海洋牧场背景下的休闲渔业旅游发展模式研究

近年来随着产业融合的发展趋势显著,第一产业和第二产业开始向第三产业转型,海洋牧场建设发展过程中渔业与旅游业逐渐融合发展形成休闲渔业等渔业旅游形式。许多地区因地制宜形成了不同的休闲渔业发展模式,休闲渔业旅游发展多元化的趋势也在逐渐形成。文章对休闲渔业的概念进行了阐述,介绍了休闲渔业的产生与发展,并对我国休闲渔业的旅游模式进行归纳,提出当前休闲渔业发展存在的问题。如:发展观念滞后,缺乏长远规划;海洋休闲渔业产业结构单一;缺乏高素质的从业人员;科技、资金投入不足等。最后总结了海洋牧场背景下休闲渔业的未来发展趋势并对发展方向提出建议。     

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)新型凝集素ChPerlucin的基因克隆与功能研究

C-型凝集素(C-type lectin)是一类能识别并结合多糖的免疫蛋白质超家族, 本文首次克隆了一种新型香港牡蛎C-型凝集素基因——甘露聚糖结合凝集素, 并获得了该基因的全长序列, 命名为ChPerlucin。结果显示, ChPerlucin基因cDNA全长577bp, 包括21bp的5′末端非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)、73bp的 3′UTR, 以及483bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF), 编码160个氨基酸, ChPerlucin蛋白理论分子量为18kD, 等电点为5.95。ChPerlucin蛋白含有保守的C-型凝集素样结构域(C-type lectin or carbohydrate-recognition domain, CLECT); 邻接法(Neighbor-Joining, NJ)进化树分析表明, ChPerlucin与其他贝类的Perlucin聚为一支, 说明该基因是软体动物Perlucin家族的新成员。qRT-PCR结果显示, ChPerlucin在香港牡蛎所检测组织和各个胚胎发育时期中均有表达; 病原菌刺激后, ChPerlucin表达量显著升高; 利用毕赤酵母真核成功表达了ChPerlucin重组蛋白, 发现ChPerlucin重组蛋白具有抑菌效果。以上结果表明ChPerlucin在香港牡蛎的先天性免疫过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

气候变化对海洋鱼类群落结构的影响研究进展

全球气候变化影响着海洋生态系统的多个方面,而鱼类群落结构对气候变化的响应机制是探索海洋生态系统演变规律的关键点之一。本文结合国内外相关研究成果,概述了气候变化引起的温度、盐度、CO₂浓度、海平面高度、溶解氧以及海流等的改变对鱼类群落结构的影响,并以太平洋十年涛动(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)和厄尔尼诺−南方涛动(El Niño Southern Oscillation,ENSO)等典型气候现象为例,探讨了鱼类群落对典型气候现象的响应,讨论了需要解决的重点问题,以期为科学应对气候变化和制定海洋生物多样性保护策略提供依据。     

滋膵通脉饮联合甲钴胺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变30 例临床观察

目的：观察滋膵通脉饮联合甲钴胺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）气阴两虚、瘀血阻络证的临床疗效。方法：将60 例DPN气阴两虚、瘀血阻络证患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组各30 例。对照组予以西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用滋膵通脉饮治疗。观察2组治疗前后多伦多临床评分系统（TCSS）评分、感觉阈值（VPT）、正中神经（运动神经、感觉神经）传导速度的变化,并评价综合疗效。结果：总有效率治疗组为73.33%（22/30）,高于对照组的63.33%（19/30）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2组TCSS评分、VPT、正中神经传导速度治疗前后差值及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：滋膵通脉饮联合甲钴胺治疗DPN气阴两虚、瘀血阻络证临床疗效显著,可缓解患者疼痛、麻木等症状,提高神经传导速度,改善患者生活质量。     

水源涵养功能概念的生态和水文视角辨析

水源涵养是评价陆地生态系统服务功能的重要指标,然而学界对水源涵养功能概念和计算方法仍存在诸多争论。这一方面说明水源涵养功能评估具有重要的现实意义,同时也说明其概念的复杂性和模糊性,亟需从生态学和水文学的基本理论出发,厘清水源涵养功能概念的内涵和评估方法,促进科学决策和有效管理。研究水源涵养功能时,生态学家更关注陆地生态系统的蓄水能力（Smax）,而水文学家更关注流域的产流量（Q）,两者均具有合理性,但各有侧重,若不分别辨析,极易造成概念混淆。理论和数据分析表明,蓄水能力和产流量虽然联系紧密,但概念完全不同。陆地生态系统的Smax决定了流域对降水的分配：即蒸散发（绿水）和Q（蓝水）,Smax和Q在降水量一定的情况下往往存在此消彼长的关系。研究发现生态系统的根区蓄水能力（SRmax）是联系绿水和蓝水的核心要素,是水源涵养功能评估的关键变量。大尺度根区蓄水能力主要由气候决定,可借鉴工程水文中设计水库的累积曲线法,根据生态系统用水的生存策略通过气候反演。最后,本文提出3点建议：(1)在实践中分别评估生态系统的绿水和蓝水涵养功能;(2)进一步全面考虑冰川积雪、地下水等多要素的水源涵养功能;(3)...     

Microbial community changes in the digestive tract of the clam Meretrix petechialis in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Disease in clams frequently occurred over the last decade and has become a serious threat to the clam aquaculture industry and natural stocks. Mass clam...     

Short- and long-term response of phytoplankton to ENSO in Prydz Bay,Antarctica: Evidences from field measurements,remote sensing data and stratigraphic biomarker records

The study provides one of the first lines of evidence showing linkages between Antarctic phytoplankton abundance and composition in response to ENSO, based on historical reconstruction of sediment biomarkers. In addition to sediment biomarkers, field measured and remote sensing data of phytoplankton abundance were also recorded from Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica. Com-munity structure of field measured phytoplankton showed significant El Ni？o/La Ni？a-related succession during 1990 to 2002. In general, the number of algae species decreased during El Ni？o and La Ni？a years compared to normal years. Austral summer monthly variation of remotely sensed chlorophyll-a （Chl-a）, particulate organic carbon （POC）, and sea surface temperature （SST） indicated that ENSO impacted the timing of phytoplankton blooms during 2007 to 2011. Phytoplankton blooms （indicated by Chl-a and POC） preceded the increases in SST during El Ni？o years, and lagged behind the SST increases during La Ni？a years. Stratigraphic record of marine sedimentary lipid （brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenones） biomarkers inferred that the proportions of different algae （diatoms, dinoflagellates and haptophytes） changed significantly between El Ni？o and La Ni？a events. The relative proportion of diatoms increased, with that of dinoflagellates being decreased during El Ni？o years, while it was reversed during La Ni？a years.     

城市河道公共休闲的适宜性指标体系构建与评价简

城市河道是集城市生态保育、娱乐游憩、居住生活、景观等多重功能于一体的开放空间。对城市河道公共休闲空间的利用目前存在价值利用与控制难以协调的矛盾,构建城市河道公共休闲价值评价指标对城市河道休闲空间的规划与开发具有重要的现实意义。基于目前公众对城市河道休闲的识别要素,综合国内外学者对休闲空间评价、城市河道生态健康评价等研究,将城市河道公共休闲空间适宜性指标归纳为资源特性、形态特性、功能特性、文化特质、公共特性等5个维度共42项指标;综合考虑指标的代表性和易操作性等特征,在指标权重确定上,使用最常用的关联矩阵法,反映各指标的重要性差异;利用确定的指标体系和权重测度了北京城区已治理的14条河道的公共休闲适宜度。结果表明,北京市城市河道普遍存在生态景观特征较好,但实用性有待加强的现实问题。     

基于价值变化的城乡不动产征收博弈分析研究

不动产征收前后价值变化研究对于不动产征收主体博弈分析具有重要的意义,也为不动产征收补偿价格评估提供了理论支持。主要通过城乡不动产征收前后价值变化以及被征收人利益损害的分析,探讨了不同目的下的中国不动产征收主体博弈模型及行为选择。研究认为:(1)基于预期收益原则的不动产征收价格评估为不动产征收补偿与征收增值收益分配提供了理论依据;(2)基于公共目的性征收分析表明被征收人的权益保护很大程度上依赖于政府的角色定位,基于非公共目的性征收分析表明由于增值利益分配的零和博弈冲突以及政府的惯性强势思维,对现有政策体制不可避免地带来一系列冲突;(3)基于公共目的性划分的不动产征收与国家收购两种类型有利于区别制定不动产征收政策,从而促进土地资源的合理流动与优化配置。     

Radiative forcing over China due to albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990–2010

Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.