LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION IN SEDIMENT-LADEN OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS

Laboratory experiments on longitudinal dispersion in clear-water and sediment-laden open channel flows are reported. Data from these experiments and those available from previous studies indicate that the suspended sediment present in the flow affects the longitudinal dispersion process. The observed velocity distributions over the depth of sediment-laden flows indicate that the velocity deviates from the mean velocity more in sediment-laden flows than in clear-water flows. The velocity distributions over the cross section and secondary flow in the channel are also expected to be altereddue to the presence of suspended sediments in the flow. For these reasons, more dispersion is found in sediment-laden flows than in corresponding clear-water flows. A predictor for the dispersion coefficient in sediment-laden flows is proposed.     

Spatial and temporal variability of hard-bottom macrofauna in a disturbed coastal lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Po River Delta, Northwestern Adriatic Sea)

The sessile and mobile macrobenthos on artificial hard bottoms was studied in 12 stations of the Sacca di Goro lagoon, a brackish, highly stressed water basin in the delta of the river Po, open to the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. Three sampling surveys were carried out in June and September 2000 and June 2001 in order to make three types of temporal comparisons: (i) on a seasonal scale, before and after a summer dystrophic event; (ii) on an annual basis, before and after the works of excavation of a canal through the outer sand bank; (iii) on a multiannual scale, comparing the data with those of a survey carried out in 1988. The biocoenoses did not show large fluctuations after a moderately severe summer dystrophic crisis, while the digging of the canal caused clear changes in the macrobenthos community structure after one year. The long-term comparison showed a shift in the community patterns after a decade.     

Integrated geophysical and chemical study of saline water intrusion

Surface geophysical surveys provide an effective way to image the subsurface and the ground water zone without a large number of observation wells. DC resistivity sounding generally identifies the subsurface formations-the aquifer zone as well as the formations saturated with saline/brackish water. However, the method has serious ambiguities in distinguishing the geological formations of similar resistivities such as saline sand and saline clay, or water quality such as fresh or saline, in a low resistivity formation. In order to minimize the ambiguity and ascertain the efficacy of data integration techniques in ground water and saline contamination studies, a combined geophysical survey and periodic chemical analysis of ground water were carried out employing DC resistivity profiling, resistivity sounding, and shallow seismic refraction methods. By constraining resistivity interpretation with inputs from seismic refraction and chemical analysis, the data integration study proved to be a powerful method for identification of the subsurface formations, ground water zones, the subsurface saline/brackish water zones, and the probable mode and cause of saline water intrusion in an inland aquifer. A case study presented here illustrates these principles. Resistivity sounding alone had earlier failed to identify the different formations in the saline environment. Data integration and resistivity interpretation constrained by water quality analysis led to a new concept of minimum resistivity for ground water-bearing zones, which is the optimum value of resistivity of a subsurface formation in an area below which ground water contained in it is saline/brackish and unsuitable for drinking.     

热带气旋运动和环境地转气流之间的关系

一、引言 50年代以来,对引导概念及其在预报的应用已作了许多重要的研究。多数研究表明,对流层中层的基本气流或深厚层的气压加权平均气流可以作为热带气旋运动的引导气流。许多作者讨论了涡旋运动对基本气流的偏差,但研究结果互相矛盾。这就导致了本文的研究。     

加拿大贝尔德莫雷-杰拉尔顿地区的金矿化

引言贝尔德莫雷-杰拉尔顿地区位于安大略图恩德尔湾东北160-275km的尼皮干(Ni-pigon)湖的东边。该区有18个金矿,已有50多年生产金的历史。这些金矿中最大的包括马克利奥德-科马舒特(Macleod-Cockshutt)、利特思(Leitch),小隆来、联合的莫舍金矿(Consolidated Mosher)、哈德洛克、马格尼特联合金矿、北恩派尔     

中非东部扎伊尔Ubendian岩浆作用的岩石学、地球化学和地球动力学的意义

Ubendian造山运动影响了中非东部很大区域,它产生于早元古代期间,在马拉维、坦桑尼亚、扎伊尔和赞比亚境内发育成一条主要呈NW—SE向特征的带。在东北部的沙巴(扎伊尔),常见到新鲜的、保存完好的、裸露的Ubendian侵入岩和火山岩,本文对它们进行了描述。深成—火山杂岩研究结果,显示出3个岩浆旋