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71.
Bing Hong CongQiang Liu QingHua Lin Shibata Yasuyuki XueTian Leng Yu Wang YongXuan Zhu YeTang Hong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(7):952-964
From the last deglaciation to the Holocene, the Greenland Ice Core (GISP2) δ 18O records as well as the records of ice-rafted debris on the surface of the North Atlantic have revealed a succession of sudden cooling events on the centennial to millennial scales. However, the temperature proxy records are rarely studied systematically and directly to ensure that this air temperature cooling pattern simultaneously existed in the East Asian Region, in addition to the repeated pattern occurring in the Greater Atlantic Region. A peat cellulose δ 18O temperature proxy record proximately existing for 14000 years was picked up from the Hani peat in Jilin Province, China. It suggests by comparison that the sudden cooling events, such as the Older Dryas, Inter-Allerød, Younger Dryas, and nine ice-rafted debris events of the North Atlantic, are almost entirely reiterated in the temperature signals of Hani peat cellulose δ 18O. These cooling events show that the repeatedly occurring temperature cooling pattern not only appeared in the North Atlantic Region in the high latitudes, but also in the Northwest Pacific Region in the middle latitudes. The climate change events marking the start of the Holocene Epoch, the Holocene Megathermal, the “8.2 kyr” event, the “4.2 kyr” event, the Medieval Warm Period, and the Little Ice Age are further discussed. The sensitivity response of Hani peat cellulose δ 18O to the land surface temperature and the reason for the age accuracy of peat cellulose 14C are also discussed based on the characteristics of the peat bog environment. 相似文献
72.
Assessing the role of forests in mitigating eutrophication downstream of pasture during spring snowmelt
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Masaaki Chiwa Sachiko Inoue Naoaki Tashiro Daisuke Ohgi Yoshitoshi Uehara Hideaki Shibata Atsushi Kume 《水文研究》2015,29(4):615-623
Little research has examined whether forests reduce stream water eutrophication in agricultural areas during spring snowmelt periods. This study evaluated the role of forests in ameliorating deteriorated stream water quality in agricultural areas, including pasture, during snowmelt periods. Temporal variation in stream water quality at a mixed land‐use basin (565 ha: pasture 13%, forestry 87%), northern Japan, was monitored for 7 years. Synoptic stream water sampling was also conducted at 16 sites across a wide range of forest and agricultural areas in a basin (18.3 km2) in spring, summer and fall. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition were measured for 4 years. The results showed that concentration pulses of nitrate, organic N and total P in stream water were observed when discharge increased during spring snowmelt. Their concentrations were high when silicate concentrations were low, suggesting surface water exported from pasture largely contributed to stream water pollution during snowmelt. Atmospheric N and P deposition (4.1 kg N ha?1 y?1; 0.09 kg P ha?1 y?1, respectively) was too low to affect the background concentrations of N and P in streams from forested areas. Reduction of eutrophication caused by nutrients from pasture was mainly due to dilution by water containing low concentrations of N and P exported from forested areas, whereas in‐stream reduction was not a dominant process. Results indicate that forests have a limited capacity to reduce the concentration pulses of N and P in stream water during snowmelt in this study basin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
73.
Kazuho Horiuchi Tomoko Uchida Yuko Sakamoto Aoi Ohta Hiroyuki Matsuzaki Yasuyuki Shibata Hideaki Motoyama 《Quaternary Geochronology》2008,3(3):253-261
The cosmogenic nuclide 10Be was analyzed by using accelerator mass spectrometry on an ice core drilled at the Dome Fuji station, inland Antarctica, for 700–1900 yr CE. The measured concentration of 10Be in the Dome Fuji ice core and the derived 10Be flux show similar fluctuations, with both increasing at known solar-activity minima over the last millennium in agreement with earlier observations of 10Be and 14C. Based on the similar nature of the 10Be flux to the reconstructed 14C production rate patterns, a 10Be–14C correlation age model for the Dome Fuji ice core was successfully constructed. This age model agrees well with the initial version of the tephrochronology of the core. The 10Be-flux record contains information on variability in the amount of cosmic radiation incident on the atmosphere, which is mainly attributable to high-frequency change in solar activity and low-frequency background intensity adjustment of the geomagnetic field. High-resolution 10Be analyses of the Dome Fuji ice cores promise to provide potentially important information on the history of cosmic radiation intensity over the past several hundred thousand years. 相似文献
74.
J. E. J. Lovell H. Hirabayashi H. Kobayashi Y. Murata P. G. Edwards G. A. Moellenbrock S. Horiuchi E. B. Fomalont S. Kameno K. M. Shibata 《New Astronomy Reviews》1999,43(8-10)
An overview and status report of the VLBI Space Observatory Programme is presented. 相似文献
75.
We study the structure of a stationary and axisymmetric charge-deficient region (or potential gap) in the outer magnetosphere of a spinning neutron star. Assuming the existence of global current flow patterns in the magnetosphere, the charge depletion causes a large electric field along the magnetic field lines. This longitudinal electric field accelerates migratory electrons and/or positrons to ultrarelativistic energies. These relativistic electrons/positrons radiate γ -ray photons by curvature radiation. These γ -rays, in turn, produce yet more radiating particles by colliding with ambient X-ray photons, leading to a pair production cascade in the gap. The replenished charges partially screen the longitudinal electric field, which is self-consistently solved together with the distribution of e± and γ -ray photons. We find the voltage drop in the gap as a function of the soft photon luminosity. It is demonstrated that the voltage drop is less than 3×1013 V when the background X-ray radiation is as luminous as Vela . However, this value increases with decreasing X-ray luminosity and attains 3×1015 V when the X-ray luminosity is as low as L X =1031 erg s−1 . 相似文献
76.
Jian SUN Zhenxing SHEN Yue ZHANG Wenting DAI Kun HE Hongmei XU Zhou ZHANG Long CUI Xuxiang LI Yu HUANG Junji CAO 《大气科学进展》2021,38(1):116-131
Summer and winter campaigns for the chemical compositions and sources of nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs)and oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)were conducted in Xi’an.Data from 57 photochemical assessment monitoring stations for NMHCs and 20 OVOC species were analyzed.Significant seasonal differences were noted for total VOC(TVOC,NMHCs and OVOCs)concentrations and compositions.The campaign-average TVOC concentrations in winter(85.3±60.6 ppbv)were almost twice those in summer(47.2±31.6 ppbv).Alkanes and OVOCs were the most abundant category in winter and summer,respectively.NMHCs,but not OVOCs,had significantly higher levels on weekends than on weekdays.Total ozone formation potential was higher in summer than in winter(by 50%)because of the high concentrations of alkenes(particularly isoprene),high temperature,and high solar radiation levels in summer.The Hybrid Environmental Receptor Model(HERM)was used to conduct source apportionment for atmospheric TVOCs in winter and summer,with excellent accuracy.HERM demonstrated its suitability in a situation where only partial source profile data were available.The HERM results indicated significantly different seasonal source contributions to TVOCs in Xi’an.In particular,coal and biomass burning had contributions greater than half in winter(53.4%),whereas traffic sources were prevalent in summer(53.1%).This study’s results highlight the need for targeted and adjustable VOC control measures that account for seasonal differences in Xi’an;such measures should target not only the severe problem with VOC pollution but also the problem of consequent secondary pollution(e.g.,from ozone and secondary organic aerosols). 相似文献
77.
Phenocryst-bulk rock composition relations of abyssal tholeiites and their petrogenetic significance
Tsugio Shibata 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1976,40(11):1407-1417
In order to infer equilibrium phase relations of abyssal tholeiites, olivine, plagioclase, augite, and pigeonite tholeiites from the ocean floor are plotted in terms of the CIPW norm proportions in the tetrahedron olivine-plagioclase-diopside-quartz. The phase relations of abyssal tholeiites have a general similarity in form to those of the experimentally studied relevant systems. Experimental studies on natural basalts allow the pressure of crystallization for abyssal tholeiitic magmas to be evaluated approximately. It appears that the pressure at which the phenocryst-stage crystallization of abyssal tholeiites takes place is as high as 2 or 3 kbar, provided that abyssal tholeiitic magmas are ‘dry’.Abyssal tholeiites could be derived from liquids that are in equilibrium with Ca-poor pyroxene in the pressure range of about 5–8 kbar. Major element chemistry of abyssal tholeiites is incompatible with the view that these tholeiitic basalts are derived from picritic magma by olivine fractionation. 相似文献
78.
79.
湖光岩玛珥湖沉积记录的近250年重金属元素污染历史 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以湖光岩玛珥湖为研究对象,在放射性核素137Cs和210Pb精确定年的基础上,分析了沉积岩心柱中重金属元素V、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb的垂直变化特征,探讨了近250年来湖泊沉积物重金属的污染历史,并利用富集系数法和地质累积指数法评价了重金属的污染程度。结果表明:1880年前,各元素含量基本保持稳定;1880—1920年,Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb含量增加可能与这一时期工业发展及战争有关;20世纪20年代Pb含量突然增加反映了全球含铅汽油的使用;Zn元素含量在1950年增加及20世纪70年代后期的明显增大,分别与新中国建立后工业的发展及中国改革开放后工业活动的显著增加相一致;1975—1990年,Pb含量的增加很可能与1978年改革后开放工业和交通发展有关;表层V、Zn、Pb元素含量的减少可能与80年代后环保事业的发展有关。V、Ni、Cu、Zn受人类活动影响较小,基本上属于无污染或轻微污染状态,Pb在20世纪20年代前为无污染或轻微污染,20年代后为中等程度的污染。 相似文献
80.
Zhaoyang CHAI He ZHANG Mulan ZHANG Xiao TANG Weipeng ZHENG Jiang ZHU Guangqing ZHOU Junji CAO Qingcun ZENG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1611-1620
This article introduces "EarthLab ", a major new Earth system numerical simulation facility developed in China.EarthLab is a numerical simulation system for a physical climate system, an environmental system, an ecological system, a solid earth system, and a space weather system as a whole with a high-performance scientific computing platform.EarthLab consists of five key elements—namely: a global earth numerical simulation system, a regional high-precision simulation system, a supercomputing support and management system, a database, data assimilation and visualization system, and a high-performance computing system for earth sciences. EarthLab helps to study the atmosphere, hydrosphere,cryosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, as well as their interactions, to improve the accuracy of predictions by integrating simulations and observations, and to provide a scientific foundation for major issues such as national disaster prevention and mitigation. The construction and operation of EarthLab will involve close cooperation with joint contributions and shared benefits. 相似文献