汶川地震对湖北地震活动趋势的影响

探讨汶川地震对湖北地震活动的影响,认为龙门山断裂带与襄樊-广济构造带同属于扬子板块西部和北部边缘,是扬子板块逆冲插入青藏板块和秦岭微板块之下形成的。历史强震统计结果表明,四川中西部及周边强震活动对湖北及周边地区中强地震活动影响明显,且对应率较高。汶川地震后3年内,湖北及周边地区具有发生中等强度地震的可能。同时也指出,近几年湖北及周边的地震活动是汶川地震前期东部地区应力场调整的结果。     

The geobiological formation process of the marine source rocks in the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation of South China

The Chihsia Formation is one of the four sets of regional marine hydrocarbon source rocks from South China.In the past two decades,detailed geochemical and sedimentological studies have been carried out to investigate its origination,which have demonstrated that the high primary productivity plays a primary role in the deposition of sediments enriched in the organic matter.However,the mechanism of this high productivity and the path of the deposition and burial of the organic matter have always been a mystery.Based on the previous studies on the Shangsi Section in Guangyuan City,Sichuan Province,we proposed that the development of the equatorial upwelling due to the sea level rise is responsible for the relatively high productivity in the Chihsia Formation.The sea waters with high nutrient were transported by the sub-surface currents along the equator.High organic carbon flux was deposited on the deeper shelf,and then decomposed by bacteria,leading to the occurrence of anaerobic respiration.The metabolism of the microorganisms consumed the dissolved oxygen in waters,which was in favor of the preservation of the organic matter.This suggested geobiological model integrating with paleoclimatology,paleoceanography and geomicrobiology will help us to understand the causes of this particular sedimentary sequence.     

A land surface model (IAP94) for climate studies Part II: Implementation and preliminary results of coupled model with IAP GCM

The Institute of Atmospheric Physics Land Surface Model (IAP94) has been incorporated into the IAP two-level atmospheric general circulation model (IAP GCM). Global and regional climatology averaged over the last 25 years of 100 year integrations from the IAP GCM with and without IAP94 (“bucket” scheme) is compared. The simulated results are also compared with the reanalysis data. Major findings are:(1) The IAP GCM simulation without IAP94 has extensive regions of warmer than observed surface air tempera?tures, while the simulation with IAP94 very much improves the surface air temperature.(2) The IAP GCM simulation with IAP94 gives improvement of the simulated precipitation pattern and intensity, especially the precipitation of East Asian summer monsoon and its intraseasonal migration of the rainbelts.(3) In five selected typical regions, for most of the surface variables such as surface air temperature, precipitation, precipitation minus evaporation, net radiation, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, the IAP GCM with IAP94 pro?vides better simulations.     

安徽庐枞火山岩盆地橄榄玄粗岩系的地球化学特征及其对下扬子地区晚中生代岩石圈减薄机制的约束

庐枞盆地内的中生代火山-潜火山岩具高钾和相对富碱为特性,属典型的橄榄玄粗岩系列。它们在地球化学上表现出明显富集Rb、Th、U、K等强不相容元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb和Ta的特征。Nd、Sr同位素组成总体位于富集型的扬子克拉通岩石圈地幔的范围内或其附近,显示其母岩浆主要是由富集型地幔部分熔融形成的。火山-潜火山岩的成分变异趋势显示橄榄玄粗质幔源岩浆在高压下(斜长石稳定压力之下,1.5GPa)经历过以单斜辉石和钛铁氧化物为主的矿物分离结晶作用。低压下矿物的分离结晶作用及上地壳物质的混染则不明显。这套火山-潜火山岩的部分地球化学性质(如Ce/Yb比值)类似于大洋岛弧内的橄榄玄粗岩,可能意味着区内由于岩石圈的减薄,软流圈地幔上涌到了岩石圈相对较浅的部位,控制源区部分熔融的主要是尖晶石相地幔岩。虽然局部(如靠近郯庐断裂的盆地西缘)可能存在着明显的热侵蚀,但"突发性的"机械拆沉是区内(乃至整个长江中下游地区)岩石圈减薄的主要机制。在整个晚中生代岩石圈减薄的过程中,这两种机制可能一直相互促进着。     

张家界旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响

运用核密度估计法和标准差椭圆分析法,分析张家界旅游企业空间成长特征及演化过程;选取紧凑度指标,结合城镇空间均衡分布椭圆,分析张家界城镇空间形态演化过程;通过比较不同阶段旅游企业椭圆和城镇空间椭圆的重合面积,剖析旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响程度。研究发现：① 张家界旅游企业空间成长过程和特征为：由出现期的“一核多极点”逐渐演变为生成期的“核心-边缘”,最后在发展期形成一个高集聚中心和三个次中心联动的“组团扩展型”格局;② 张家界建成区面积呈现增长态势,城镇空间不断扩展,建成区用地紧凑度逐渐下降;③ 不同阶段,张家界旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响程度有一定的差异性,整体呈现出逐渐增强的趋势。研究结论对于重新认识旅游对城镇化建设的作用具有重要的现实意义。     

喜马拉雅构造-成矿域及其成矿效应初步分析

通过近年来的研究 ,提出了全新的喜马拉雅构造 -成矿域概念。从大喜马拉雅构造域及其成矿效应出发 ,通过构造域对矿集区的控制作用、成矿时代、成矿物质来源、深部过程与成矿效应的分析 ,从而较全面地评价了青藏高原及邻区的资源潜力和需要进一步工作的重要成矿带或矿集区。通过分析认为喜马拉雅构造 -成矿域内强烈的壳幔物质交换 ,下地壳翻天覆地的物质和流体交换 ,导致了在同一构造地质单元内可以有一个或多个超大型矿床的存在。并对多个重要矿床类型提出了更切合实际的观点 ,如西藏甲马铜钼银铅锌金多金属矿床属于矽卡岩 -斑岩复合型 ,云南羊拉铜钼金多金属矿床也属于矽卡岩 -斑岩复合型矿床等。在喜马拉雅构造域内形成的燕山晚期或喜马拉雅期矿床大多和大陆地壳深部复杂的动力学过程有关 ,所形成的矿床矿物组合及成矿元素组合复杂 ,特别是矿石中钴、银元素含量较高 ,许多矿床中银、钴已经作为主要成矿元素。最后明确提出了青藏高原主体及东缘重要矿集区的资源潜力     

黄河断流对三角洲油气开发环境的影响

黄河断流对三角洲海上油气开发环境的负面影响是显著的,对流域的国民经济可持续发展的影响更是巨大。黄河断流对整个流域海上开发环境的影响深远,解决起来是一个很大的系统工程。从1999年的情况看,由于各级领导重视和措施得当,黄河断流的状况已得到很大缓解,黄河断流已由先前百天以上减少到1999年只断流41d(利津站)。2000年至今,黄河尚未发生过断流。本文从许多学者的研究资料入手,讨论黄河断流对三角洲油气开发环境的影响。     

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Giant Long‐Runout Landslide: A Case Study of the Gamisi Ancient Landslide in the Upper Minjiang River,China

The upper reaches of the Minjiang River are in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where active faults are well developed and earthquakes frequently occur. Anomalous climate change and the extremely complex geomechanical properties of rock and soil have resulted in a number of geohazards. Based on the analysis of remote sensing interpretations, geological field surveys, geophysical prospecting and geological dating results, this paper discusses the developmental characteristics of the Gamisi ancient landslide in Songpan County, Sichuan Province, and investigates its geological age and formation mechanism. This study finds that the Gamisi ancient landslide is in the periglacial region of the Minshan Mountain and formed approximately 25 ka BP. The landslide initiation zone has a collapse and slide zone of approximately 22.65×106–31.7×106 m3 and shows a maximum sliding distance of approximately 1.42 km, with an elevation difference of approximately 310 m between the back wall of the landslide and the leading edge of the accumulation area. The landslide movement was characterized by a high speed and long runout. During the sliding process, the landslide body eroded and dammed the ancient Minjiang River valley. The ancient river channel was buried 30-60 m below the surface of the landslide accumulation area. Geophysical prospecting and drilling observations revealed that the ancient riverbed was approximately 80-100 m thick. After the dam broke, the Minjiang River was migrated to the current channel at the leading edge of the landslide. The Gamisi ancient landslide was greatly affected by the regional crustal uplift, topography, geomorphology and paleoclimatic change. The combined action of periglacial karstification and climate change caused the limestone at the rear edge of the landslide fractured, thus providing a lithological foundation for landslide occurrence. Intense tectonic activity along the Minjiang Fault, which runs through the middle and trailing parts of the Gamisi ancient landslide, may have been the main factor inducing landsliding. Studying the Gamisi ancient landslide is of great significance for investigating the regional response to paleoclimatic change and geomorphologic evolution of the Minjiang Fault since the late Pleistocene and for disaster prevention and mitigation.     

澜沧江河流沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

为研究澜沧江沉积物的物质来源及相邻地块的地壳生长和演化规律,利用LA-MC-ICP-MS分析技术,对澜沧江河流沉积物碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究。结果表明：锆石U-Pb年龄主要有5个年龄段,分别是＜177 Ma、201~418 Ma、428~544 Ma、581~1189 Ma和1406~2533 Ma,主要峰值为260 Ma、788 Ma、1 827 Ma和2 474 Ma。其年龄分布特征与北羌塘地块的年龄分布非常一致,说明澜沧江沉积物主要来源于北羌塘地块;结合Hf同位素分析结果,能够反映源区北羌塘地块的形成与演化历史。新太古代-中元古代是北羌塘地块从亏损地幔物质增生的地壳持续生长阶段,它们构成现今北羌塘地块全部地壳物质的78%以上,此后直到0.64 Ga,北羌塘地块的地壳增生作用基本结束。