金沙江白鹤滩水电站坝址区断层变形特点及成因分析

拟建中的白鹤滩水电站坝基将建在二叠系峨眉山组玄武岩层之上.坝址区发育有位移量较小的NW300°、NW320°、NE40°和近SN向4组断层,其中NW300°断层最为发育.在野外详细调查的基础上,室内的显微构造研究和电子自旋共振(简称ESR)测年结果表明,坝址区内的断层是在燕山期晚期近东西向挤压应力场作用下形成,后期又受到了近南北向挤压应力场的改造.断层破碎带以发育典型碎裂-角砾岩等浅层脆性构造岩为特点,近期活动不明显.     

A Metallogenic Model of Gold Deposits of the Jiaodong Granite-Greenstone Belt

An analysis of trace elements and isotopic geochemistry suggest that the ore-forming materials of gold deposits in the Jiaodong granite-greenstone belt have multiple sources, especially the mantle source. Seismic wave, magnetic and gravity fields show that the crust-mantle structure and its coupling mechanism are the fundamental dynamic causes for the exchange and accumulation of materials and energy in the metallogenic system. Considering the evolution history of the structural setting, the tectono-metallogenic dynamics model of the area can be summarized as follows: (1) occurrence of the greenstone belt during the Archean-Proterozoic-the embryonic form of Au-source system; (2) stable tectonic setting in the Paleozoic-an intermittence in gold mineralization; (3) intensive activation and reformation of the greenstone belt in the Mesozoic-tectono-mineralization and tectono-diagensis; (4) posthumous structural activity in the Cenozoic-destruction of orebodies in the later stage. In the middle and late Ind     

豫西银家沟硫铁多金属矿床流体包裹体和同位素特征

河南省银家沟硫铁多金属矿床位于华北克拉通南缘华熊地块内,是东秦岭地区最大的硫铁多金属矿床,以其硫铁储量大及共、伴生元素复杂区别于东秦岭其他以钼为主的矿床.成矿的全过程可以划分为矽卡岩期、硫化物期和表生期,包括磁铁矿阶段、脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-斑铜矿-闪锌矿阶段、网脉状石英辉钼矿阶段、石英绢云母-黄铁矿阶段、方解石-方铅矿闪锌矿阶段和玉髓褐铁矿阶段.流体包裹体研究表明,银家沟矿床主要发育气液两相水溶液包裹体(W型)、含CO2三相包裹体(C型)和含子矿物多相包裹体(S型).钾长花岗斑岩的石英斑晶中流体包裹体均一温度介于341～＞550℃之间,盐度介于0.4％～44.0％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl-CO2体系;脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于382～416℃之间,盐度介于3.6％～40.8％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系;石英-方解石-黄铁矿黄铜矿-斑铜矿-闪锌矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于318～436℃之间,盐度介于5.6％～42.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系;网脉状石英-辉钼矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于321～411℃之间,盐度介于6.3％～16.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2 O-NaCl体系;石英-绢云母黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度介于326～419℃之间,盐度介于4.7％～49.4％ NaCl eqv之间,属H2O-NaCl体系.银家沟矿床成矿流体主要为高温、高盐度流体,总体上属于H2O-NaCl±CO2体系.成矿热液的δ18 OH2O值为4.0‰～8.6‰,δ18 Dv-SMOW值为-64‰～-52‰,表明成矿流体来自岩浆水.矿石金属硫化物的δ18 SV-CDT值介于-0.2‰～6.3‰之间,平均为1.6‰,具深源硫特征,硫主要来自分异很差的由火成物质组成的下地壳,官道口群白云岩亦提供了部分重硫.矿床金属硫化物的206 Pb/204 Pb值介于17.331～18.043之间,207 Pb/204 Pb值变化于15.444～15.575之间,208 Pb/204 Pb值变化于37.783～38.236之间,总体上与银家沟岩体的铅同位素范围一致,暗示铅主要来自矿区内的燕山期中酸性岩体,地层在成矿过程中亦提供了少量物质.银家沟矿床属斑岩-矽卡岩型,形成于中生代EW向构造体制向NNE向构造体制转变阶段,成矿流体多期次的沸腾作用是矿质沉淀的主要机制.     

正态分布检验在地下水检测质量控制中的应用

对地下水调查中37种必测组分检测过程的替代物进行筛选,应用D’Agostino法对替代物的测量结果进行正态性检验。利用正态分布函数"3σ"原则,定义了各替代物质量控制指标的有效区间。应用正态函数随机变量的数学期望和方差,计算得到各替代物有效区间内的正态函数分布概率均大于97%,替代物过程能力指数计算结果表明,二溴氟代甲烷、甲苯-d8、对溴氟苯、1,2-二氯苯-d4、氟苯等挥发性有机污染物分析过程选用的替代物质量控制过程处于稳定的监控状态;2,4,5,6-四氯间二甲苯、二丁基氯菌酸酯、p-三联苯、十氯联苯等半挥发性有机污染物分析过程选用的替代物监控指标分析过程能力不足。建议参考美国EPA方法中有关监控指标质量控制区间的要求,适当放宽对半挥发性有机物检测流程中选用的替代物质量控制区间的有效范围。正态分布在地下水检测过程质量控制中的应用,为实验室检测过程的质量管理提供了科学、有效的数学依据。     

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.     

淮北地区一次强风暴的弓形回波分析

2005年7月16日淮北地区发生了一次强风暴天气过程。主要使用新建成的阜阳CINRAD-SA多普勒天气雷达观测资料,辅以天气图、本站高空观测、地面观测资料,对此过程进行了综合分析。结果表明：这是一次以灾害性大风为主、有雨暴相伴随、局部还有冰雹发生的强对流天气过程。影响系统是一条中-β尺度的弓形飑线回波带。弓形回波带是由更早些时间出现的弧形的阵风锋触发而成的。中层干冷空气的侵入加强了对流云体中的下沉气流和低层出流,形成阵风锋。在如何综合应用如此丰富的雷达产品做好临近预报方面作了初步的尝试。     

阿尔山地区积雪变化特征

选取阿尔山气象站1981—2015年冷季(10月—次年4月)气象资料,利用滑动平均、线性倾向估计和Mann-Kendall等方法,对年最大积雪深度、积雪日数、气温和降水量进行分析。结果表明,阿尔山地区年最大积雪深度主要发生在1月至3月,其中2月份概率最大,达50%;34 a内最大积雪深度呈上升趋势(2.77 cm/10a),年平均增加0.98%,且年最大积雪深度在1998年发生了突变,即在1998年之前增长缓慢,在2000年以后上升趋势显著。积雪日数的统计分析表明,初始积雪日数和有效积雪日数呈现略微减少趋势,而稳定积雪日数有微弱的增加趋势;通常初始积雪日数比有效积雪日数大30天左右。年最大积雪深度与稳定积雪时期的降水量、积雪日数、日照时数有显著的相关性,相关系数分别为0.647、0.515、0.584,但与稳定积雪时期的气温没有明显的相关性。在全球变暖的大环境下,积雪深度随着降水量和日照时数的增加而增加,且积雪深度受降水量的影响大于日照时数的影响。     

Test of a convectively forced gravity wave drag parameterization in a general circulation model

The influence of gravity wave drag induced by cumulus convection (GWDC) on a simulated boreal summer climate was evaluated in a general circulation model. For this, the GWDC scheme developed by Chun and Baik was implemented into a version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global spectral model (GSM). Ensemble simulations with the two different convection schemes, the simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS) scheme and Community Climate Model (CCM) convection scheme, were conducted for the boreal summer of 1996. A cloud factor to modulate the stress intensity with respect to the cloud type was introduced in this study, in order to prevent unrealistic behaviors of the GWDC scheme in GSM. The effect of gravity wave drag on the zonal mean of wind and temperature fields was focused. On the whole, the effect of GWDC in this study is positive on the simulated seasonal climate. It is evident that biases in temperature in the polar region as well as in the zonal and meridional winds in the upper atmosphere are reduced. The percentage of reduction of the bias in zonal winds is about 10–20%. Such a response of the GWDC forcing widely appears not only in tropical regions but also in mid-latitude regions. These characteristics are prominent in the case of the SAS scheme, which is due to the various convective cloud types. The magnitude of GWDC forcing is generally small, but still positive, in the case of the CCM scheme, which is due to rather homogeneous cloud types. It is also found that the role of a particular GWDC forcing depends upon the inherent systematic biases of a particular model. It is concluded that incorporation of the GWDC parameterization in GCMs should be taken into account to improve the seasonal prediction.