印度喜马偕尔邦下喜马拉雅西部的里菲迭层石

一、引言在苏联、澳大利亚和美国以及其他地区,新的迭层石研究方法和分类得到了迅速发展(斯米哈托夫,1962;克里罗夫,1963,1967;科马等,1965;拉宾,1969;沃尔特,1972;等)后,迭层石便作为晚前寒武纪或里非地层层序对比的有效工具。在世界各地都发现了迭层石,特别是在前寒武纪的     

上空有云流流出的台风的强度变化

一、导言 Erickson 和 Winston,(1972)第一次从气象卫星云图上观测到从西北太平洋的一个命名热带气旋(以下不管其强度,一概称为台风)的中心偶尔有范围很大的一股含有中云和高云的云流向东北方流出。作者们指出,这种云流是由大量的热带的热量和水汽输送到西风带里去造成的。Ramage(1974)研究了中国南海1970年10月的3个台风,得到的结论是:高空云流外流是由于在对流层上层有西风槽逼近而在槽前又有热通量的辐散所引起的。他还发现,在槽线以东的涡度平流会增强台风上空的质量辐散,而在云流形成时,风速也随之加大。他的这个发现与Riehl(1972)的结论是一致的,     

强风暴和风暴系统——科学根据、方法和关键问题

一、强风暴结构关于强热力对流的性质,目前了解的一直是来自1946年的“雷暴计划”。根据这种多方面的现场计划的结果,把小—中规模的“气团”雷暴认为在一定程度上是次单体或“胞”的随机结合,这种单体或“胞”的生命史约30分钟,虽然雷暴本身的生命可以长得多。在美国东南部地区夏季几乎每天都出现这种风暴,那里盛行暖湿的低层气流和弱风速切变。在美国中西部最常见的强而可能造成灾害的风暴,较典型的是春季发展于强环境风切变下的情况。近来由Marwitz所论述的某些例子包括多单体风暴、所谓超单体风暴以及在极强的切变下发展的各种超单体。     

加勒比海的一次非加深扰动的诊断研究(节译)

2、天气形势a、天气和云的分布文章中扰动例子是发生在1966年7月5日小安的列斯群岛的东南方。它开始增强向西北方向移到加勒比海,在那里五天内完全消失。选择7月6日和7日来研究,因为在这个时期里,扰动曾达到它最大强度,     

地球物理探矿研究中的新发展:大地电流

礦產原料當中可作為能力來源的一向被人重視,在這些礦物中作為內燃機燃料的基礎的石油尤其重要,我們可以舉幾個數字作為證例。 蘇聯在1955年所產的原油達7000萬噸,1960年的計劃產量將達13500萬噸。在美國1954年全國所消費的能量有66.8％是從石油和天然氣供給的,而煤炭供給的部分僅佔29.3％。但是在1950年時煤炭供給的能量尚佔全國消費的總能量     

Use of Surface Observations to Estimate Upper Air Humidity for the Objective Analysis of Relative Humidity over Indian Region

In the present study objective analyses of relative humidity (RH) at surface and at the levels of 850,700 and 500 hPa have been made using Gandin’s (1963) optimum interpolation scheme. As the horizontal resolution of the radiosonde stations is rather inadequate for upper air humidity analysis, a scheme has been developed, following Rasmussen (1982) to estimate the upper air RH from the surface observations like surface RH, present weather and cloud cover. The relative humidities at the levels 850, 700 and 500 hPa were related to the surface observations through three separate regression relations. The RH values at 850, 700 and 500 hPa levels were estimated from the surface RH, cloud coverage and present weather using the above regression relations and subsequently the objective analyses at 00 GMT for the period from 4 July to 8 July 1979, were made using these estimated data along with the observed radiosonde data. Objective analyses were also made for the same period using only the radiosonde data for comparison to study the impact of those estimated data. Root mean square errors were computed for all the five days by interpolating RH at the observing stations from the objectively analysed field and comparing them with the actually observed RH to examine how best the analyses (with and without estimated data) fitted the observations. Lastly they were compared with satellite cloud pictures. This study shows that the estimated upper air RH values have positive impact on the analysis of upper air RH and could be used over radiosonde date sparse region and even over oceanic regions.     

Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Anomalies and Their Link with Indian Summer Monsoon Failures

Analysis of the global mean annual temperature anomalies based on land and marine data for the last 88 years (1901-1988) of this century has been carried out with a view to find any relationship with failures in Indian summer monsoon rainfall. On the climatological scale (i.e. 30 years) it has been noticed that there is an abnormal increase in the frequency of drought years during epochs of global warming and cooling, while it is considerably less when global temperatures are near normal. Results are unchanged even when the data are filtered out for ENSO (El-Nino Southern Oscillation) effect.It has also been noticed that during warm and cold epochs in global temperatures the amount of summer monsoon rainfall decreases as compared to the rainfall during a normal temperature epoch.     

Velocity Curve Analysis of Spectroscopic Binary Stars AI Phe, GM Dra, HD 93917 and V502 Oph by Nonlinear Regression

We introduce a new method to derive the orbital parameters of spectroscopic bi-nary stars by nonlinear least squares of (o-c). Using the measured radial velocity data of the four double lined spectroscopic binary systems, AI Phe, GM Dra, HD 93917 and V502 Oph, we derived both the orbital and combined spectroscopic elements of these systems. Our numerical results are in good agreement with the those obtained using the method of Lehmann-Filhe's.