗安岩；主元素以高MgO、Al_2O_3、K_2O、Na_2O、K_2O/Na_2O≈1、低TiO_2和CaO含量,富含挥发份为特征。同时,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、zr、Th、U和LREE等,并以Nb、Ta亏损和Th富集显示其成因与消减作用有关,形成于板块俯冲过程中的活动大陆边缘火山弧环境。干沟区段的混杂岩因存在蛇绿岩和与俯冲作用有关的火山岩而厘定为蛇绿混杂岩带,并指示沿中天山北缘曾存在古洋盆及其俯冲消减作用。     

吉林省东部煤田地震资料解释精度低的原因分析

在地震资料解释过程中,吉林省东部聚煤盆地地震资料同相轴频率相对其他地区同一反射时的同相轴频率普遍偏低,通过提频处理也难与其他地区相比,其小断层解释符合率比较低。通过对比分析,正确地认识地震资料有利于小构造的划分和断定。