Scanning electron microscopy of quartz grains in supraglacial debris, Adishy Glacier, Caucasus Mountains, USSR

The surface microtopography of quartz grains in glacial depostis has often been attributed to mechanical release from source rocks during weathering and prior to entrainment by glaciers. Fractures on quartz particles, including subparallel and conchoidal features, often attributed to cryostatic pressure in ice and stick-slip processes at the base of glaciers, have been considered, in part, to result from mechanical weathering of source rocks. To test this hypothesis we studied 15 samples of supraglacial debris from the Adishy Glacier in the central Caucasus Mountains, USSR. Clasts in transport on the surface of the glacier originate primarily from the cirque headwall by weathering and mass wasting processes; a minor amount is presumed to have been derived from aeolian influx following reworking of older sediments down valley. The results show unequivocally that mechanical weathering is only likely to produce grains with pronounced fracture faces that lack subparallel and conchoidal fracture features. No fresh glacial-crushing type features were observed on these samples. Grains that had been glacially crushed, weathered and retransported, presumably by aeolian processes, were observed in four samples of the data set.     

地核半径及核面无通量线上流速的确定

本文用Hide提出的方法和1965、1970及1 980年代的国际地磁参考场（IGRF）资料计算了地球导电流体核的半径,与地震波求出的地核半径值接近。在导电流体地核冻结磁场的假设下,提出了一种计算地核表面无通量线上流体全速度的方法。计算结果表明无通量线上流体速度可以达到18km/年,并且有占优势的西漂分量。     

基于信号估计的高分辨率叠加速度分析

如何得到高分辨率的叠加速度谱是高分辨率地震资料处理的关键.本文在分析地震共中心点(CDP)道集的振幅随偏移距变化(AVO)特性的基础上,提出一种信号模型来逼近CDP道集,然后利用优化技术估计信号,并采用信号估计误差实现信号检测,从而提出一种新的基于信号检测和估计的高分辨率叠加速度谱分析方法.文中的方法充分利用地震信号波形中所包含的速度信息.     

地核半径及核面无通量线上流速的确定

本文用Hide提出的方法和1965、1970及1 980年代的国际地磁参考场（IGRF）资料计算了地球导电流体核的半径,与地震波求出的地核半径值接近。在导电流体地核冻结磁场的假设下,提出了一种计算地核表面无通量线上流体全速度的方法。计算结果表明无通量线上流体速度可以达到18km/年,并且有占优势的西漂分量。     

Constant Ps-T Amphibolite to Granulite Facies Transition in Agto (West Greenland) Metadolerites: Implications and Applications

Within the Isortoq Complex of central West Greenland, doleritedykes have been metamorphosed in upper amphibolite to garnetgranulite facies. Detailed sampling and petrographic study ofthese dykes demonstrate that the entire sequence of assemblagesmay occur in individual dykes, with the amphibolite facies assemblagesnormally restricted to dyke margins, garnet granulite faciesrocks occurring in the dyke cores, and pyroxene granulite faciesrocks intervening between these two. Electron microprobe analysisof all coexisting phases demonstrates that the progression fromamphibolite facies to granulite facies assemblages results inthe extraction of edenite and tschermakite components from theamphibole in approximately a 2: 1 ratio. As amphibole breakdownproceeds, systematic changes in element abundance within amphiboleoccur when reactions are crossed, due to the development ofnew phases. The algebraic removal of small but systematic compositionalvariations within the dykes allows derivation of six equilibria,which provide a general model for metamorphism of basaltic rocksunder high grade metamorphic conditions. This model takes theform of the idealized assemblage sequences which will developalong (regional) gradients in X_H2O, temperature and/or solidpressure. Analysis of these equilibria demonstrates that variablesilica activity and Fe²⁺–Mg²⁺ exchange will modify reactionstoichiometry, will affect the ratio of edenite to tschermakitein amphibole breakdown reactions, and will modify the compositionof the product plagioclase. These variations together with variationsin water fugacity will locally modify the ideal assemblage sequences,and will explain the complex assemblage relationships observedin metabasic rocks of natural high grade terranes. ^*Present address: Instituttet for Teknisk Geologi, Danish Technical University, Building 204, DK–2800 Lyngby, Denmark     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘马家滩地区的构造样式与圈闭分布规律

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带是我国南北构造带的重要组成部分,是阿拉善地块与鄂尔多斯地块之间陆内构造变形的产物,研究其地质结构与构造样式是探讨陆内构造变形机制的基础,同时也是剖析地震活动与开展油气勘探的重要依据。本文基于该区近年来新的钻井、高精度二维与三维地震资料,应用构造解析方法,研究构造变形样式及圈闭分布特点。研究表明,马家滩地区地处鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带中段,经历长期的伸展—聚敛旋回演化,是贺兰山—六盘山陆内造山带变形系统的一部分。马家滩地区的地质结构具有"分带、分层、分段"特征,自西向东发育后缘伸展带(银川地堑)、逆冲推覆构造带(包括韦州—苋麻湾冲断席、石沟驿向斜)、前缘过渡带和天环凹陷;前缘过渡带以石炭—二叠系煤层或泥岩为区域滑脱层分为上、下构造变形系统,下构造变形系统向西缓倾,发育低幅度背斜;上构造变形系统发育三排断层相关褶皱背斜带,向南变窄,上构造变形系统因滑脱层发育差异而南、北分段,二者之间斜向过渡转换。马家滩地区及邻区主要发育伸展-聚敛旋回制约的反转构造系统、陆内造山变形制约的扩展式前陆变形系统和后陆造山后伸展变形系统等3种构造变形系统;前缘过渡带上部构造系统经历印支晚期、燕山期和喜马拉雅期三期变形,形成不同期次、不同方向的叠加构造。马家滩地区发育断层传播褶皱、双重构造、叠瓦构造、构造楔和反冲断裂组合(冲隆构造)等构造样式,形成断背斜、断鼻及断块等油气圈闭类型,圈闭分布受断层控制呈带展布。马家滩地区构造圈闭发育,为西缘油气勘探的有利远景目标区。     

不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的吸附行为对比研究

以皂石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石为原材料,分别与赖氨酸进行反应,研究赖氨酸在上述粘土矿物上的吸附行为, 并运用粉末X-射线衍射技术（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术（FTIR）和热重（TG）等分析方法,表征反应前后粘土 矿物的变化。实验结果表明,不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的吸附等温线均符合Freundlich等温方程,且不同粘土矿物对赖氨酸的 饱和吸附量大小顺序为：皂石>蒙脱石>绿泥石>高岭石>伊利石;XRD结果表明皂石对赖氨酸的吸附发生在矿物层间,而绿 泥石、高岭石和伊利石对赖氨酸的吸附主要在矿物表面进行;FTIR和TG结果表明赖氨酸主要取代粘土矿物层间吸附水,以 氢键的形式与Si-O-Si(IVAl)键合。实验结果将有助于进一步探明环境中粘土矿物对有机质的吸附机理。     

船舶螺旋桨尾流场的数值分析

利用基于速度势的低阶面元法计算船舶螺旋桨的尾流场。采用计算较为简捷的关于扰动速度势的基本积分微分方程，并采用双曲面形状的面凶以消除面元间的缝隙。Newton-Raphson迭代过程被用来在桨叶随边满足压力Kutta条件，使桨叶面上表面的压力在随边有良好的一致性。在计算面元的影响系数时，应用了Morino导出的解析计算公式，加快了数值计算的速度。从解面元法的基本积分方程得到的偶极强度和源汇强度，直接求得尾流场的速度分布。