An integrated assessment of INDCs under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: an implementation of C<Superscript>3</Superscript>IAM

A series of global actions have been made to address climate change. As a recent developed climate policy, Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) have renewed attention to the importance of exploring temperature rise levels lower than 2 °C, in particular a long-term limit of 1.5 °C, compared to the preindustrial level. Nonetheless, achieving the 2 °C target under the current INDCs depends on dynamic socioeconomic development pathways. Therefore, this study conducts an integrated assessment of INDCs by taking into account different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). To that end, the CEEP-BIT research community develops the China’s Climate Change Integrated Assessment Model (C³IAM) to assess the climate change under SSPs in the context of with and without INDCs. Three SSPs, including “a green growth strategy” (SSP1), “a more middle-of-the-road development pattern” (SSP2) and “further fragmentation between regions” (SSP3) form the focus of this study. Results show that after considering INDCs, mitigation costs become very low and they have no evident positive changes in three SSPs. In 2100, a temperature rise would occur in SSP1-3, which is 3.20, 3.48 and 3.59 °C, respectively. There are long-term difficulties to keep warming well below 2 °C and pursue efforts toward 1.5 °C target even under INDCs. A drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is needed in order to mitigate potentially catastrophic climate change impacts. This work contributes on realizing the hard link between the earth and socioeconomic systems, as well as extending the economic models by coupling the global CGE model with the economic optimum growth model. In C³IAM, China’s energy consumption and emissions pattern are investigated and refined. This study can provide policy makers and the public a better understanding about pathways through which different scenarios could unfold toward 2100, highlights the real mitigation and adaption challenges faced by climate change and can lead to formulating effective policies.     

柴达木盆地旺尕秀地区上侏罗统-下白垩统风成砂的发现及其意义*

本次研究在柴达木盆地旺尕秀地区上侏罗统红水沟组上覆地层中,首次发现了风成沉积。地层主体为一套棕黄色细-中砂岩,由分选、磨圆好的石英砂组成;扫描电镜下可见风成砂特有的碟形撞击坑和新月形撞击坑等特征;层内普遍发育风成大型高角度板状交错层理,层系厚度巨大,风成沙丘前积层特征明显;发育液化作用产生的牵引褶曲、倒转褶曲等常见的风成沙丘同沉积变形构造。根据岩性和沉积构造特征共在地层中识别出4种沉积亚相: 沙丘亚相、丘间亚相、旱谷亚相和沙漠湖亚相,其中沙丘亚相以风成大型交错层理为显著特征,丘间、旱谷和沙漠湖亚相则以水成沉积为主。风成砂沉积的存在丰富了柴达木盆地中生代的沉积类型,为区域地层对比及西北地区晚中生代古气候和古环境研究提供了新的证据和材料。     

A practical model for the power spectrum of spatially variant ground motion

This paper puts forward a model for the power spectrum of spatially variant ground motion. As compared with the other existing models, this model has two features: (1) It is the average result of multiple models and multiple earthquakes rather than the model proposed on the basis of the record of an earthquake given by a certain station array. (2) It has taken into account the variation of self-power spectral parameters from point to point.     

短沟对虾和斑节对虾酚氧化酶原基因的克隆和序列分析

采用RT-PER原理和长片段扩增技术克隆短沟对虾和斑节对虾酚氧化酶原基因。设计合成特异引物、提取血细胞总RNA，反转录后扩增获得的特异片段回收并克隆到pGEM-TEasyVector系统的T载体上，重组子进行碱基序列测定。结果表明，所克隆的短沟对虾酚氧化酶原基因含起始密码子A1B到终止密码子TGA的2055bp，编码684个氨基酸。斑节对虾酚氧化酶原基因含ATG到TGA的2061bp，编码686个氨基酸。短沟对虾酚氧化酶原推算分子量为78153Da，等电点pI为6．25；斑节对虾则为78581Da，pI为5．83，用DNA分析软件分析显示两种对虾酚氧化酶原基因具有高度的同源性，二者的碱基和推测的氨基酸序列同源性分别为93％和92％；对虾与其他节肢动物酚氧化酶原基因的同源性的高低与种类间亲缘关系相关；不同种类间酚氧化酶活性中心重要组成部分的2个铜结合位点、位于铜结合位点内的6个组氨酸以及与铜结合位点相邻的氨基酸序列高度保守。     

一般阻尼桥梁结构体系非一致地震反应谱计算方法

基于平稳随机振动理论,推导了一般阻尼结构体系反应谱组合方法,以满足大跨度桥梁等结构抗震设计的需要。从实际应用出发,采用两步近似处理,得到了组合系数的近似解析公式。数值结果的对比表明,近似解析组合系数公式具有很高的精度,完全可以满足工程抗震设计的需要。为考虑地面运动位移的影响,在组合系数中增加了1个描述地面位移特征的频率参数。     

三分量定源瞬变电磁解释技术及其在金属矿区的实验

目前的瞬变电磁仪器已经为三分量瞬变电磁解释提供了硬件基础,但瞬变电磁的实用解释技术仍局限于对垂直分量的解释或一些简单近似技术。为充分利用三分量数据,进一步提高定源瞬变电磁方法的分辨率,针对定源瞬变电磁装置给出三分量全域视电阻率定义和三分量联合一维反演的方法。在进行全域视电阻率定义时,利用迭代求取反函数值的方法替代直接求取反函数的过程;引入三分量瞬变电磁数据的权重以构建联合三分量数据的目标函数,利用可行域法实现三分量联合一维瞬变电磁反演;最后将三分量解释算法分别应用在模型计算和金属矿的实际勘查资料上,以检验其有效性。模型试验和实际资料处理结果表明,三分量解释方法能够利用更多的瞬变电磁数据,获得更高分辨率的处理结果,且具有较快的计算速度。     

无人机航空磁测在滩涂区地质调查的应用试验

对CH-3型无人机航磁测量系统的测控软硬件、差分GPS定位数据同步、多系统适应性改装以及水平横向梯度测量等方面进行了改进完善,在江苏如东县沿岸滩涂区开展了1∶2.5万大比例尺航磁测量实验,验证了改进系统的高精度测控、稳定性等关键性能,在隐伏岩体、推断断裂构造、磁性界面分布等方面取得了较好的应用效果,表明在为滩涂区开发利用提供有效的基础地质和工程地质等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Bio-mediated calcium carbonate precipitation and its effect on the shear behaviour of calcareous sand

Calcareous sands have abundant intraparticle pores and are prone to particle breakage. This often leads to poor engineering properties, which poses a challenge to coastal infrastructure construction. A study using bio-cementation to improve the engineering properties of calcareous sand is presented in this paper. The macro- and microscopic properties of bio-cemented calcareous sand were characterized by drained triaxial tests and scanning electron microscopy observations. Experimental results show that the precipitated calcium carbonate can effectively fill the intra- and interparticle pores and bond adjacent particles, thus enhancing the shear strength of calcareous sand. The special structures (e.g. abundant intraparticle pores and rough surface) and mineral components (i.e. calcium carbonate) of calcareous sand are beneficial for improving bacterial retention in soil, which leads to a relatively uniform and dense calcium carbonate distribution on the sand particle surface, exhibiting a layer-by-layer growth pattern. This growth pattern and the abundant interparticle pores would result in less effective calcium carbonate. The strength enhancement of bio-cemented calcareous sand is significantly lower than that of bio-cemented silica sand at the same calcium carbonate content, which may be caused by the differences in the following: (a) soil skeleton strength; (b) the amount of effective calcium carbonate; and (c) interparticle pore-filling of calcium carbonate.

     

“Soil arching” for piled embankments: insights from stress redistribution behaviour of DEM modelling

Acta Geotechnica - For piled embankments, it is widely recognised that the majority of embankment load can be transferred to the piles through the “soil arching” mobilised in the...