山东枣庄薛城地区稀土矿成矿规律研究及找矿预测

鲁南微山县郗山稀土矿为我国北方三大富轻稀土矿之一,也是山东省最重要的轻稀土矿产地,其周边地区是山东省重要的稀土矿远景找矿预测区。通过综合找矿方法在山东省枣庄市薛城地区开展矿产调查工作,发现了重要的稀土矿找矿线索,其成矿类型、成矿时期及成矿模式等与郗山稀土矿具有内在的时空、成因联系。该文以利用综合找矿方法在枣庄薛城地区稀土矿调查评价中的应用为实例,通过与郗山稀土矿的对比探讨,分析了该区稀土矿的成矿规律及成矿模式,并结合区域成矿背景进行了成矿预测,对鲁南地区今后稀土矿的调查评价工作具有指导作用。     

秦岭南北1951-2009年的气温与热量资源变化

根据47 个地面气象站1951-2009 年日气温资料,对秦岭南北近60 年温度带划分指标(包括年平均气温、日平均气温稳定≥ 10 ℃的日数与积温、最冷月与最热月气温、极端最低气温等) 的变化特征进行了分析,结果发现：秦岭南北气候增暖主要出现在20 世纪90 年代初之后,年平均气温、日平均气温≥ 10 ℃的日数和积温的变化趋势基本一致,1951-1993 年在年代波动中略有下降,而1993 年之后则快速上升;但存在着季节和区域差异。在季节上,冷季(1 月) 平均气温与极端最低气温变化趋势一致,1951-1985 年均在波动中略有上升,1985 年之后出现微弱下降;而暖季(7 月) 温度总体变化趋势不明显。在区域上,1993 年之后,秦岭以北、秦岭南坡、汉水流域及巴巫谷地的日平均气温稳定≥ 10 ℃的日数分别较1993 年之前增加了10 天、10 天、8 天和5 天,相应时段的积温分别增加了278 ℃、251 ℃、235 ℃和207 ℃;即20 世纪90 年代初以来,秦岭以北气温与热量资源增加幅度要比秦岭以南稍大一些。     

密云某流域土壤重金属污染特征及评价

对北京市密云水库上游某流域周边土壤重金属(As、Hg、Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Ni、Cr)的空间分布、来源及污染现状进行评价。地累积指数法、单因子指数与内梅罗综合污染指数法、多元统计分析(相关性分析、主成分分析)表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和As五种元素主要来源于矿山开采、选矿以及运输等过程;Cr和Ni污染主要来源于旧金属垃圾及铁矿开采伴生元素;Hg元素污染主要来自于金矿的采选过程。Cr元素在该流域内污染比例较大,Hg与Cd两种元素变异程度较大,污染较为严重的区域主要集中在金矿和尾矿库附近。Pb和As两种元素污染程度处于相对安全水平。     

湘南铜山岭铜多金属矿床成矿物质来源的 S、Pb、C同位素约束

铜山岭铜多金属矿床是湘南W、Sn、Pb、Zn、Cu多金属矿集区的代表性矿床,本文对其不同类型岩石和矿石矿物进行了S、Pb、C同位素组成对比研究。矿石硫化物的δ34 S值变化范围为-1.9‰~5.7‰,平均值为2.6‰,硫主要来源于硫同位素组成均一化的岩浆。硫化物硫同位素平衡温度表明,矿床主要成矿温度为134~339℃。矿石铅的206 Pb/204 Pb、207 Pb/204 Pb、208 Pb/204 Pb比值分别为18.256~18.856、15.726~15.877、38.352~39.430;岩体岩石铅的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.617~18.805、15.721~15.786、38.923~39.073;两者铅同位素组成相同,都主要为上地壳铅,是由同一岩浆体系分异形成,可能来源于古老基底岩石。不同类型岩石、方解石矿物的δ13 CPDB值为-9.88‰~1.32‰,δ18 OSMOW值为11.67‰~17.68‰,从矽卡岩矿体到距岩体稍远的围岩地层,方解石矿物的δ13 CPDB、δ18 OSMOW值逐渐增大,成矿流体中的碳早期可能主要来源于岩浆,在成矿过程中有部分碳酸盐岩地层碳的加入。铜山岭矿床成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,赋矿地层对矿床成矿物质来源作用不显著,仅提供了少量成矿物质。     

高精度铅同位素比值MC-ICP-MS测试方法及岩石标样铅同位素组成

利用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（Neptune plus）建立了高精度铅同位素比值MC-ICP-MS测试方法。建立该方法的过程中,重点评估了加入的Tl标准溶液对铅同位素比值测试结果的影响,并最终确定Tl标准溶液的浓度为25 ng/mL,同时样品溶液Pb的浓度应该大于25 ng/mL（即Pb/Tl浓度比应大于1）。利用该方法对铅同位素标准物质SRM 981进行了长期监控（2020年7月—2021年6月）,测试结果为：206Pb/204Pb=16.9415±0.0010、207Pb/204Pb=15.4985±0.0009、208Pb/204Pb=36.7204±0.0023,与统计的文献报道值一致。长期监控的全流程空白均小于0.25 ng,能满足地质样品高精度铅同位素比值测试的需要。同时运用该方法,对4个元素含量标样（BCR-2、AGV-2、BHVO-2和BIR-1a）进行了铅同位素比值测试,测试结果与文献报道的测试结果和精度一致,表明建立的方法是准确、可靠的。     

1961 - 2018年新疆北部冬季暴雪时空分布及其环流特征

基于1961 - 2018年冬季逐日降水资料, 研究了新疆北部不同类型暴雪的时空分布和环流特征。结果表明, 冬季新疆北部的局地暴雪日数最多（73.1%）, 区域暴雪次之（20.9%）, 大范围暴雪最少（6.0%）。总暴雪、 区域暴雪和大范围暴雪日数呈显著的增加趋势, 局地暴雪的增加趋势不显著。总暴雪、 局地暴雪和区域暴雪日数在12月最多; 大范围暴雪日数在2月最多。20世纪60 - 80年代, 新疆北部冬季以局地暴雪为主, 暴雪中心主要位于伊犁河谷和塔城地区北部; 90年代至今, 区域暴雪和大范围暴雪日数显著增加, 除伊犁河谷和塔城地区北部外, 阿勒泰地区、 天山北坡中段的暴雪日数增加显著, 乌鲁木齐成为天山北坡新的暴雪中心。新疆北部冬季暴雪的环流形势可分为3类6型, 其中锋区波动类最多, 低槽类次之, 低涡类最少。20世纪90年代前, 锋区波动类最多; 进入21世纪后, 低槽类明显增多。     

Some Key Problems on the Petrogenesis of Seafloor Basalts,Abyssal Peridotites and Geodynamics—A Non-traditional Isotope Approach

This paper discusses some major research to be carried out in the next five years in the newly established Laboratory of Ocean Lithosphere and Mantle Geodynamics. By using our existing sample collections of global mid-ocean ridge basalts, gabbros and abyssal peridotites from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, the research includes: ①Using Ti-Zr-Hf stable isotope methods to test the hypothesis that the observed huge Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf fractionations result from mass-dependent fractionation under mantle magmatic conditions; ②Using a MORB sample suite of uniform ratios of incompatible elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes with large major element compositional variation to test the common hypothesis of iron isotope fractionation, i.e, the affinity of heavy Fe with ferric Fe (Fe³⁺), and both heavy Fe and ferric Fe (Fe³⁺) being more incompatible than light Fe and ferrous Fe (Fe²⁺) during magma evolution; while using an incompatible trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope highly variable MORB suite to test the same hypothesis during low-degree mantle melting (i.e, the effect of mantle metasomatism); ③Proposing and testing the hypothesis that the high oxygen fugacity of the Earth’s mantle is a consequence of plate tectonics by subducting partially serpentinized oceanic mantle lithosphere with abundant ferric Fe (e.g. Fe³⁺/SFe>2); ④The recent work by Andersen et al. (Nature, 2015) is a milestone contribution by using U isotope variation in oceanic basalts to hypothesize that the O₂-rich atmosphere since the late Archean (abont 2.4 Ga) mobilized the water soluble U (6+ vs. 4+) from continents, transported to the ocean and subducted with sediments to the upper mantle, which explains the low Th/U in MORB (<2.5) and the high Th/U (>3.5) ocean island basalts (OIB) do not see such U addition effect probably because OIB source materials are all ancient (> abont 2.4 Ga) if there were subducted component. The Cenozoic alkali basalts from eastern China are ideal materials for evaluating the significance of the subducted seafloor materials for the petrogenesis of OIB and enriched MORB by using the U isotope approach, which is expected to revise and improve the Andersen et al hypothesis.     

海洋测量的进展及发展趋势

对海洋测绘的现状及最新进展进行了分析,并就其发展趋势给予了探讨。     

Role of Suspended Particulate Matter in Regulating the Behavior of Dissolved Uranium in the Yellow River Estuary

In order to examine the mixing behavior of dissolved uranium (U) in estuaries under different suspended particulate matter (SPM) regimes, three laboratory-based experiments were conducted by mixing seawater with river water containing different concentrations of SPM. Comparing this study with other field and laboratory-based experiments, dissolved U behaved differently depending upon the concentration of SPM. When SPM concentrations are >?0.8 g/L in the Yellow River, desorption/dissolution of U from SPM becomes predominant and dissolved U is enriched relative to the theoretical mixing line. However, when SPM concentrations are <?0.8 g/L, dissolved U behaves conservatively with some extent of removal during estuarine mixing. ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios were somewhat constant showing no measurable isotopic fractionation during physical mixing and U sorption/desorption to/from particles. Addition of dissolved ²³⁸U desorbed/dissolved from SPM during the annual Yellow River water-sediment regulation scheme (Jun 30th–Jul 14th, 2014) was estimated at 6.4?×?10¹¹ dpm, about 9% of the total riverine flux of dissolved ²³⁸U during that same period. This study represents a contribution to studies of dissolved U in muddy rivers and estuaries throughout the world. Results reported here provide not only a perspective to better estimate U flux from rivers to the ocean but also new insights into better understanding its estuarine mixing behavior and controlling factors.     

利用omap自动计算GPS三参数在土地质量地球化学调查中的应用

土地质量地球化学调查评价的调查精度较高,GPS主要应用于地球化学测网布设、土壤采样点的定位及其他生态地球化学样品的采集定位。野外工作前必须通过大地测量三角点实测数据进行GPS手持机三参数校正,在GPS中置数,校正参数满足精度要求之后方可进入野外采样阶段,因此,正确的参数设置是使用GPS的关键。利用omap结合1∶5万地形图实现了室内快速自动化校正三参数,精度高,误差小于3 m。