柴达木盆地跃进斜坡区油源判识与原油勘探方向

跃进斜坡区南北分别为扎哈泉凹陷和英雄岭凹陷,是凹陷油气运移有利指向区,油气来源充足。烃源岩综合评价表明,扎哈泉凹陷E²₃烃源岩厚度大、分布面积广、有机质丰度高、有机质类型较好,目前已到成熟阶段,具有巨大供烃能力。油源对比研究表明,跃东构造原油与跃进一号构造原油特征一致,为北面英雄岭凹陷来源。跃进二号、乌南-绿草滩和昆北油田原油均来自扎哈泉凹陷E²₃源岩,但原油成熟度不同。跃进二号原油成熟度较低,与乌南-绿草滩原油和昆北油田储层固体沥青基本一致,明显低于昆北油田原油,属于烃源岩低成熟-成熟阶段早期产物,跃进斜坡区尚未发现源岩生烃高峰期产物。跃进斜坡区相对昆北油田更靠近凹陷生烃中心,源岩生烃高峰期产物具有优先充注的特征,斜坡区下倾方向大量发育的岩性圈闭和构造-岩性圈闭具有巨大的勘探潜力。     

贵州广顺二叠系化学地层的划分及沉积环境分析

本文以贵州省广顺二叠纪坝子头－茶叶剖面作了基准剖面，通过野外观察和室内岩相分析，根据岩石的成岩作用，颜色，微相特征及岩层的厚度和叠置关系，进行了层序的划分。在此基础上，以该剖面５９个岩层的１７个微量元素（Ａｓ，Ｂ，Ｂａ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｇａ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｓｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ和Ｚｒ）为变量，用因子分析和群分析进行了化学地层单元的划分，通过化学地层和层序地层划分结果的对比，结合化学     

Distributed object‐based software environment for urban system integrated simulation under urban‐scale hazard—Part II: Application

A software prototype of a simulation service software environment, called DOSE (distributed object‐based software environment), is developed to realize the integrated simulation of an urban system under the risk of urban‐scale hazards such as earthquakes. DOSE infrastructure is built on three basic building blocks, namely: modularity, scalability, and interoperability. In this paper, the application of DOSE to real‐world urban systems is described in order to provide an evidence for DOSE modularity and scalability. An overview of DOSE is presented and then followed by a beverage application to simulate earthquake hazard in an urban system. The urban system is developed for the city of Kobe (Kobe district) with dimensions of 700 × 500 (m) and Bunkyo ward (Tokyo district) with dimensions of 800 × 600 (m) where DOSE simulation participants are identified for each district. The effectiveness of data exchange among different participants through a distributed service exchange network is described as an evidence for DOSE modularity that facilitates the integration process. On the other hand, the effectiveness of processing time when applying the simulation to different urban system sizes and/or using different third‐party applications is described as an evidence for DOSE scalability. The details of the underlying infrastructure of DOSE are beyond the scope of this paper and are presented in an accompanying paper work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distributed object‐based software environment for urban system integrated simulation under urban‐scale hazard—Part I: Infrastructure

In this paper, a distributed object‐based software environment (DOSE) has been developed to facilitate the integrated simulation of an urban system under the risk of urban‐scale hazards such as earthquakes. It is understood that individual simulation participants perform their simulation services in separate environments, bartering service exchange relationships to get what they need to resolve their part of the problem. This is the communication gap between the scientists on one side and the end users who need to understand knowledge and employ it on the other side. The authors envision a distributed simulation service software environment running in parallel with the activities of simulation participants. DOSE has lent itself to integrate interdisciplinary participants through an infrastructure that has three basic building blocks, namely: modularity, scalability, and interoperability. The modular, object‐based, design of DOSE architecture is described in terms of key functionalities of four distinct layers, namely: resource, core, domain, and interface layers. DOSE scalability in terms of urban system size and participant third‐party application complexity is enabled through the interface layer. A message passing model is developed using the Message Passing Interface standard and a control room is provided to schedule the interaction/communication among model processes. DOSE interoperability with the vulnerability analysis third‐party applications is enabled through the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. An adopted analogy between DOSE and construction industry is employed to provide interpretation and implementation for DOSE interoperability. While interfacing IFC object model to solve DOSE interoperability questions, an extension model for the structural view of IFC is proposed and accepted by the International Alliance for Interoperability. The DOSE application for real‐world urban systems is beyond the scope of this paper and is presented in an accompanying paper work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

色达—松潘断块温泉水文地球化学特征及成因分析

为查明色达—松潘断块地热资源赋存状态及热源来源,以四川黑水县内3处温泉(热水塘、上达古、卡龙沟)为研究对象,采集温泉水样进行水化学分析和同位素测试,研究地热水的补给来源和热储温度。研究结果显示,热水塘温泉的地下水化学类型为HCO₃-Na型,上达古温泉和卡龙沟温泉的地下水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca型,补给水源主要为大气降水,补给高程分别为5 121 m、3 890 m、3 921 m。结合矿物饱和指数,采用SiO₂地热温标计算3处温泉的热储温度,分别为119.036 ℃、49.034 ℃、30.215 ℃。综合分析认为研究区地下热水的成因主要为大气降水经高山补给区入渗至储集层,吸取地下深部向上传导的热量和放射性元素衰变释放的热量,并与围岩发生水-岩作用形成地下热水,在断裂发育部位热水沿断裂带向上运移,最后在地表出露形成温泉。     

陕西凤太泥盆纪盆地东缘发现古老结晶基底

通过岩石学、同位素年代学、变形变质特征的研究及区域对比,认为凤太泥盆纪盆地东缘（黄柏原一带）原划泥盆纪地层应为新太古代－古元古代变质结晶基底,变质达角闪岩相,其可能是佛坪穹隆构造向西北延伸,进一步证明了泥盆纪时西部凤太盆地和东部山（阳）柞（水）镇（安）盆地是两个独立盆地,中间被佛坪穹隆隔挡。该项成果对研究南秦岭地壳演化和指导凤太地区的地质找矿意义重大。     

Observation of Mercury's sodium exosphere during the transit on November 9, 2006

A rare, but normal, astronomical event occurred on November 9th 2006 (JST) as Mercury passed in front of the Sun from the perspective of the Earth. The abundance of the sodium vapor above the planet limb was observed by detecting an excess absorption in the solar sodium line D₁ during this event. The observation was performed with a 10-m spectrograph of Czerny-Turnar system at Domeless Solar Tower Telescope at the Hida Observatory in Japan. The excess absorption was red-shifted by 10 pm relative to the solar line, and was measured at the dawnside (eastside) and duskside (westside) of Mercury. Between the dawn and dusksides, an asymmetry of total sodium abundance was clearly identified. At the dawnside, the total sodium column density was 6.1×10¹⁰ Na atoms/cm², while it was 4.1×10¹⁰ Na atoms/cm² at the duskside. The investigation of dawn-dusk asymmetry of the sodium exosphere of Mercury is a clue to understand the release mechanism of sodium from the surface rock. Our result suggests that a thermal desorption is a main source process for sodium vapor in the vicinity of Mercury.     

REE Geochemical Study of the Permian—Triassic Marine Sedimentary Environment in Guizhou Province

This paper deals with the REE geochemical characteristics of Permian-Triassic marine carbonate rocks in Guizhou Province.It is found that there are two broad categories of strati-graphic units in the region studied in accordance with their ΣREE contents and REE distribu-tion patterns: one is characterized by LREE enrichment and slight Ce depletion,with the REE distribution patterns similar to those of North American shales,and the other featrures relative HREE enrichment and relatively remarkable Ce depletion,with the REE distribution patterns close to those of pelagic sediments.In terms of their different ΣREE contents,five types of stratigraphic units can be distinguished.Incorporation of detrital minerals,REE complexing ca-pability,oxidation-reduction conditions of the media are the main factors affecting the REE com-position and REE distribution patterns of marine carbonate rocks in the region studied.In the light of REE geochemical characteristics of carbonate rocks,coupled with sedimentary facies analysis,this paper discusses the characteristics of the Permian-Triassic marine sedimentary environment in Guizhou Province and its evolutional rules.     

A review of progress in coupled ocean-atmosphere model developments for ENSO studies in China

El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is the strongest interannual signal that is producedby basinscale processes in the tropical Pacific,with significant effects on weather and climate worldwide.In the past,extensive and intensive international efforts have been devoted to coupled model developments for ENSO studies.A hierarchy of coupled ocean-atmo sphere models has been formulated;in terms of their complexity,they can be categorized into intermediate coupled models(ICMs),hybrid coupled models(HCMs),and fully coupled general circulation models(CGCMs).ENSO modeling has made significant progress over the past decades,reaching a stage where coupled models can now be used to successfully predict ENSO events 6 months to one year in advance.Meanwhile,ENSO exhibits great diversity and complexity as observed in nature,which still cannot be adequately captured by current state-of-the-art coupled models,presenting a challenge to ENSO modeling.We primarily reviewed the long-term efforts in ENSO modeling continually and steadily made at different institutions in China;some selected representative examples are presented here to review the current status of ENSO model developments and applications,which have been actively pursued with noticeable progress being made recently.As ENSO simulations are very sensitive to model formulations and process representations etc.,dedicated efforts have been devoted to ENSO model developments and improvements.Now,different ocean-atmosphere coupled models have been available in China,which exhibit good model performances and have already had a variety of applications to climate modeling,including the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).Nevertheless,large biases and uncertainties still exist in ENSO simulations and predictions,and there are clear rooms for their improvements,which are still an active area of researches and applications.Here,model performances of ENSO simulations are assessed in terms of advantages and disadvantages with these differently formulated coupled models,pinpointing to the areas where they need to be further improved for ENSO studies.These analyses provide valuable guidance for future improvements in ENSO simulations and predictions.