南羌塘坳陷上三叠统—下侏罗统碳酸盐岩元素地球化学特征及指示意义

南羌塘坳陷三叠系与侏罗系地层之间存在广泛的沉积间断,针对这一时期地层的研究对于南羌塘盆地在该时期的沉积环境以及构造演化具有重要意义。笔者等以南羌塘坳陷内上三叠统—下侏罗统索布查组碳酸盐岩的地球化学元素为对象进行相关分析。剔除陆源组分影响之后利用微量元素对碳酸盐岩进行沉积环境分析显示索布查组碳酸盐岩沉积时处于氧化环境,且地层由下往上水体逐渐变深,盐度逐渐增加,且研究区在当时处于炎热干燥的气候环境下。碳酸盐岩中的REE含量主要受陆源组分的影响,Ce与Eu主要反映的是陆源碎屑的特征。Ce的负异常反映陆源碎屑源岩沉积时为氧化环境,Eu的正异常主要来自含长石碎屑岩的风化淋滤导致。根据样品中与陆源碎屑相关的稳定元素特征结合区域地质调查推断陆源碎屑源岩为研究区北部中央隆起带附近的上三叠统土门格拉组地层。土门格拉组地层由于南、北羌塘地块汇聚隆升而成为索布查组碳酸盐岩中陆源碎屑的来源,之后南羌塘坳陷开始拉伸,索布查组碳酸盐岩开始沉积,其形成表示南羌塘坳陷开始进入被动大陆边缘沉积的演化阶段。     

页岩层系不同岩矿组合试样渗透率变化规律差异及其机理分析

页岩地层垂向岩矿组合变化大,页岩气开采需要对储层进行大规模人工水力压裂改造。笔者等基于样品的全岩X-射线衍射分析,通过对不同岩矿组合的3块页岩试样进行流—固耦合物理模拟实验,获得了3点认识,反映了不同岩矿成分的页岩在不同条件微裂缝与渗透率的变化特征,以及碳酸盐矿物含量高时的影响。这一实验对于研究页岩储层在压裂过程中的变化具有探索性,对于页岩气生产具有重要的参考意义。     

青海昆仑河北地区岩浆活动、金矿成矿特征及找矿前景分析

青海昆仑河北地区靠近昆中断裂带,经历早古生代、晚古生代—中生代多期岩浆活动,近年来自西至东陆续发现黑海北、拉陵灶火、苏海图、加祖它士西、向阳沟、加祖它士东、大灶火、黑刺沟等多个金矿床（点）,形成一条东西长度近150 km长的成矿带。文章在总结带内金矿成矿基本特征基础上,选取黑海北金矿和加祖它士东金矿的赋矿围岩开展锆石U-Pb定年,结果显示黑海北硅化二长花岗岩锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为443±8 Ma,形成于原特提斯洋向柴达木地块俯冲碰撞后伸展环境;加祖它士东的花岗闪长岩脉含有较多的继承锆石,锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为250±1 Ma,继承锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为420±2 Ma,加祖它士东花岗闪长岩侵位于古特提斯洋向北俯冲背景下的大陆弧构造环境。综合分析认为昆仑河北地区金矿成矿作用与早中生代三叠纪岩浆活动关系更为密切,其矿床类型存在造山型金矿与岩浆热液型金矿两种不同认识。昆仑河北地区土壤化探异常、低阻高极化激电异常、主要断裂（穿矿区）的次级断裂形成的蚀变破碎带等可以作为区内主要的找矿标志,推测该成矿带具有较大的找矿前景。      

Application of Optically Stimulated Luminescence Technique in Exploring a Concealed Sandstone-type Uranium Deposit

Identifying ore-induced geochemical anomalies at the surface that indicate concealed deposits in buried areas remains a significant challenge in geochemical exploration. In this study, in order to trace the source of the geochemical anomalies, systematic luminescence intensity analyses were conducted on quartz grains from the Quaternary regolith at the Hadatu sandstone-type uranium deposit in the Erenhot Basin. The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages were much older than the depositional ages of the Quaternary regolith. Moreover, quartz OSL ages were closely related to both borehole grades and sampling depths. Thus, the abnormal mineral OSL ages from near-surface sediments were ultimately controlled by the sandstone-type uranium deposits. This is identical to the rapid changes of quartz OSL ages (0.063 ka/cm) and equivalent doses (0.19 Gy/cm) with depths in a given sampling site. The instantaneous soil radon concentration was positively correlated with the quartz OSL apparent age, indicating their ore-induced origin and, as a result, their effectiveness in the exploration of concealed uranium deposits. Other parameters, including mobile-state uranium and 210Po contents, were poorly correlated with quartz OSL ages and therefore should only be used with caution for geochemical exploration. This is the first time an attempt has been made to discriminate the ore-induced sources for different surface anomaly parameters, including instantaneous soil radon, mobile-state uranium and 210Po contents for concealed sandstone-type uranium deposits.     

山东省沂南县东部土壤重金属生态健康风险评价

【研究目的】 山东是中国矿业与农业发达省份、沂南县东部堪称其代表。掌握当地土壤重金属污染及对生态健康风险的影响对生态环境保护有重要意义。【研究方法】 系统调查分析表层土壤样品4779件,获取Hg、Cd、Cr、Ni、As、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素分布最新数据,并用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评估模型等评价研究了生态健康风险及相关问题。【研究结果】 （1）上述重金属均量与临沂市土壤背景值大致相当,仅Hg略偏高且变异系数最大,指示当地土壤Hg受人类活动影响明显。与国家农用地土壤污染风险筛选值相比,Cu、Cr、Ni是相对主要超标元素,As、Cd、Cu、Pb超标倍数大,它们均可能会产生生态健康危害;（2）据地累积指数平均值,该区土壤总体无污染,据单样值,Hg、Cu污染最突出,其他6元素污染较轻;（3）生态风险方面,Hg、Cd是主要生态风险元素,As、Cu次之。高生态风险区为铜井镇南东部、界湖镇西北金场附近以及县城西部主城区3个片区;（4）人体健康风险方面,重金属对成人不具有非致癌风险和致癌风险,极个别地区对儿童具有非致癌风险和致癌风险,Cr、As是主要非致癌风险元素,As致癌风险最大。【结论】 沂南县东部土壤质量总体较好,铜井镇南东部、界湖镇西北金场附近以及县城西部主城区3个片区为高生态风险区,Hg、Cr、As为主要生态健康风险元素。     

基于原位双环、试坑浸水试验和数值模拟反演的Q3黄土饱和渗透系数对比研究

为准确获取原状Q3黄土的竖向和水平饱和渗透系数,进行了原位、室内试验测试以及数值模拟反演,并应用大型试坑浸水试验检验了所获饱和渗透系数的可靠性。进行了不同内径尺寸的原位双环入渗试验,获取了竖向饱和渗透系数,并应用室内试验测试了竖向和水平饱和渗透系数以及持水曲线;应用COMSOL软件对双环入渗试验进行数值模拟,检验了所测饱和渗透系数的可靠性,利用正交试验获得了最优的竖向和水平饱和渗透系数取值,并利用反演结果对试坑进行数值模拟,将其水分入渗情况与实测值对比。研究结果表明：在现场进行双环入渗试验时选取较大内径的双环获得的竖向饱和渗透系数更为合理。针对双环入渗试验,数值模拟反演所得最优饱和渗透系数在竖向上接近于原位试验所得竖向饱和渗透系数、水平向上接近室内所测水平向饱和渗透系数,竖向饱和渗透系数比水平向饱和渗透系数更加显著地影响水分入渗过程。通过对大型试坑水分入渗情况的验证,检验了反演所得最优饱和渗透系数的可靠性。     

有载冻融作用对深部重塑黏土抗剪强度影响的试验研究北大核心CSCD

深厚表土层冻结法凿井工程中,深部土体由于经历了高压冻融作用,导致其工程性质变化,认识冻融作用对其强度与变形影响,对于冻融病害防治有一定意义。本文通过室内试验对深部重塑黏土进行了有载冻融,并对不同干密度、围压、冻结温度和融化温度条件下的深部冻融重塑黏土进行三轴剪切试验,探讨有载冻融作用下深土重塑土抗剪强度的变化规律。研究结果表明:冻融作用使深部重塑黏土的偏应力-应变关系由软化型转变成硬化型;同时,经冻融作用后其抗剪强度与割线模量都产生了一定的下降,在本试验条件下,抗剪强度最高下降了48.8%,割线模量E_()最大下降了72.0%。通过对各影响因素的显著性分析,发现初始干密度对抗剪强度和割线模量影响最为显著,围压对两者的影响最弱。     

The rapidly shrinking cryopshere in the past decade：an interpretation of cryospheric changes from IPCC WGI Sixth Assessment Report北大核心CSCD

The Working Group I report of the Sixth Assessment Report（AR6）of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC）was released in August 2021. Base on updated and expanding data, AR6 presented the improved assessment of past changes and processes of cryosphere. AR6 also predicted the future changes us⁃ ing the models in CMIP6. The components of cryosphere were rapid shrinking under climate warming in the last decade. There were decreasing trends in Arctic sea-ice area and thickness. Sea-ice loss was significant. The Greenland Ice Sheet, the Antarctic Ice Sheet and all glaciers lost more mass than in any other decade. Global warming over the last decades had led to widespread permafrost warming, active layer thickness increasing and subsea permafrost extent reducing. Snow cover extent in the Northern Hemisphere also decreased significantly. However, the variations of snow depth and snow water equivalent showed great spatial heterogeneity. The rapid shrinking of the cryosphere accelerated the global mean sea level rise. The impact of human activities on cryo⁃ sphere will become more significant in the future. The Arctic sea-ice area will decrease, and the Arctic Ocean will likely become practically sea ice-free. The Greenland Ice Sheet, the Antarctic Ice Sheet and glaciers will continue to lose mass throughout this century. Permafrost and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent will con⁃ tinue to decrease as global climate continues to warm. In addition, there are still uncertainties in the prediction of cryosphere due to the absence of observations, the poor sensitivity of models to the components and processes of cryosphere, and the inexplicit represent of the mechanism of light-absorbing impurities. More attentions should be paid on these issues in the future. © 2022 Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

甘肃北山前红泉地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向

前人在研究区开展过1∶20万水系沉积物测量及重砂测量,但受比例尺限制,异常面积过大,查证目标不够明确,找矿效果不佳。本次通过对前红泉地区开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,初步总结了该区地球化学特征,根据元素组合特征、成矿地质条件等圈定出综合异常10处;在分析综合异常特征、异常检查情况及成矿潜力的基础上划分了成矿远景区4个,分别为受断裂和韧性剪切带控制的万岁山金成矿远景区、黑山头金多金属成矿远景区、与基性岩有关的帐房山铜钴镍成矿远景区及受酸性岩体内构造裂隙控制的红柳疙瘩钨成矿远景区;在成矿远景区内优选出找矿靶区4处,并提出了下一步找矿工作的建议。     

Experimental Research on Flooding Oil by Water Imbibition in Tight Sandstone Oil Reservoir

<正>1 Introduction In recent years,tight oil reservoir has become one of the hot areas of oil and gas exploration and development.Exploration practice shows the technically mineable resources of tight oil in China is(20~25)×10~8t,which has broad prospects for exploitation.However,the natural productivity of single well in tight sandstone oil reservoirs