Electron temperature variations during solar-maximum conditions (200–3500 km)

The electron temperature variations are investigated above Arecibo, Jicamarca, Millstone Hill, St. Santin and a polar area—located at the meridian of Millstone Hill. The data analyzed represent quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp ≤ 3) during a solar maximum (1967–1970). Between 200 and 600 km the electron temperature data stem from incoherent scatter measurements and above 600 km from the ISIS-1 observations. A simple analytical model which includes Fourier terms and cubic splines (for approximating the height dependence of the coefficients) describes the diurnal and seasonal pattern of the electron temperature in the altitude interval 200–3500 km. Three height regions are particularly striking, i.e. near 200 km where the diurnal variations show a sinusoidal pattern, the altitude interval up to approximately 1000 km which exhibits strong temperature gradients and a complex diurnal and seasonal structure, and the upper region beyond 1000 km which reflects again sinusoidal pattern but with a very pronounced latitudinal dependence.     

User's guide to REDUCE subroutines for algebraic computations in general relativity

We describe the use of a package of subroutines for general-relativistic algebraic computations written in the LISP-based algebraic programming system REDUCE developed by Anthony Hearn. The first group of routines calculates concomitants of the metric tensor such as the Riemann tensor, Ricci tensor, Ricci scalar, Einstein tensor and Weyl tensor from given covariant or covariant and contravariant metric tensor components. One of these procedures includes the evaluation of the Maxwell equations and invariants as well as the Maxwell energy momentum tensor. A second group of routines takes the components of a null tetrad as input and evaluates the null frame projections of the Riemann tensor, the Einstein tensor as well as – if required – the 14 local invariants of the Riemann tensor. It also includes a determination of the Petrov type. Perturbation calculations may be performed and run effectively. The output can be presented in a flexible format chosen according to the needs of the user. A number of further special-purpose programs are available on request. The article should enable a reader familar with General Relativity but unfamilar with formula manipulating system, to employ the package.     

Exact Boltzmann-Gas Filled Bianchi Type V Space-Times

Bianchi type V cosmological models are studied that contain a relativistic ideal Boltzmann gas. The effect of a cosmological constant upon the space-time geometry is also considered. In both high and low temperature limit the general solution of the Einstein gravitational field equations can be expressed in an exact closed parametric form. At final stages, depending on the presence or absence of the cosmological constant, cosmologies are driven to an isotropic inflationary open de Sitter type Universe or to an isotropic open Friedmann era.     

The Filament Disappearance of 7 May 1992 (the Ebi)

The 7 May 1992 filament disappearance in the low corona is analyzed. The cool and hot components of this event are studied, using H, soft X-ray and radio data. We first show the general effect of the disparition brusque (DB) on the life of the filament, which was a quiescent filament in the vicinity of an active region, and then give the history of the development of the 7 May event. The main stages of the event are: (i) the formation of hot arches spanning the cool filament; (ii) rise of the filament, with plasma ejection into the corona, in which we note some spreading of loops from the main body, with two distinct rising velocity phases of the H filament; (iii) formation of X-ray arches below the filament, the foot points of the arcades being two-ribbon H flare patches. The dynamics of H and X-rays features are given.     

THE SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO METEORITE

The San Juan Capistrano chondrite fell on 15 March 1973; the total recovered mass was 56 g. Electron microprobe, chemical and petrographic studies show it to be a member of the H group and of petrologic type 6. Rare gas studies show that only minor radiogenic gas loss has occurred and yield a K-Ar age of 4.6 × 10⁹ years and a Kr-Kr exposure age of 29 × 10⁶ years.     

深反射地震揭示喜马拉雅地区地壳上地幔的复杂结构

报告了中、美两国在喜马拉雅山区进行的第一次深反射地震试验的结果．试验剖面南起喜马拉雅山山脊南亚东县的帕里镇,向北穿过喜马拉雅山脊的荡拉,到达康马南的萨马达．剖面长约１００ｋｍ．共中心点（ＣＭＰ）叠加剖面上显示出：１．在地壳中部有一强反射带,向北缓倾斜下去,延长达１００ｋｍ以上．它可能代表了一个活动的逆冲断裂或是一条巨大的拆离带,印度地壳整体或下地壳沿此拆离层俯冲到藏南之下．２．上部地壳的反射很丰富,显示了上地壳存在着大规模的叠瓦状结构．３．下地壳的反射同相轴呈现短而有规律的分布,显示了塑性流变特征．４．在测线南部莫霍反射明显,深度达７２－７５ｋｍ．发现南部有双莫霍层的存在．５．试验中还取得莫霍层下面３２,３８,４８ｓ等双程走时的多条反射,向北倾斜,反射同相轴延续较长,信息丰富,反映了上地幔的成层结构和变形特征．这些结果对印度大陆地壳整体或其下地壳俯冲到藏南特提斯喜马拉雅地壳之下,并导致西藏南端地壳增厚的观点,给予了实质性的支持．     

Equivalent width of interstellar molecular lines

We have made an analysis of the observed equivalent widths of the lines of Lyman and Werner bands by Smith. The H₂ column densities of 3×10¹⁹ to 10²⁰ and the excitation temperature of 80 to 150 K satisfy the observations. This temperature refers to the kinetic temperature. We have also discussed the importance of getting the excitation temperature from lines of H₂ and other heteronuclear diatomic molecules for the same star and from different regions of space.