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281.
This work briefly discusses the main features of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Special attention is paid to the identification and quantification of uncertainties related to seismic source characteristics and seismic engineering models for prediction of strong ground motions. The principal seismic models and the results of PSHA application for detailed seismic zoning of urban territories in Sakhalin Island are presented. 相似文献
282.
Some evidence of climate change in twentieth-century India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study of climate changes in India and search for robust evidences are issues of concern specially when it is known that
poor people are very vulnerable to climate changes. Due to the vast size of India and its complex geography, climate in this
part of the globe has large spatial and temporal variations. Important weather events affecting India are floods and droughts,
monsoon depressions and cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, prolonged fog and snowfall. Results of this comprehensive study
based on observed data and model reanalyzed fields indicate that in the last century, the atmospheric surface temperature
in India has enhanced by about 1 and 1.1°C during winter and post-monsoon months respectively. Also decrease in the minimum
temperature during summer monsoon and its increase during post-monsoon months have created a large difference of about 0.8°C
in the seasonal temperature anomalies which may bring about seasonal asymmetry and hence changes in atmospheric circulation.
Opposite phases of increase and decrease in the minimum temperatures in the southern and northern regions of India respectively
have been noticed in the interannual variability. In north India, the minimum temperature shows sharp decrease of its magnitude
between 1955 and 1972 and then sharp increase till date. But in south India, the minimum temperature has a steady increase.
The sea surface temperatures (SST) of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal also show increasing trend. Observations indicate occurrence
of more extreme temperature events in the east coast of India in the recent past. During summer monsoon months, there is a
decreasing (increasing) trend in the frequency of depressions (low pressure areas). In the last century the frequency of occurrence
of cyclonic storms shows increasing trend in the month of November. In addition there is increase in the number of severe
cyclonic storms crossing Indian Coast. Analysis of rainfall amount during different seasons indicate decreasing tendency in
the summer monsoon rainfall over Indian landmass and increasing trend in the rainfall during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon
months. 相似文献
283.
We propose an iterative algorithm for computing the synthesis of heavy elements through the rapid capture of neutrons (r-process) and, at sufficiently high temperatures, protons by simultaneously using two distinct computer codes. One of the codes describes the kinetics of nuclear reactions between light and intermediate chemical elements, which are the source of free neutrons and protons used by the second code to synthesize heavy elements from seed nuclides (isotopes near the iron peak of the cosmic abundance curve). The two codes interact through the neutron and proton reaction channels. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method with an example of the nucleosynthesis in a supernova’s helium shell triggered by the evaporation of neutrons and protons from α particles exposed to the neutrino flux from a collapsing stellar core. In this case, three or four iterations are enough to obtain an almost exact self-consistent solution. 相似文献
284.
Palaeomagnetism of Holocene lake sediments from north Poland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. M. Creer E. Hogg Z. Malkowski J. E. Mojski E. Niedziolka-Krol P. W. Readman P. Tucholka 《Geophysical Journal International》1979,59(2):287-313
Summary. Detailed palaeomagnetic investigations of 17 cores of Holocene lake sediments from four lakes in Poland show a pattern of declination variations similar to those found in Lake Windermere, England and in addition a well defined pattern of inclination variations. A total of nine inclination swings are observed compared to five declination swings and their phase relationships are such that both sets of swings cannot be periodic. Exact dating of the palaeomagnetic record is not possible as radiocarbon ages are over 1000 yr older than those deduced from palynological studies. Thermomagnetic and X-ray studies on magnetic concentrates confirm the results of studies of remanence cooling, IRM acquisition and coercivity experiments which are consistent with fine grained magnetite as the main magnetic mineral in the sediments. 相似文献
285.
Crustal and upper mantle structure of the northwestern North Island, New Zealand, from seismic refraction data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tim Stern E. G. C. Smith F. J. Davey K. J. Muirhead 《Geophysical Journal International》1987,91(3):913-936
The crustal and upper mantle structure of the northwestern North Island of New Zealand is derived from the results of a seismic refraction experiment; shots were fired at the ends and middle of a 575 km-long line extending from Lake Taupo to Cape Reinga. The principal finding from the experiment is that the crust is 25 ± 2 km thick, and is underlain by what is interpreted to be an upper mantle of seismic velocity 7.6 ± 0.1 km s−1 , that increases to 7.9 km s−1 at a depth of about 45 km. Crustal seismic velocities vary between 5.3 and 6.36 km s−1 with an average value of 6.04 km s−1 . There are close geophysical and geological similarities between the north-western North Island of New Zealand and the Basin and Range province of the western United States. In particular, the conditions of low upper-mantle seismic velocities, thin crust with respect to surface elevation, and high heat-flow (70–100 mW m−2 ) observed in these two areas can be ascribed to their respective positions behind an active convergent margin for about the past 20 Myr. 相似文献
286.
Distribution of arsenic and mercury in subtropical coastal beachrock,Gulf of Mannar,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J Dajkumar Sahayam N Chandrasekar S Krishna Kumar G Victor Rajamanickam 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(1):129-135
An assessment of coastal pollution was made on the basis of trace element concentrations (arsenic — As, mercury — Hg) in the
Gulf of Mannar. The beachrock samples were collected along the coastal tracts between Rameswaram and Kanyakumari. The samples
were dried and digested to determine the As and Hg using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS-air-acetylene and nitrous
oxide method). The As and Hg accumulation status of the beachrock was assessed using geo-accumulation index values (I
geo). The accumulation of As and Hg in the beachrock ranges from 2.75 to 20.72 μg g−1 and from 0.06 to 0.31 μg g−1, respectively. The As and Hg concentrations in the beachrocks are compared with crustal average values and average of other
region sediments. The possible source of the contamination is from atmospheric deposition and anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
287.
A. M. Dolgonosov N. K. Kolotilina A. G. Prudkovskii 《Geochemistry International》2016,54(13):1236-1251
This paper briefly describes original developments in the theoretical and practical ion chromatography. It is demonstrated that new methods may be applied for the highly-selective analysis of complex natural objects. The determination of different species of sulfur and other ions in the condensates of fumarolic gases is considered in detail as an example. 相似文献
288.
This work describes a young extrusive massif in the uppermost reaches of the Chegem River (Bashilauzu-su River), which had been considered as a feeder of the great sequence of Upper Pliocene rhyolite ignimbrites of the Verkhnechegemskaya caldera. The Upper Pleistocene age of the stratum, extrusive origin of automagmatic breccias and fluidolites, as well as its difference from rhyolites of the caldera are proven. The Bashilsky swell, located in the Late Pleistocene glacial trough, is evidence of young volcanism in this area, which has not been previously proposed. 相似文献
289.
J. I. Rostovceva A. N. Stafeev T. V. Sukhanova I. V. Latysheva V. L. Kosorukov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2016,71(4):281-289
Based on the spore-pollen data, the mineral composition of clay rocks, analyzed structures and facies, and a general paleogeographic analysis, the sedimentation conditions and landscapes of islands located during the Late Bajocian in the region of the present-day the Crimean Mountains have been reconstructed. It is shown that the sublatitudinally elongated insular land zone had a width of 30 km, the heights of the islands were no more than 1 km, with steep mudflow-affected northern slopes and with an extensive river system on the southern slopes. 相似文献
290.