斯里兰卡沉积宝石矿床的成因

引言斯里兰卡岛,除了西北部狭窄海岸是被中新世灰岩和钙质砂岩覆盖之外,主要是由前寒武纪变质岩组成。斯里兰卡的前寒武纪地层可分为三个主要单位(图1): ①高兰岩系(Highland Series),是由紫苏辉石花岗岩(紫苏花岗岩)、石英岩、大理岩、含石榴石片麻岩、角闪片麻岩和麻粒岩组成的辉石麻粒岩相岩层。②维贾扬岩系(Vijayan Series),是由角闪黑云片麻岩、混合岩和花岗岩组成的角闪麻粒岩相岩层。 3西南群(Southwest Group),是由堇青石片麻岩、紫苏片麻岩、含石榴石片麻岩、硅灰石岩和斑花大理岩组成的堇青石麻粒岩相岩层。     

Sewage pollution in Negril, Jamaica: effects on nutrition and ecology of coral reef macroalgae

Coral reefs in the Negril Marine Park (NMP), Jamaica, have been increasingly impacted by nutrient pollution and macroalgal blooms following decades of intensive development as a major tourist destination. A baseline survey of DIN and SRP concentrations, C:N:P and stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) of abundant reef macroalgae on shallow and deep reefs of the NMP in 1998 showed strong P-limitation and evidence of increasing sewage pollution. In 1999, a sewage collection and treatment project began divertin...     

潮流和余流的相互作用对潮汐余流的影响 Ⅱ.模式的应用

一、引言本研究第一部分建立了一个弱非线性、依赖深度的潮汐模式,这里将要介绍的则是该模式应用到乔治滩南、北两侧的情况。乔治滩位于大西洋西北的缅因湾口,是一个宽约150公里、长约300公里的海底滩,滩峰在水下一般为20—30米。绕此浅滩有一支顺时针方向余环流(见图1)。Loder(1980)使用一维非线性潮汐模式研究了该环流的特征及其形成机理。他首次指出:因地形等原因使得强潮流出现非线性效应是形成该环流的重要原因之一。Greenberg     

印度冬季东北季风的起源

一、引言 最近的文献提出,在北半球高纬度和低纬度之间,高空气流有大规模的相互联系,这些联系密切地影响着热带天气。而且现在已认识到印度季风不是靠它自己单独存在的,而是大气环流的一部份,并受大气环流的变化所影响,尤其是受极地环流的影响。因此,要得到与大气环流有关的季风特性的全面了解,必须对地球上空对流层内环流型进行研究。作者研究了欧亚大陆上空的平均环流型,以了解冬季季风的起源和这个季节的环流变化。     

Inter-annual and seasonal variations in hydrological parameters and its implications on chlorophyll a distribution along the southwest coast of Bay of Bengal

Seasonal and inter-annual variability of hydrological parameters and its impact on chlorophyll distribution was studied from January 2009 to December 2011 at four coastal stations along the southwest Bay of Bengal. Statistical analysis(principal component analysis(PCA), two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and correlation analysis)showed the significant impact of hydrological parameters on chlorophyll distribution in the study area. The ranges of different parameters recorded were 23.8–33.8°C(SST), 4.00–36.00(salinity), 7.0–9.2(p H), 4.41–8.32 mg/L(dissolved oxygen), 0.04–2.45 μmol/L(nitrite), 0.33–16.10 μmol/L(nitrate), 0.02–2.51 μmol/L(ammonia),0.04–3.32 μmol/L(inorganic phosphate), 10.09–85.28 μmol/L(reactive silicate) and 0.04–13.8 μg/L(chlorophyll).PCA analysis carried out for different seasons found variations in the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and chlorophyll in which nitrate and chlorophyll were positively loaded at PC1(principal component1) during spring inter-monsoon and at PC2(principal component 2) during other seasons. Likewise correlation analysis also showed significant positive relationship between chlorophyll and nutrients especially with nitrate(r=0.734). Distribution of hydrobiological parameters between stations and distances was significantly varying as evidenced from the ANOVA results. The study found that the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll was highly dependent on the availability of nutrients especially, nitrate in the southwest Bay of Bengal coastal waters.     

区域地震滑坡体积优化模型

求取滑坡体积在当前是一个难题,原因是其为三维分量,并且部分滑面往往在地下。本文提出了3个区域地震滑坡体积优化模型来计算2008年中国汶川M W7.9地震触发滑坡的体积。本文首先基于20m分辨率的震前和震后SPOT 5卫星影像提取到的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,结合少数滑坡的剖面图,获得了1 415处汶川地震滑坡堆积区体积,作为地震滑坡体积模型训练样本。在常规区域滑坡"体积—面积"模型基础上,提出了3个优化模型。分别利用数据的对数化线性拟合与直接非线性拟合方法对1个常规模型和3个优化模型进行拟合。结果表明,采用直接非线性拟合方法并考虑了滑坡长、宽、高、岩性、坡度和峰值地动加速度后,坡向的优化模型标准误差最小,回归得到的滑坡总体积与滑坡真实总体积也非常接近。将这一模型应用于所有汶川地震滑坡,分别得到每个滑坡的体积。最终结果表明,汶川地震滑坡相对密集分布区内的196 007处滑坡的堆积物体积约为1.2×1010 m~3,源区体积约为1×1010 m~3。根据前人"地震震级—滑坡总体积"经验公式得到的结果仅仅是本文结果的7.5%~9%,这提醒我们有必要基于更多的单次地震触发滑坡总体体积数据对"地震震级—滑坡总体积"的关系进行更新。同时,文中的优化模型对同类研究也有显著的参考价值。     

Urban dilemmas in Southeast Asia

The implications of increasing urbanization in Southeast Asia are considered using U.N. projections of urban growth. Issues discussed include the urban bias in development, informal sector development, the provision of urban services, and urban poverty and inequality. Policy dilemmas are examined in terms of these issues and of the increasing internationalization of the urbanization experience and the changing division of labor worldwide.     

Monitoring temporal and spatial trends of legacy and emerging contaminants in marine environment: results from the environmental specimen bank (es-BANK) of Ehime University, Japan

The Environmental Specimen Bank (es-BANK) for Global Monitoring at the Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Japan has more than four decades of practical experience in specimen banking. Over the years, es-BANK has archived specimens representing a wide range of environmental matrices, i.e. fishes, reptiles, birds, aquatic mammals, terrestrial mammals, human, soils, and sediments. The samples have been collected as part of the various monitoring programs conducted worldwide. The current review is a summary of selected studies conducted at the Center for Marine Environmental Studies, on temporal and spatial trends of legacy and emerging contaminants in the marine environment. One of the major conclusions drawn from the studies is that environmental problems are no more regional issues and, thus, environmental specimen banking should not be limited to national boundaries, but should have a global outlook.     

遥感图像上复杂地质模式的计算机辅助解译

本文介绍了一种用于辅助遥感图像地质解译的方法概况,所开发的方法是应用数学形态学对分类图像进行分析的技术。为了说明有关这类辅助解译的两种处理方法,使用了某一地质褶皱实例。     

The relationship between the concentrations and distribution of organic pollutants and black carbon content in benthic sediments in the Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea

The influence of the sediment’s physico-chemical properties and black carbon content, on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in benthic sediments of the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea) was determined. Sediments from port, marine dump site of dredged spoils, the Vistula river mouth, Gdansk Deep were selected.The concentrations of ∑PAHs (fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(ah)anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene) were 294-2200 ng/g d.w. and for ∑PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were 2.4-11.3 ng/g d.w.The sediments content of loss on ignition was 1.13-16.15%, total organic carbon was 0.89-7.15%, black carbon was 0.20-1.15%. The highest correlation coefficient values (r = 0.76-0.92, p < 0.05) for a relationship between the concentrations of organic pollutants, and organic matter, organic and black carbon contents were obtained in harbor sediments with low content of organic matter (<5%) and high share of black carbon in total carbon (up to 40%).