卡尔曼滤波在InSAR噪声消除与相位解缠中的应用

相位解缠作为InSAR技术中的关键步骤,一直是研究的难点和热点。通常的相位解缠方法在相位解缠前首先必须进行噪声消除,而卡尔曼滤波将相位解缠问题转化为状态估计问题,实现了相位解缠与噪声消除一并处理,成为一种相位解缠新途径。并提出了卡尔曼滤波在相位解缠与噪声抑制中的一种新算法。     

Numerical investigation of the seismic response of a UHV composite bypass switch retrofitted with wire rope isolators

An ultra-high voltage(UHV)composite bypass switch(BPS)faces increasing seismic challenges when UHV projects extend to high seismic intensity areas.The UHV composite BPS still generates excessive stress at the bottom section although hollow composite insulators with high flexural strength are adopted.Since the standard retrofitting strategy by using stiffer supports cannot reduce stress responses,wire rope isolation is introduced.The optimal design of isolation considers both stress and displacement responses since the slenderness and composite material of insulators contribute to significant displacement.The results show that properly designed isolation can significantly reduce stress without excessive displacement responses.A larger radius configuration helps to improve the applicability of small stiffness isolators under high winds.When the isolation still cannot satisfy the requirement,smaller stiffness isolators with a larger radius,or isolators with increased loops and smaller radius,can be introduced to gain better energy dissipation capacity and effectiveness in response mitigation.Accordingly,a three-step design procedure is proposed to increase the damping force but fix the rotational stiffness of isolation.Hence,the application of wire rope isolation can be extended to UHV composite BPS with a low natural frequency,but conductors with enough redundancy should be used.     

Multiple Unmanned Underwater Vehicles Consensus Control with Unmeasurable Velocity Information and Environmental Disturbances Under Switching Directed Topologies

China Ocean Engineering - A consensus algorithm proposed in the paper is applied to tackle remarkable problems of unmeasurable velocities, the environmental disturbances, and the limited...     

中国沿海小黄鱼种群动力学及其空间异质性研究

小黄鱼是我国近海四种最重要的经济鱼类之一,在过去的几十年中小黄鱼种群及其两个地理亚种群经历了巨大的变化。小黄鱼的种群动力学研究,对于维持这一重要渔业的可持续管理是至关重要的。目前仅有的两个小黄鱼种群动力学模型只涵盖了较短的时间,且没有关注其空间差异。本文研究了1968年至2015年间黄渤海和东海小黄鱼的种群动力学模型,包含和不包含空间分层结构的两种贝叶斯模型被用于分析其种群动力学的大尺度空间异质性。本文分析了不同的假设,来研究小黄鱼种群动力学潜在的变化趋势。研究结果表明小黄鱼种群动力学特征具有明显的时间和空间变化。种群的增长速度从20世纪八十年代开始增加,而可捕系数从1981年到2015年增加了两倍多。与黄渤海亚种群相比,东海的小黄鱼亚种群生长速度更快,遭受的捕捞压力也更大。基于最大可持续产量MSY的参考点表明,无论是整个小黄鱼种群还是两个亚种群,近年来都有非常高的过度捕捞风险。因此我国小黄鱼的渔业管理急需更加保守的管理策略,同时考虑其地域差异。本文所用的方法可以应用于其他种类的资源评估和渔业管理,尤其是具有空间异质性和数据有限的种类。     

2014年春季渤海浮游植物群落结构

基于2014年春季在渤海进行的水文、化学和生物方面的综合大面调查,研究了渤海浮游植物群落的结构特征,并结合文献资料,分析影响浮游植物群落结构形成的原因。结果显示：2014年渤海春季共鉴定浮游植物3门29属50种,以硅藻为主,还有少数甲藻和金藻。其中,硅藻门中圆筛藻属的种类最多,共12种,其次为角毛藻属,共5种。浮游植物总细胞丰度介于1.08×10⁴~181.09×10⁴个/m³,平均为25.47×10⁴个/m³。硅藻与甲藻细胞丰度比值为12：1,硅藻在物种数量和细胞丰度上均占有绝对优势,为渤海浮游植物的主要类群。浮游植物优势种主要为密联角毛藻（Chaetoceros densus）、斯氏几内亚藻（Guinardia striata）、具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）和夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）。渤海春季浮游植物群落多样性水平较低,且分布不均。渤海中部和渤海海峡海域由于单一优势种过量繁殖导致群落稳定性较差。与历史同期资料对比,渤海海域浮游植物群落出现明显的物种演替现象,角毛藻的优势地位显著性下降,斯氏几内亚藻首次在渤海大面调查中被记录为优势种。本研究为今后渤海环境生态系统和渔业资源变动的研究提供重要基础资料和参考依据。     

柴达木盆地北缘结绿素-红山地区古新统至中新统沉积相

根据柴达木盆地北缘露头剖面、钻井剖面的地层学和岩石学研究所取得的各种定量及定性资料,采用冯增昭教授倡导的单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制了柴达木盆地北缘结绿素—红山地区古新统—始新统、渐新统和中新统的各种单因素图和沉积相图。这是首次将定量的沉积相研究方法应用于柴达木盆地的古新统至中新统。结绿素—红山地区古新统至中新统发育2种沉积相类型,即冲积扇和辫状河。其中辫状河可划分为砾质辫状河和砂质辫状河。古新世—始新世发育冲积扇—辫状河—湖泊沉积体系,渐新世—中新世发育辫状河—湖泊沉积体系。从古新世到中新世,柴达木盆地北缘经历了由大规模冲积扇沉积到辫状河沉积的演化过程。     

内蒙古北山地区阿民乌素公婆泉组变质火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

内蒙古北山地区阿民乌素一带公婆泉组变质火山岩主要由钠长阳起岩、斜长阳起岩和斜长阳起片岩组成.三者主量元素显示相对高钠w(Na2O)=0.32％～2.46％,低钾w(K2O)=0.08％～0.38％、钛w(TiO2)=0.93％～1.03％,略富镁 w(MgO)=9.61％～12.04％、钙 w(CaO)=9.96％～1...     

晚上新世以来菲律宾海盆XT4孔黏土矿物特征及其古环境意义

菲律宾海是典型风尘汇聚区,菲律宾海远离吕宋岛的深海沉积物是重建构造尺度亚洲风尘演化历史的良好载体.选取菲律宾海盆XT4孔沉积物开展了黏土矿物研究,并结合前人研究成果,在明确该孔黏土矿物来源的基础上,探讨了晚上新世以来亚洲风尘的演化历史及其可能的影响机制.菲律宾海盆XT4孔黏土矿物以伊利石为主,平均含量为39％,蒙脱石含...     

喜马拉雅山脉中段土地覆被的垂直分异特征

喜马拉雅山脉中段的珠穆朗玛峰等地,海拔高差巨大、生境复杂多变、土地覆被类型多样且植被垂直带谱完整,是全球范围内研究土地覆被垂直变化的理想场所。本文基于30 m空间分辨率的土地覆被数据（2010年）和DEM数据,在ArcGIS和Matlab平台的支持下,提出并运用脊线法、样带法和扇区法3种山地南北坡划分方法,研究了喜马拉雅山土地覆被垂直分布与结构差异。结果表明：① 山地土地覆被分布具有明确的垂直地带性结构特征,喜马拉雅中部土地覆被垂直带谱为南六北四式,土地覆被垂直带谱中具有人类活动的特点。② 南北坡之间的土地覆被垂直带谱差异明显,南坡土地覆被类型完整多样,北坡相对简单;对同类型土地覆被而言,南坡较北坡分布高程低、幅度宽。③ 依据各类型分布面积比随海拔变化情况,土地覆被类型在南北坡上的垂直分布可分为4种模式：冰川雪被、稀疏植被和草地为单峰分布型,裸地为南单峰北双峰分布型。④ 3种划分方法中,南坡的土地覆被垂直带结构具有相似性,而北坡的土地覆被垂直带结构存在差异,扇区法较好地反映了土地覆被自然分布格局。     

Correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events over AD 1525–2000

ENSO is an interannual mode which may be affected by external forcing, such as volcanic eruptions. Based on the reconstructed volcanic eruptions chronology and ENSO sequences, both 195 large volcanic eruptions(VEI≥4) and 398 ENSO(El Ni?o and La Ni?a) events were extracted from 1525 to 2000. An analysis of the correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events was performed by matching the large volcanic eruptions with the types and magnitudes of ENSO events present in the 0–2 years after the eruptions. The results show the following:(1) The percentages of ENSO events within the 3 years after the large eruptions had increased to 68.3% from 31.7% compared with those with no-eruptions in the previous 0–2 years. In addition, the ratio of El Ni?o to La Ni?a events turned from 2:3 to 1:1, and more El Ni?o events occurred in the 0 year after eruptions in the low-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and in the tropics but more La Ni?a events occurred in the 0 year after in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.(2) After the eruptions, the weak(W) El Ni?o events had increased by 8 percentage points and the very strong(VS) El Ni?o events had decreased by 10 percentage points; conversely, there was a decrease by 15 percentage points of the weak La Ni?a events and an increase by 11.4 percentage points of the very strong La Ni?a events. Specifically, the percentages of strong La Ni?a events increased to a peak at 1(+1) year after the eruptions.(3) The percentage of eruptions followed by single-year ENSO was the greatest. The percentage of ENSO events that occurred in the consecutive 2 years following an eruption was approximately equal to the percentage of events that occurred consecutively 3 years following an eruption, and both sets of ENSO magnitudes showed a decreasing trend.