黄河三角洲洪、枯季泥沙冲淤的数值模拟

本文针对黄河三角洲海岸潮间带广阔、黄河入海水沙变化剧烈、近岸及河口区水动力条件复杂的特点 ,建立了 1个潮流作用下的平面二维动边界全沙数学模型。动边界的处理采用窄缝法 ,并利用此模型对黄河三角洲洪、枯季时悬沙分布以及底床的冲淤进行了数值模拟 ,进而据此探讨了黄河三角洲洪、枯季的冲淤变化规律。     

Experimental Study on the Interaction Mechanism of Cap—Pile Group—Soil

Static load tests on pile group with prototype size were carried out in order to study the behavior and the working properties of the cap—pile group—soil interaction in the pile group foundation. The soil resistance under the cap, the pile shaft resistance and the tip resistance were measured by installing various measuring gauges. Based on these test results, the cap—pile group—soil interaction characteristics were analyzed. The regulations of the soil reaction on the cap, the shaft resistance and the tip resistance of pile, the mechanism of load transfer have been discussed with comparison to the result of the single pile tests. The bearing capacity of pile group is greater than the sum of the bearing capacity of the single pile obtained from testing in the same site in pile group foundation in the case presented here.     

Study on visual control system of acoustic in situ measurement technology for survey of seafloor sediment

Abstract

A new kind of visual acoustic measurement system was developed to obtain the acoustic characteristics of seabed sediment and the working state of in situ measuring equipment in real time. The control unit of the system structure is mainly made up of the underwater control unit and the deck control unit. In comparison with similar traditional systems, the system can transmit the working video image, the measured acoustic data and the waveform synchronous from the underwater control equipment to the deck control unit through the connecting cable. Apart from self-contained in situ measurement, the working modes of it include visual online real-time control. In order to guarantee the stability and measurement precision of the video control system, the process control of in situ measurement was strictly tested in the experimental tank. In 2017, sea trials of the in situ measurement system was carried out in the South China Sea. In the process, data related to measurement, including the acoustic velocity and attenuation coefficient of the seabed sediment, were obtained as well. The results from sea trials show that the control process of the visual system is intuitive, reliable and accurate, and therefore it can be popularized and applied.     

相山铀矿田基底变质岩原岩恢复及构造环境判别

文章通过对相山铀矿田深部变质岩开展岩石学、矿物学及地球化学等方面的研究,以探讨相山基底变质岩原岩的属性和形成环境等特征。根据铀矿科学钻孔岩心样品地球化学分析显示,基底变质岩成熟度较高,显示高镁铁、富硅、富铝,低钠钾的特征,原岩总体呈中酸性。变质岩整体表现出相对富集Ba、U、Rb、K、Th等元素,亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素;轻、重稀土元素分馏较为明显,且轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损;δEu为0.6～1.1,平均为0.7,小于1,表现为负异常;δCe为2.9～3.9,平均为3.4,表现为正异常。根据变质岩稀土元素北美页岩标准化(NASC)蛛网图显示,样品稀土元素含量与北美页岩(NASC)含量相近,推测原岩具有沉积岩的特征。主量元素分布特征表明相山铀矿田基底变质岩原岩成分复杂,推测其原岩主要为一套陆源海相沉积泥质岩、砂岩及粉砂岩系列的浅变质作用类型的陆源碎屑岩,主要有岩屑砂岩、富镁沉积岩、泥质碳质硅质岩,可能有部分火山凝灰岩。根据主微量构造判别图,推测相山基底变质岩其原岩为大陆岛弧构造环境下形成的沉积碎屑岩。     

Failure Mechanism and Control of Surrounding Rock of Mining Roadway Under Overlying Goaf

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Aiming at the deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rock and its control problems under goaf in upper and lower coal seam mining of Buertai Coal...     

3D geological architecture and ore -controlling structures of the Paomaping Zn-Pb deposit at the Jinding ore field,Lanping County,SE Tibetan PlateauSCIEI北大核心CSCD

滇西北金顶超大型铅锌矿田位于青藏高原东南缘兰坪中-新生代盆地中部,是三江成矿带中南段最典型的密西西比河谷型(MVT)矿床之一,其构造控矿和盆地流体成矿特征明显受控于印度-欧亚大陆碰撞有关的区域挤压构造。近年来,矿床浅部地质条件与资源状况已被充分揭露,但其深部地质结构、构造控矿差异性仍不清楚,这也制约了成矿预测和找矿新发现。本文以矿田东北部的跑马坪大型隐伏矿床为研究对象,利用三维地质建模及空间分析方法,识别矿化空间变化及其与断层、不整合面和地层岩性的配置关系,分析构造控矿规律及可能的流体运聚趋势。结果表明,跑马坪铅锌矿床的成矿作用与近E-W向挤压构造对中新统金顶砂泥岩(Mio-j)与上三叠统三合洞组(T_(3)s)不整合面的差异性破坏关系密切,近NS和NE向逆断层与NW向走滑-掀斜断层组合是最重要的控矿构造。其中,近NE向逆断层与不整合面是成矿流体运聚的主要通道,而近于平行的NW向走滑-掀斜断层上盘的T_(3)s高孔渗性角砾状灰岩、含灰岩角砾砂岩及裂隙带因为富含H_(2)S等还原性流体而成为与Mio-j富含金属氧化性盆地卤水混合和金属沉淀就位的最有利空间。由此,逆断层和走滑-掀斜断层组合、特定地层岩性与不整合面联合控制了流体汇聚与混合成矿作用,断层沟通了同位叠加的上三叠统油气藏储层和渐新统-中新统盆地卤水(带),这是铅锌成矿的关键。该成矿模型在金顶矿田及邻区与类似地区均具有普遍指导意义。最后,本文预测沿跑马坪矿区深部及其南北侧延伸区域还存在多条NE向隐伏控矿断层,其成矿潜力大,是下一步找矿勘查的有利靶区。     

地面气象观测站自动检测系统研究

为了解决目前的计量检定标准设备和方法不适于地面气象观测站仪器,检测的自动化水平及工作效率低等矛盾,研究设计了地面气象观测站自动检测系统,特点是将地面气象观测站的温度、湿度、大气压力、风速风向和降水等传感器和地面气象观测站的数据采集器分开进行性能的自动检测.传感器自动检测系统采用多通道设计,可同时进行多个传感器的自动检测并自动输出检测结果.数据采集器自动检测系统可以对气象台站使用的各种不同的地面气象观测站数据采集器系统进行性能测试.文章所设计的地面气象观测站自动检测系统提高了地面自动观测仪器的检测效率,确保了各台站的地面气象自动观测仪器观测数据的准确可靠.     

雷电临近预警系统的运行试验

介绍了中国气象科学研究院研发的雷电临近预警系统(CAMSLNWS)在北京地区开展的业务运行试验.通过运行测试以及预警结果与闪电监测结果的对比评估,表明:CAMS.LNWS能够稳定运行,定时读取多种探测资料、自动生成并循环显示雷电发生概率、雷电活动区域移动趋势和重点区域雷电危险度等级三种雷电临近预警产品;CAMS.LNWS的雷电发生概率预警产品具有较高的命中率,能够较好地对0～30min内可能发生闪电的区域进行有效预警;随着预警时间的延长,CAMS.LNWS的预警效果会有所降低.     

Urban and rural observations of carboxylic acids in rainwater in Southwest of China: the impact of urbanization

Seven carboxylic acids in rainwater were simultaneously determined using ion chromatography for 13 months in two different sites, Guiyang and Shangzhong, southwest of China. Results showed formic, acetic and oxalic acids were the three predominant carboxylic acids. Their volume-weighted average concentrations were 14.24, 9.35, 2.79 μmol/L in Guiyang and 4.95, 1.35, 2.31 μmol/L in Shangzhong, respectively. A distinctive diurnal pattern in carboxylic acid concentrations (daytime>nighttime, t test, p < 0.05) was observed during the growing season in Guiyang. Shangzhong witnessed higher concentration of these acids during the growing season than that during the non-growing season. Direct emissions from growing vegetation or soils probably account for the main provenance of the acids in the rural area. However, the opposite trend were found in Guiyang and the anthropogenic sources during the non-growing season were the main reason. By comparison of our result with the previous data about 20 years ago, we calculated that at least 42% of acetic acids and 69% of formic acid originated from the anthropogenic sources in Guiyang. Furthermore, the ratio of formate/acetate in gas phase larger than 1 suggest the oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons from the human activity and/or natural sources were the main origin of carboxylic acids in Guiyang. While The F/A ratio in gas phase was less than 1 in Shangzhong which indicate the direct emissions from biogenic sources. Oxalic acid was in similar amounts in both sites, indicating the common source of the acid.