综放工作面覆岩破坏规律的观测研究

综放覆岩破坏规律,特别是近松散层开采区的实测数据现在还很少。兖州杨村煤矿采用瞬变电磁法对同一工作面的岩柱厚度大于69m的深部开采区和岩柱厚度28~69m的浅部开采区分别进行了采后覆岩破坏两带高度探测,探测结果表明浅部裂缝带高度比深部降低17%~27%,冒落带高度变化不明显。      

Impact of climate change on dynamic of plant communities, lakes and swamps in Beijing area during Holocene period

IntroductionInPAGESofIGBPcoreprojectstudy',pollenanalysisinsbeenoneoftheimportantmethodstoreco~ctQuaternarypaleoclilnate.Recently,tviththedeepeningofglobalchangeresearches,manyresearchersactounderstandindetaildiechangeofclimatebystUdyingpollenrecordsoflandsoilsandlakesandswamps.Foralongbine,theChinesescienhstshavepaidgreatattenhontotheStUdyofthehistoricalclinistcandenvironmentchangesinNorthChina.particularlyinBedingarea.Daingthepastthreedecades,thescienhstShavemadesurveysandstUdiesonth…     

RAPD analysis of wild stock of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus chinensis) in Chinese coastal waters of the Huanghai Sea and coastal waters of the Bohai Sea

Intermsoftheresearchingermplasmandgeneticsofmarineanimals,Chinaseemsquiteweakincomparisonwithotherdevelopedcountries,fortherelevantresearchprogramswereonlyinitiatedinthe1980's.Inrecentyears,moreattentionhasbeendrawntothegermplasmsourcesofmarinevaluableanimalsandsomeresearchprogramshavebeenplannedorundertakeninChina.Abroad,thetechniquessuchaselectrophoresispatternsofisoenzym,RAPDandRFLPhavebeenappliedtotherelevantstudiesongeneticvariationandevolutionaryrelationshipswithinagroupofPenaeidshri…     

Centimeter-level precise orbit determination for the HY-2A satellite using DORIS and SLR tracking data

The HY-2A satellite is the first ocean dynamic environment monitoring satellite of China. Centimeter-level radial accuracy is a fundamental requirement for its scientific research and applications. To achieve this goal, we designed the strategies of precise orbit determination (POD) in detail. To achieve the relative optimal orbit for HY-2A, we carried out POD using DORIS-only, SLR-only, and DORIS + SLR tracking data, respectively. POD tests demonstrated that the consistency level of DORIS-only and SLR-only orbits with respect to the CNES orbits were about 1.81 cm and 3.34 cm in radial direction in the dynamic sense, respectively. We designed 6 cases of different weight combinations for DORIS and SLR data, and found that the optimal relative weight group was 0.2 mm/s for DORIS and 15.0 cm for SLR, and RMS of orbit differences with respect to the CNES orbits in radial direction and three-dimensional (3D) were 1.37 cm and 5.87 cm, respectively. These tests indicated that the relative radial and 3D accuracies computed using DORIS + SLR data with the optimal relative weight set were obviously higher than those computed using DORIS-only and SLR-only data, and satisfied the requirement of designed precision. The POD for HY-2A will provide the invaluable experience for the following HY-2B, HY-2C, and HY-2D satellites.     

辽宁阜新井水温破年变与加速下降原因分析

阜新井水温于2015年8月出现破年变变化,至2016年3月水温出现加速下降现象,最大降幅达7.2‰℃,距水温井约16m处的体应变井辅助水位亦出现同步下降变化。通过对水温井观测系统、区域地质特征和周边环境等进行调查发现,水温井东北约1km处的新打深水井大量抽水可能是造成水温及水位下降变化的原因。将新井抽水时间与阜新井水温及其他前兆测项观测数据进行对比分析,结果显示水温、体应变和钻孔水位等数据的变化与新打井在成因、空间、时间和强度上都存在明显的相关性。故阜新井水温及辅助水位同步变化为附近新井抽水干扰所致,排除为地震前兆异常的可能。     

2018年5月28日松原MS 5.7地震前热红外亮温异常分析

2018年5月28日吉林松原发生M_S 5.7地震。为了分析松原地震前可能与地震有关的热红外亮温异常,收集了以震中为中心的38°—50°N、116°—134°E范围内,2013年1月1日—2018年6月18日静止气象卫星FY-2G观测的地表亮温资料,应用连续小波变换方法计算了每一个像元的小波相对能谱,得到了分析区域内相对能谱的时、空演化规律。结果显示,地震前1周吉林—丰满断裂周围出现相对能谱值超出背景值的异常现象;且随着地震的临近,异常区域沿着松花江第二断裂带向NW方向扩展,异常幅度随之增大。地震发生后异常幅度及面积继续增大,直至震后1个月异常逐渐消失。含油气盆地地下大量天然气对震前应力的变化较敏感,当应力积蓄到一定程度,盆地周缘的活动构造带及一些微裂隙都是天然气上涌的通道,而溢出地表的甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体辐射增温效果明显。在震前,盆地出现大片区域的辐射增温异常可能与天然气外泄有关,或许可以解释松原M_S 5.7地震震中位于异常区外边缘的现象。     

Spatio-temporal changes and their relationship in water resources and agricultural disasters across China

Changes in monthly streamflow and the potential influences and feedbacks of agricultural activities are investigated. Significant decreases in streamflow are observed in northern China, including the Yellow, Huaihe and Haihe river basins, while in southern China streamflow increases significantly in the Yangtze, Pearl and South river basins. This spatial pattern of changes in streamflow indicates that the imbalance in water resources between northern (dry) and southern (wet) China has increased during past decades. On the one hand, available water resources are a controlling factor determining the expansion of irrigated land and the structure of crop plantation (i.e. rice, wheat, corn or bean); on the other hand, crop planting structure and effective irrigated areas are important determinants of changes in streamflow. The increasing effective irrigation and rice planting areas in northern China may increase water withdrawal from rivers, causing subsequent decreases in streamflow, while in southeastern China, decreasing effective irrigation areas enhance the increases in streamflow.     

梯级筑坝对黑河水质时空分布特征的影响

为探究梯级大坝建设对河流水质变化规律的影响,将黑河上中游划分为坝上河段、坝下河段及自然河段,于2017年12月-2018年8月选取了24个主要控制断面进行水质调查,并采用多元统计的方法对比分析了不同时空尺度上的水质分布特征.结果表明:黑河上中游水质时空变化的主要影响因子为水温(WT)、pH值、溶解氧(DO)、电导率(EC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和五日生化需氧量(BOD_5).空间尺度上,WT、EC、BOD_5、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、TN等指标具有显著性差异,其中坝上河段受BOD_5、CODMn影响较大,自然河段WT、EC和TN为关键指标,而各个因子对坝下河段水质影响较小.时间尺度上,WT、EC、BOD_5、氨氮与季节变化存在明显相关性,是不同河段水质时间变化的控制因子,且大多数水质因子在非汛期变化最明显.降水、温度、水文条件等季节性影响因素和梯级水库联合运用模式是该区域水质时间差异的主要原因;空间差异主要受祁连、张掖地区外源性污染物排放以及筑坝环境下水动力条件改变而产生的沉积滞留效应和沿程累积效应影响.研究表明,外源性污染源依然是导致水质变差的主要因素,梯级筑坝则是导致水质变差的间接因素.因此控制该区域人类活动所造成的外源性污染源,并针对不同种类污染物的季节变化特征实施合理的水库运行方式是改善水电梯级开发河段水质状况的关键.     

天津测震台网地震监测能力分析

通过计算地震台站最小监控震级,得到天津测震台网地震监测能力。采用经典谱估计中的Welch算法,计算天津测震台网31个地震台站噪声水平。取噪声水平有效值的30倍作为能检测到最小地震S波的最大振幅,通过近震震级公式,计算各台站地震震级,取第4个能被检测到的台站地震震级作为最小监控震级。