吉林东部大蒲柴河adakites锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其意义

地球化学研究表明,大蒲柴河岩体具有典型的埃达克岩特征,来自加厚下地壳的部分熔融作用.本文采用激光等离子质谱对该岩体进行了U-Pb同位素定年,结果表明该岩体为晚侏罗世(165Ma)岩浆活动的产物.锆石的LA-MC-ICPMS Hf同位素研究结果显示,ε_(Hf)(165Ma)范围为-5.02～5.43,二阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM2))范围为965～1622Ma,暗示原始母岩浆为两种不同源区岩浆的混合.另外,Hf同位素研究表明,研究区在中-新元古代时(965～1304Ma)曾经历了一次重要的地壳增生事件.     

南秦岭大堡组奥陶纪洋岛玄武岩的识别及其构造意义：来自地球化学和年代学证据

秦岭造山带以商-丹构造带为界分为北秦岭和南秦岭构造带.大堡组位于南秦岭构造带内,由灰色-深灰色的泥岩、粉砂岩和炭硅板岩,以及夹含炭硅质岩、灰岩和基性火山岩块体组成.在大堡组中出露的能干上和蚂蝗峡基性岩块夹于黑色的泥岩之中,岩石地球化学分析结果表明,SiO_2含量为41.53%～53.59%,富TiO_2为2.14%～3.58%,REE的总量为∑REE=282.3×10~(-6),轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富集[(La/Yb)_N=8.34],略显Eu正异常(Eu~*=1.13～1.25),具有较高的Ti/Y(300～622)和Zr/Y(3.8～7.4)比值.大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和K相对富集,无明显的Nb和Ta异常,其Nb和Ta值为N-MORB标准值的10～20倍,为典型洋岛玄武岩(OIB)地球化学特征.锆石SHRIMP Ⅱ U-Pb测年获得能干上和蚂蝗峡基性岩块体分别形成于446Ma和455Ma.这些资料进一步表明,奥陶纪时期南秦岭存在着古洋盆.     

多比例尺空间数据库的层次对象模型

多比例尺空间数据库是社会和技术发展到一定阶段后对地理信息系统提出的必然要求。本文分析了产生该问题的原因,多比例尺空间数据库的定义及相关性,回顾了多比例尺空间数据库建立的3种模型以及其组织结构、管理方式和优缺点。本文设计了层次对象模型作为多比例尺数据库实现的概念模型,将多比例尺表达分解为目标集合层次树和目标细节树的设计,详细论述了模型解决多比例尺数据管理的方法,最后讨论了多比例尺数据库的应用前景。     

Mountain Water Tower and Ecological Risk Estimation of the Mesta-Nestos Transboundary River Basin （Bulgaria-Greece）

The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation,drinking water production,diversions for industrial water,and risk of pollution from mining,to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Ele?nica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for the future. It will mean an increase in water usage and more stress for the water resources if regional impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future.     

基于改进DeepLabv3+孪生网络的遥感影像变化检测方法

传统遥感影像变化检测方法依赖人工构建特征,算法设计复杂且精度不高;而将2幅不同时相影像叠加后输入神经网络的遥感影像变化检测方法会造成不同时相的特征相互影响,难以保持原始影像的高维特征,且模型鲁棒性较差。因此,本文提出一种基于改进DeepLabv3+孪生网络的遥感影像变化检测方法,以经典DeepLabv3+网络的编解码结构为基础对网络进行改进:(1)在编码阶段利用共享权值的孪生网络提取特征,通过2个输入端分别接收2幅遥感影像,以保留不同时相影像的高维特征;(2)在特征融合中用密集空洞空间金字塔池化模型代替空洞空间金字塔池化模型,通过密集连接的方式结合每个空洞卷积的输出,以提高对不同尺度目标分割的精度;(3)在解码阶段中针对不同层级特征图信息差异较大,难以融合的问题,引入基于注意力机制的特征对齐模型,引导不同层级的特征对齐并强化学习重要特征,以提升模型的鲁棒性。应用开源数据集CDD验证本文方法的有效性,并与UNet-EF、FC-Siam-conc、Siam-DeepLabv3+和N-Siam-DeepLabv3+网络对比试验。试验结果表明,本文方法在精确率、召回率、F1值和总体精度上达到8...     

Riparian vegetation dynamics across two different landscapes along the river Cauvery in the Kodagu region of Western Ghats

Decades of commercial planting and other anthropogenic processes are posing a threat to the riparian landscapes of the Cauvery river basin, which supports a high floral diversity. Despite this, the habitats in the upstream sections of the River Cauvery are still intact, as they are located in sacred groves. To understand the dynamism of riparian forests exposed to anthropogenic pressures, the upstream stretch of Cauvery extending from Kushalanagara to Talacauvery (~102 km) was categorized into two landscapes: agro ecosystem and sacred (i.e. preserved). The tree species were sampled using belt transects at 5 km intervals and the regeneration status of endemic species assessed using quadrats. A total of 128 species belonging to 47 families, and representing 1,590 individuals, was observed. Amongst them, 65% of unique species were exclusive to sacred landscapes. A rarefaction plot confirmed higher species richness for the sacred compared to the agro ecosystem landscapes, and diversity indices with more evenness in distribution were evident in sacred landscapes. A significant loss of endemic tree species in the agro ecosystem landscapes was found. Overall, this study demonstrates that an intense biotic pressure in terms of plantations and other anthropogenic activities have altered the species composition of the riparian zone in non-sacred areas. A permanent policy implication is required for the conservation of riparian buffers to avoid further ecosystem degradation and loss of biodiversity.     

Metabolic plasticity of nitrogen assimilation by Porphyra umbilicalis (Linnaeus) Kützing

The physical stresses associated with emersion have long been considered major factors determining the vertical zonation of intertidal seaweeds.We examined Porphyra umbilicalis(Linnaeus) Kützing thalli from the vertical extremes in elevation of an intertidal population(i.e.upper and lower intertidal zones) to determine whether Porphyra thalli acclimate to different vertical elevations on the shore with different patterns of nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase(NR) and glutamine synthetase(GS) activities in response to different degrees of emersion stress.We found that the nitrate uptake and NR recovery in the emersed tissues took longer in lower intertidal sub-population than in upper intertidal sub-population;and GS activity was also significantly affected by emersion and,interestingly,such an activity was enhanced by emersion of thalli from both upper and lower intertidal zones.These results suggested that intra-population variability in post-emersion recovery of physiological functions such as nutrient uptake and NR activity enables local adaptation and contributes to the wide vertical distribution of P.umbilicalis.The high GS activity during periodic emersion stress may be a protective mechanism enabling P.umbilicalis to assimilate nitrogen quickly when it again becomes available,and may also be an evidence of photorespiration during emersion.     

中国沿海污损性双壳类特点分析

分析中国沿海污损性双壳类的种类组成、分布范围、污损特点及状况,指出其以紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas gigas)、福建牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas angulata)、熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)、棘刺牡蛎(Saccostrea echinata)、缘齿牡蛎(Dendostrea crenulifera)、近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)等为优势种,污损特点与地理位置、离岸距离、浸海时间和当地环境因子密切相关,将来工作应着重于分类鉴定、生态调查、防除治理和外来种入侵等方面。     

俄罗斯主要含油气盆地油气地质特征与成藏模式

俄罗斯区域构造演化复杂,含油气盆地类型众多,油气地质特征和资源规模彼此差异巨大,盆地间缺少横向对比研究。基于最新的IHS数据库,通过对构造演化、沉积充填和基本石油地质条件的分析,总结了14个主要含油气盆地的盆地类型划分、油气地质条件类比、成藏主控因素和油气成藏模式,指明了未来需要重点关注的盆地。综合分析表明:俄罗斯含油气盆地具有以发育叠合盆地为主、单旋回盆地伴生的特点;存在4期主力烃源岩、4套主要成藏组合和3种成藏模式,储量发现规模受控于成藏模式,其中单旋回盆地封闭型成藏的油气资源最为丰富,其次分别为叠合盆地中的调整型成藏和改造型成藏。      

青岛琅琊湾滨海湿地的保护和利用

随着沿海经济的飞速发展,沿海土地后备资源出现日益紧缺的局面,滨海湿地资源的保护刻不容缓。目前正在琅琊湾西海岸进行的青岛港董家口港区等重工业建设,对滨海湿地破坏严重,亟需对琅琊湾滨海湿地做出科学规划和合理利用,建议设立湿地-工业缓冲带,建设人工湿地和开展立体养殖。