鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗系直罗组沉积特征与演化*

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部发现的多个砂岩型铀矿床均赋存于侏罗系直罗组下段砂岩中。前人对已知铀矿床分布区直罗组的沉积学研究程度相对较高,但对盆地北部直罗组大区域沉积体系展布与演变、物源供给特征等的研究仍较为薄弱。文中在大量钻井资料分析、野外剖面实测等基础上,将盆地北部砂岩型铀矿含矿层段直罗组下段细分为2个亚段。在直罗组中识别出河流和三角洲相沉积,认为直罗组下段下亚段主要发育砾质、砂质辫状河沉积,东北部地区发育辫状河三角洲沉积;直罗组下段上亚段主要发育砂质辫状河和曲流河沉积;直罗组上段则以曲流河沉积为主。结合前人研究工作,认为源岩物质组成、有利沉积相带和气候条件对鄂尔多斯盆地北部砂岩型铀矿的成矿均具有重要控制作用。对盆地北部直罗组沉积特征及其演化的整体认识,可为该区砂岩型铀矿床的进一步勘查提供重要的沉积学依据。     

输入界面对场地地表地震动参数的影响

本文以江淮地区典型场地资料为原型,选取不同深度的岩层位置作为地震动输入界面,构造多种场地土层模型,选择Taft、Kobe和E1centro 3条强震记录作为地震输入,采用一维频域等效线性化波动方法重点分析了地震动输入界面对场地地表地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明,随着输入界面深度的增加,场地地表的峰值加速度逐渐增加,且增加的幅度呈逐渐减小的趋势,但输入界面深度对地表加速度反应谱特征周期的影响较小;输入界面剪切波速值对反应谱特征周期影响有限,但对地表峰值加速度影响较为显著,地表峰值加速度随着输入界面剪切波速的增大而增大,且两者的增幅呈现近似的线性关系。     

滁州地区构造活动特征分析

通过对安徽滁州地区主要断层活动特征调查、坳陷与断坳发育演化的分析,得出两类构造活动具有一致性,且第四纪以来整体表现为弱活动特点。考虑研究区西侧的郯庐断裂带和东北侧的苏北盆地两个中强构造活动区影响,认为滁州地区处于协调区域构造应力释放的活动状态,地震活动水平较低。     

基于相机摄影测量的冰面反照率反演方法研究

雪冰反照率是冰川与积雪能量平衡计算的关键参数,也是观测的难点. 为测量冰面反照率,试验采用相机摄影测量技术,在祁连山十一冰川开展了自动拍摄、并利用共线方程进行冰川正射制图,在此基础上于2012年7月28日-8月18日在冰川表面开展了不同海拔梯度的反照率观测. 通过统计分析晴天与阴天观测反照率与对应点相机拍摄获取的RGB归一化指数之间的关系,对十一冰川进行冰面反照率参数化方法研究. 结果表明：晴天冰面反照率与RGB归一化指数存在明显的指数关系,拟合R²达到0.79;而阴天的统计关系较差,线性拟合R²仅为0.52. 据此尝试利用晴天的拟合公式对整个冰面进行反照率参数化,计算表明：在晴天冰川表面地形阴影区的反照率存在低估现象,而无阴影区的反照率估算结果可信度较高. 利用2013年的反照率观测数据进行了参数化方案的验证,结果表明：观测值与模拟值平均误差仅为0.037,表明利用RGB影像对反照率参数化具有一定的可用性和可靠性.     

国内外失地农民城市融合及保障制度综述

随着我国城市化进程的加快,失地农民的数量越来越多,成为影响社会和谐发展的重大问题。文章根据国内外近十多年来的相关文献,总结了国内外失地农民城市融合及保障制度的研究进展,并对未来的研究进行了展望。国外学者利用社会学模型和质性研究方法,对失地农民的城市融合及其影响因素进行了分析,提出政府完善法律法规和创建救助组织的融合策略建议。国内学者侧重于研究失地农民个人属性、就业培训、户籍、生活空间等因素对其城市融合的影响,提出政府和失地农民个人都需进行改变以促进失地农民的全面融合。未来失地农民城市融合及保障制度问题的研究应注重量化方法与质性方法的综合运用,建立具有广泛适用性的测量模型,将理论与实际联系得更加紧密,改善失地农民的生存与生活质量。     

北方风尘中Sr-Nd同位素组成变化的影响因素探讨

由于岩石和矿物的成因及形成时代不同,其Sr-Nd同位素组成有明显的差异,并且在表生迁移过程中很少被改变,因而在示踪岩石、矿物以及沉积物的来源和成因方面常被视为一种经典的地球化学手段^[1～3]。近年来,利用此方法研究中国北方风尘的来源及迁移路径也取得了较大的进展^[4～9]。然而,已有的工作主要以全样为研究对象,或者对样品仅作了简单的物理、化学处理,并未建立在风尘Sr-Nd同位素组成变化的影响因素这一基础性工作之上,因而所获得的结果是否接近真实,还有待于更深入的研究。为了弥补已有的工作不足和将更正确地运用Sr-Nd同位素手段确定风尘的源区和追踪其迁移路径,本文测试灵台剖面不同粒度组分及其酸不溶物中     

Influences of alpine ecosystem degradation on soil temperature in the freezing-thawing process on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

The alpine ecosystem is very sensitive to environmental change due to global and local disturbances. The alpine ecosystem degradation, characterized by reducing vegetation coverage or biomass, has been occurring in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which alters local energy balance, and water and biochemical cycles. However, detailed characterization of the ecosystem degradation effect is lack in literature. In this study, the impact of alpine ecosystem degradation on soil temperature for seasonal frozen soil and permafrost are examined. The vegetation coverage is used to indicate the degree of ecosystems degradation. Daily soil temperature is monitored at different depths for different vegetation coverage, for both permafrost and seasonal frozen soils. Results show that under the insulating effort of the vegetation, the freezing and thawing process become quicker and steeper, and the start of the freezing and thawing process moves up due to the insulating effort of the vegetation. The influence of vegetation coverage on the freezing process is more evident than the thawing process; with the decrease of vegetation coverage, the integral of frozen depth increases for seasonal frozen soil, but is vice versa for permafrost.     

Variations in soil properties and their effect on subsurface biomass distribution in four alpine meadows of the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau of China

To understand and predict the role of soils in changes in alpine meadow ecosystems during climate warming, soil monoliths, extending from the surface to the deepest roots, were collected from Carex moorcroftii, Kobresia humilis, mixed grass, and Kobresia pygmaea alpine meadows in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monoliths were used to measure the distribution with depth of biomass, soil grain size, soil nutrient levels, and soil moisture. With the exception of the K. pygmaea meadow, the percentages of gravel and coarse sand in the soils were high, ranging from 37.7 to 57.8% for gravel, and from 18.7 to 27.9% for coarse sand. The texture was finest in the upper 10 cm soil layer, and generally became coarser with increasing depth. Soil nutrients were concentrated in the top 15 cm soil layer, especially in the top 10 cm. Soil water content was low, ranging from 3 to 28.4%. Most of the subsurface biomass was in the top 10 cm, with concentrations of 79.8% in the K. humilis meadow, 77.6% in the mixed grass meadow, and 62.3% in the C. moorcroftii meadow. Owing to deeper root penetration, the concentration of subsurface biomass in the upper 10 cm of K. pygmaea soil was only 41.7%. The subsurface biomass content decreased exponentially with depth; this is attributed to the increase in grain size and decrease in soil nutrient levels with depth. Soil water is not a primary factor influencing the vertical and spatial distribution of subsurface biomass in the study area. The lack of fine material and of soil nutrients resulted in low surficial and subsurface biomass everywhere.     

“数字长寿”地理空间框架建设与应用

从数据资源、软件体系、应用体系、保障体系等建设内容对数字长寿地理空间框架建设情况进行了系统性的阐述,并对数字长寿地理空间框架建设在工作组织、技术探索、应用推广等方面的创新和特色进行了总结。     

地震台站雷电防护技术探讨

地震台站的仪器多采用集成电路、集成块等高精密电子元件,承受外部环境能力相对较弱,容易遭受雷电的侵害。在分析雷电如何危害地震台站仪器设备基础上,针对地震台站工作实际,探讨应用雷电防护技术,减轻雷电对地震观测技术系统仪器设备的损害,及对地震台站雷电防护的参考意义。