清代伊犁地区人口迁移研究

清初,伊犁地区人口稀少、边防空虚,清政府为了充实伊犁地区的防务力量,采取了人口迁移的方式,移民固边。移民的群体主要来自两个地方,一是南疆地区的维吾尔族民众,迁入伊犁河谷从事农业生产,是迁入的高峰时期乾隆年间到道光年间,迁入人口的总数在一万人以上。光绪年间,伊犁地区部分维吾尔移民被迫迁入俄罗斯;二是来自东北盛京地区的锡伯族,迁移人口为四千零三十人,迁入的主要目的是永久性的驻守边防,减少政府的军费开支。经过移民的建设,到新疆建省时,伊犁地区已经成为新疆的政治、军事中心。     

深海海底沉积物声学特性原位测量试验研究

由于实验室测试环境条件与深海海底的原位温压环境存在较大的差异,取样测量的沉积物声学参数通常偏离海底原位状态的真实值.该文利用深水型压载式沉积声学原位测量系统,在水深超过5000 m的西太平洋海域开展了沉积物声学原位测量试验,准确获取了深海底原位状态下沉积物的声速和声衰减系数,并同步采集了沉积物柱状样品.结果显示,实验室测量的沉积物声速、声衰减系数均高于原位测量结果.通过温压校正和数据—模型对比表明,实验室声速比与原位声速比存在较大的差异,难以通过温压校正模型和频散模型完全改正,这可能与深海沉积物的结构扰动有关.较之浅海沉积物,软弱的深海沉积物结构更易受到采样过程的扰动,因而深海沉积物的声学特性测量更为困难,这表明在深海海底声学研究采用原位测量技术具有必要性.该研究标志着我国海底声学研究由浅海走向深海,对推动海底声学的深入研究具有重要意义.     

一种新型电镀法制备的Ir/Ir(OH)x pH电极及其在加州纽波特港海域的应用研究

Resulting from the rising levels of atmospheric carbon, ocean acidification has become a global problem. It has significant impacts on the development, survival, growth and physiology of marine organisms. Therefore, a highprecision sensor is urgently needed to measure the pH of sea-water. Iridium wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm is used as the substrate, and an Ir/Ir(OH)_x pH electrode is prepared by a one-step electrochemical method in a Li OH solution at the room temperature. A scanning electron microscope(SEM) observation reveals that it is coated with nanoscale particles. In laboratory tests, the electrode exhibits a very promising pH response, with an ideal Nernst slope(56.14–59.52), fast response, good stability and long life-span in tested pH buffer solutions. For a sea trial,four pH electrodes and one Ag/Ag Cl reference electrode are integrated with a self-made chemical sensor, and a profile detection of nearly 70 m is implemented near Newport Harbor, California on August 3, 2015. The results reflect that the pH value measured by the sensor is very close to the data given by Sea-Bird 911 plus CTD, with a difference value ranging from 0.000 075 to 0.064 719. And the sensor shows a better data matching degree in 0–40m water depth. In addition, the high precision and accuracy of the sensor make it possible to use in the ocean observation field.     

一种保持矢量数据几何形状的数字水印算法

针对目前矢量地理空间数据数字水印技术的需求,从矢量地理空间数据特点分析出发,运用矢量地理空间数据线状、面状要素具有的冗余数据的特性,首先在矢量地理数据中增加冗余数据点,然后通过控制冗余点在线状要素上的移动来嵌入水印信息,实现了高保真的矢量地理空间数据数字水印算法,最后对嵌入水印后数据的可用性以及算法的鲁棒性进行了试验分析.     

南极冰藻逆境适应性机理的研究进展

<正>1956年,Bunt等[1]在南极莫森站附近海域首先观察到了海冰中的有色物质——冰藻,它主要是指生活在南极极端环境海冰中的一大类微型藻类(简称冰藻)。进入20世纪90年代,随着"南极海冰区生态学研究计划"和"南极海冰区近岸和陆架系统生     

Study on Sound-Speed Dispersion in A Sandy Sediment at Frequency Ranges of 0.5-3 kHz and 90-170 kHz

In order to study the properties of sound-speed dispersion in a sandy sediment, the sound speed was measured both at high frequency (90-170 kHz) and low frequency (0.5-3 kHz) in laboratory environments. At high frequency, a sampling measurement was conducted with boiled and uncooked sand samples collected from the bottom of a large water tank. The sound speed was directly obtained through transmission measurement using single source and single hydrophone. At low frequency, an in situ measurement was conducted in the water tank, where the sandy sediment had been homogeneously paved at the bottom for a long time. The sound speed was indirectly inverted according to the traveling time of signals received by three buried hydrophones in the sandy sediment and the geometry in experiment. The results show that the mean sound speed is approximate 1710-1713 m/s with a weak positive gradient in the sand sample after being boiled (as a method to eliminate bubbles as much as possible) at high frequency, which agrees well with the predictions of Biot theory, the effective density fluid model (EDFM) and Buckingham''s theory. However, the sound speed in the uncooked sandy sediment obviously decreases (about 80%) both at high frequency and low frequency due to plenty of bubbles in existence. And the sound-speed dispersion performs a weak negative gradient at high frequency. Finally, a water-unsaturated Biot model is presented for trying to explain the decrease of sound speed in the sandy sediment with plenty of bubbles.     

空域矢量地理数据水印算法及攻击方法分析

本文提出了一种数据精度较高的基于灰度图像的空间域矢量地理数据水印算法,总结了一些矢量地理数据水印的常用攻击方法,并通过实验证明该算法对数据精度的影响较小鲁棒性较强,文中的攻击方法能比较全面地评价矢量地理数据水印算法的优劣。     

浅析长春市第一次地理国情普查外业核查工作及难点处理

有别于传统测绘,地理国情普查的主要成果来自于遥感影像解译,以及行业参考资料的整合,成果的准确性需要外业的检验,外业核查工作尤为重要。长春市作为地处平原向丘陵、山地过渡带上的中心城市,无论是复杂的中心城区,还是台地、丘陵的退耕还林地区都成为外业核查工作必须解决的难点。本文阐述了长春市外业核查工作在工作内容与工作环节两方面遇到的问题及处理方法,以期为行业外业核查工作提供参考。     

四川中生代陆相盆地孢粉组合所反映的古植被与古气候特征

四川中生界陆相地层中所采集的70余件孢粉样品,仅晚三叠世须家河组、中侏罗世新田沟组和沙溪庙组中的20余件样品中分离和鉴定有丰富孢粉化石.研究发现,这些孢粉化石记录了四川盆地内晚三叠世～白垩纪植物属种和数量持续减少,气候环境由温暖湿润演变为炎热和干旱的过程.     

东天山四顶黑山地区545Ma层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体的发现及其大地构造学和成矿学意义

在东天山四顶黑山地区元古代深变质地层中发现层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体,研究了它的产状、岩石类型、结构构造、矿物组成、稀土微量元素地球化学、年代学等特征及其发现的地质意义.层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩为后侵位的镁铁质杂岩体和花岗岩所穿切与破坏,其正堆晶结构发育,并可划分出两个结晶与演化旋回.四顶黑山层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的稀土微量元素含量和配分结构与该地区镁铁质杂岩、及图拉尔根镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体明显不同,具低∑REE、正δEu异常、高Sr低Rb、高Nb/U值、及Nb、Zr和Hf亏损等地球化学特征,该特征与裂谷成因的攀枝花层状辉长岩和曹家村层状岩体非常相似,这意味着四顶黑山层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩可能也形成于裂谷构造环境.选择层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体下部韵律层顶部辉石角闪石岩、镁铁质杂岩体闪长岩和角闪花岗岩中的角闪石开展39Ar/40Ar定年,结果显示3种岩体分别形成于545±5Ma、263.8±2.6Ma和200.8±0.91Ma.四顶黑山545Ma裂谷成因层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体的发育,意味着早寒武世是天山地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩型Cu-Ni矿的成矿期之一,天山地区在元古宙变质岩为基底的古大陆在早寒武世出现了雏形裂谷构造,545Ma可能是古天山洋形成的初始期.