川西可尔因矿集区稀有金属矿床成矿规律与 找矿方向

为了解可尔因矿集区地质特征和成矿规律,查明矿集区地质找矿方向,对矿集区内成矿地质条件进行了系统分析和总结。研究表明稀有金属成矿主要与印支晚期—燕山早期的中-酸性花岗岩有关,岩浆侵位与成矿伟晶岩脉之间具有结晶分异演化关系。含矿岩浆不均一的结晶分异作用,导致了稀有金属矿化多分布在可尔因岩体东部和南部。在过铝质高挥发分的钙碱性-高钾钙碱性岩浆侵位和结晶分异演化过程中,在岩体与地层的接触带构造发育地段,形成了伟晶岩型稀有金属矿体,具有"岩浆岩-地层-构造"控制成矿的特征。据此提出了矿集区内的找矿标志和岩体与地层接触部位为今后找矿重点区域。     

海南抱伦金矿区辉绿岩脉的成因及其对金成矿的启示

海南抱伦金矿区的金矿脉与大量辉绿岩脉在空间上紧密相关。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文对这些辉绿岩脉开展了岩相学和矿相学观察、全岩主量和微量元素分析、Sm-Nd同位素组成分析、金丰度分析以及SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,初步探讨了辉绿岩脉的成因、岩浆演化和构造背景以及与金成矿作用的关系。地球化学分析结果表明,辉绿岩脉形成于拉斑玄武质岩浆,主要为左倾型的稀土配分模式;相对N-MORB,富集Sr、K、Rb和Ba等LILE和Th,亏损HFSE,ε_(Nd)(t)为0. 3～5. 6,说明岩浆源区为受到俯冲带含水流体影响和少量地壳混染的亏损地幔。辉绿岩脉的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为231. 6±2. 6Ma,与尖峰岭花岗质岩体的年龄(236±3. 5Ma～249±5Ma)相近,产出位置相邻,类似于海南兴隆地区的双峰式侵入岩,表明它们产出于造山后伸展环境。辉绿岩脉对应的岩浆富含CO_2、H_2O、F、K、Rb、Ba和适量的S,为抱伦金矿等单金矿床中Au的合适载体。金丰度分析结果表明,辉绿岩脉中的Au曾被活化迁移。再结合辉绿岩脉成岩年龄与抱伦矿区的成矿年龄在误差范围内一致的特征,认为抱伦金矿的Au可能来源于辉绿岩脉。     

大兴安岭火山喷发带北段中性、中酸性火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过对大兴安岭北段晚侏罗世吉祥峰组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学研究,发现其中存在高Sr低Y型火山岩,即文献上所称的埃达克质岩,笔者认为中酸性火山岩的岩浆起源于下地壳玄武质岩浆,为玄武质岩浆底辟上侵引起地热梯度增加、下地壳中-基性变质火成岩石部分熔融的之混合岩浆,是古太平洋板块向西伯利亚板块斜向俯冲过程中,蒙古-鄂霍次克海槽封闭,陆壳碰撞使地壳加厚,形成兴蒙造山带时所引起的一系列构造岩浆活动。其形成时的构造环境应是在滨太平洋构造域背景下受古亚洲构造域的影响和限制,并非是滨太平洋构造活动带的单一活动所致。早白垩世上库力组酸性火山岩属陆壳重熔型(S型)火山岩,其形成可能与印度-澳大利亚板块朝北偏东方向推挤运移、中国东部岩石圈拉张引起的下地壳拆沉作用有关。      

遵义牛蹄塘组发现的多水硫磷铝石

遵义牛蹄塘组黑色岩系发现的多水硫磷铝石主要产出在Ni-Mo多金属层的微裂隙中，偶尔在多金属层下部的黑色粉砂岩中以脉体形式产出。该矿物结构不稳定，结构中一部分水分子很容易失去，在X射线衍射鉴定时其特征谱线变化较大；在自然条件下存放一定时间后，样品具有稳定的X射线衍射特征。此外，对这些样品进行了红外光谱、热重和差热分析、TEM观测、化学分析和晶胞参数计算，与纤磷铝石进行了对比和讨论。     

Cognate clinopyroxene from Paleogene mantle xenolith-bearing basanite lavas (East Serbia, SE Europe): the role of dissolution of mantle orthopyroxene

The study focuses on clinopyroxene from mantle xenolith-bearing East Serbian basanites and suggests that dissolution of mantle orthopyroxene played an important role in at least some stages of the crystallization of these alkaline magmas. Five compositional types of clinopyroxene are distinguished, some of them having different textural forms: megacrysts (Type-A), green/colourless-cored phenocrysts (Type-B), overgrowths and sieve-textured cores (Type-C), rims and matrix clinopyroxene (Type-D), and clinopyroxene from the reaction rims around orthopyroxene xenocrysts (Type-E). Type-A is high-Al diopside that probably crystallized at near-liquidus conditions either directly from the host basanite or from compositionally similar magmas in previous magmatic episodes. Type-B cores show high ^VIAl/^IVAl≥1 and low Mg# of mostly <75 and are interpreted as typical xenocrysts. Type-C, D and E are interpreted as typical cognate clinopyroxene. Type-D has Mg#<78, Al₂O₃?=?6–13?wt.%, TiO₂?=?1.5–4.5?wt.%, and Na₂O?=?0.4–0.8?wt.% and compositionally similar clinopyroxene is calculated by MELTS as a phase in equilibrium with the last 30?% of melt starting from the average host lava composition. Type-C has Mg#?=?72–89, Al₂O₃?=?4.5–9.5?wt.%, TiO₂?=?1–2.5?wt.%, Na₂O?=?0.35–1?wt.% and Cr₂O₃?=?0.1–1.5?wt.%. This clinopyroxene has some compositional similarities to Type-E occurring exclusively around mantle orthopyroxene. Cr/Al vs Al/Ti and Cr/Al vs Na/Ti plots revealed that Type-C clinopyroxene can crystallize from a mixture of the host basanite magma and 2–20?wt.% mantle orthopyroxene. Sieve-textured Type-C crystals show characteristics of experimentally produced skeletal clinopyroxene formed by orthopyroxene dissolution suggesting that crystallization of Type-C was both texturally and compositionally controlled by orthopyroxene breakdown. According to FeO/MgO^cpx/melt modelling the first clinopyroxene precipitating from the host basanite was Type-A (T?~?1250?°C, p?~?1.5?GPa). Dissolution of orthopyroxene produced decreasing FeO/MgO^melt and crystallization of Type-E and sieve-textured Type-C clinopyroxene (0.3–0.8?GPa and 1200–1050?°C). The melt composition gradually shifted towards higher FeO/MgO^melt ratios precipitating more evolved Type-C and Type-D approaching near-solidus conditions (<0.3?GPa; ~950?°C).     

Dauphiné twinning and texture memory in polycrystalline quartz. Part 3: texture memory during phase transformation

Samples of quartz-bearing rocks were heated above the α (trigonal)–β (hexagonal) phase transformation of quartz (625–950°C) to explore changes in preferred orientation patterns. Textures were measured both in situ and ex situ with neutron, synchrotron X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction. The trigonal–hexagonal phase transformation does not change the orientation of c- and a-axes, but positive and negative rhombs become equal in the hexagonal β-phase. In naturally deformed quartzites measured by neutron diffraction a perfect texture memory was observed, i.e. crystals returned to the same trigonal orientation they started from, with no evidence of twin boundaries. Samples measured by electron back-scattered diffraction on surfaces show considerable twinning and memory loss after the phase transformation. In experimentally deformed quartz rocks, where twinning was induced mechanically before heating, the orientation memory is lost. A mechanical model can explain the memory loss but so far it does not account for the persistence of the memory in quartzites. Stresses imposed by neighboring grains remain a likely cause of texture memory in this mineral with a very high elastic anisotropy. If stresses are imposed experimentally the internal stresses are released during the phase transformation and the material returns to its original state prior to deformation. Similarly, on surfaces there are no tractions and thus texture memory is partially lost.     

真空联合堆载预压加固桥头软基地表沉降分析

根据浃里陈大桥桥头试验段的地表沉降的现场监测结果,主要分析了加固区的地表沉降随时间的变化规律、影响区的地表沉降特征以及对周围建筑物的影响;真空能量与地表沉降的关系以及停泵后的地表回弹量.结果表明,真空联合堆载能大幅消除沉降量,减少工后沉降量,达到防止"桥头跳车"的作用.     

陕西靖边龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌成因机理初探

近期,通过对陕西靖边龙洲地区的丹霞地貌进行详细调查,查明了该地区丹霞地貌类型为丹霞正-负地貌的过渡类型——波浪式丹霞地貌。为了科学评价其价值和意义,本文主要从成景地层岩石特征、地质构造特征以及外动力因素等方面来初步探讨龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌的成因机理。研究表明:首先,研究区洛河组砂岩平行层理、大型风成交错层理对波浪式丹霞景观的形成具有很好的塑造作用;成景地层洛河组紫红色砂岩,为一套风成沙漠相沉积,岩石胶结程度较差,硬度低易碎,是波浪式丹霞地貌形成的物质基础;晚白垩世以来,鄂尔多斯盆地掀斜,区内地壳普遍隆起,表现为靖边龙洲地区发育多级古夷平面和河流阶地,对波浪式丹霞地貌的形成起基础性控制作用;该区洛河组砂岩中发育多组节理、裂隙构造,将洛河组砂岩切割成块状,其对波浪式丹霞地貌的形成和改造起着关键性控制作用;外动力因素上,靖边为半干旱内陆性季风气候,受西北风改造作用非常明显,是波浪式丹霞微地貌形成的主导外动力因素,此外,夏秋季的暴雨强烈冲刷侵蚀地表岩层,春秋季的寒潮霜冻,岩石发生冻融和崩落,对龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌的形成也有重要改造作用;靖边龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌除了受到地质构造和流水侵蚀的约束外,风力吹蚀对微地貌的改造非常明显,这是该地区丹霞地貌形成的主导外动力因素和特色所在;该地区波浪式丹霞地貌的发育阶段可分为两期。     

新疆西昆仑地区大型铜矿成矿条件分析

新疆西昆仑地区地质与矿业开发的地理条件较差,地质工作程度较低。目前发现的铜矿（化）主要分布于布伦口及外围地区、昆盖山地区。前铜矿（化）赋存于前寒武纪变质岩中,是产于菱铁矿层或铁白云岩中的层状铜矿床,属Ｓｅｄｅｘ型;后受控于石炭纪双峰式火山岩系,铜矿分布有“二位一体”的特点,较有意义的铜矿（化）是产于下石炭统中枕状玄武岩中的ＶＨＭＳ型即塞浦露斯型铜矿。通过对上述两地铜矿成矿地质特点的分析以及控矿     

A subsidiary fast-diffusing substitution mechanism of Al in forsterite investigated using diffusion experiments under controlled thermodynamic conditions

Diffusion of Al in synthetic forsterite was studied at atmospheric pressure from 1100 to 1500 °C in air along [100] with activities of SiO₂, MgO and Al₂O₃ (a_SiO2, a_MgO and a_Al2O3) buffered. At low a_SiO2, the buffer was forsterite + spinel + periclase (fo + sp + per) at all temperatures, while at high a_SiO2 and subsolidus conditions a variety of three-phase assemblages containing forsterite and two other phases from spinel, cordierite, protoenstatite or sapphirine were used at 1100–1350 °C. Experiments at high a_SiO2 and 1400 °C used forsterite + protoenstatite + melt (fo + en + melt), and at 1500 °C, fo + melt. The resulting diffusion profiles were analysed by LA–ICP–MS in scanning mode. Diffusion profiles in the high a_SiO2 experiments were generally several hundred microns in length, but diffusion at low a_SiO2 was three orders of magnitude slower than in high a_SiO2 experiments carried out at the same temperature, producing short profiles only a few microns in length and close to the spatial resolution of the analytical method. Interface concentrations of Al in the forsterite, obtained by extrapolating the diffusion profiles to the crystal/buffer interface, were only a fraction of those expected at equilibrium, and varied among the differing buffer assemblages according to (a_Al2O3)^1/2 and (a_SiO2)^3/4, pointing to the substitution of Al in forsterite by an octahedral-site, vacancy-coupled (OSVC) component with the stoichiometry Al _4/3 ³⁺ vac_2/3SiO₄, whereas the main substitution expected from previous equilibrium studies would be the coupled substitution of 2 Al for Mg + Si, giving the stoichiometry MgAl₂O₄. It is proposed that this latter substitution is not seen on the length scales of the present experiments because it requires replacement of Si by Al on tetrahedral sites, and is accordingly rate-limited by the slow diffusivity of Si. Instead, diffusion of Al by the OSVC mechanism is relatively fast, and at high a_SiO2, even faster than Fe–Mg interdiffusion.