Analysis Method for Predicting Strain in Interior Beds and Sub-Resolution Faults from Area Balance Theory in Extensional Basins

Extensional basins include mainly grabens and half grabens displaced along a lower detachment. Based on area balance theory, there is a linear relationship between a height of regional and the lower detachment h on the outside of the basin and “lost area S“ from the regional in the basin. The pre-growth beds above lower detachment are of the same extensional displacement so that an “S-h diagram“ can be used to determine the depth to lower detachment and to calculate the total extensional displacement of the beds above the lower detachment. The extensional displacement is dominated by the heave of various scale normal faults. The displacement of obvious faults can be immediately figured out from the measured bed-length. The requisite extension calculated by area balance is the layer-parallel strain, which could be accommodated by displacement on sub-resolution faults. Accordingly, the layer-parallel strain can help us predict the magnitude and distribution of sub-resolution faults on the basis of analysis of the structural style and rheological behavior.     

北京高空温度的统计特征

对１９６１～１９９４年自地面至高空２０ｈＰａ的温度资料进行了统计分析,以了解北京高空气温的季节变化、垂直分布和长期变化趋势。研究发现：以１５０ｈＰａ层为界,其上部和下部的温度变化有着不同的气候特征,如在该层以下各层上的温度年较差为正值,而其上则为负值;近３０余年来,对流层下层温度显著增加,对流层上层和平流层的温度在降低,对流层温度直减率加大     

Wavelet-Aggregated Signal in Earthquake Prediction

The concept of aggregated signal is introduced. Quantitatively, an aggregated signal can be defined as the scalar signal: it accumulates in its own variations only those spectral components that are presented simultaneously in each scalar time series of the multidimensional signal to be analyzed. Moreover, an algorithm of aggregation is proposed to suppress the spectral components that are present in any of the scalar components but absent in others (these components can be called local disturbance signals, for instance of technogenic nature). The main purpose of constructing the aggregated signal is to make clearer the common tendency of low-frequency data-flow in geophysical networks, which indicates an increase in collective behavior.It is known that almost all models of the process of earthquake preparation have pointed out an increase in collective behavior of components of geophysical fields in the region of preparation when the coming geocatastrophe has entered its long- and mid-term stages. Long     

发挥地勘行业技术优势为河南大农业发展战略服务

河南是农业和矿业大省,农业地质可以为我省农业发展做出新贡献,且已取得了明显实效,如钾镁肥开发等。发挥地勘行业的技术优势,可以开展以下四个方面的工作。１开展农业地质生态环境遥感综合调查评 农业生产布局服务２开展农用矿物肥料开发研究,致力于提高农产品的品质;３加大天然矿物饲料开发度,提高畜产品的品质;４开展缺水地区地下水资源调查。在我省农业地质刚起的现阶段,应重点培育该并提倡多科联合攻关,营建适应科技     

基于InVEST模型的宁夏盐池县禁牧草地生态补偿标准空间识别

以农牧交错带宁夏盐池县草地为研究对象,综合集成草地植被与土壤调查、草地信息提取、遥感反演、空间分析等技术方法,基于本地化的InVEST模型,选取碳储存、土壤保持和水源涵养3项关键生态系统服务类型,对禁牧前后（2000年,2015年）草地生态系统服务物质量进行精准评估,在此基础上,采用市场价值法对其价值化,测算禁牧前后草地生态系统服务价值变化量,以此确定生态补偿标准,并借助冷热点、三维趋势分析对生态补偿标准进行不同尺度的空间识别。结果显示：① 禁牧以来,盐池县草地生态系统服务显著增强,其中碳储量增加45.66×10⁴ t、强度增加0.42 t/hm²,水源涵养量增加9 351×10⁴ t、强度增加211.14 t/hm²,土壤保持量增加2 091×10⁴ t,强度增加44.93 t/hm²;② 草地生态补偿标准县域为309.21元/hm²、乡镇尺度介于7.25~1 146.36元/hm²、村级介于3.04~2 074.56元/hm²,村级尺度更能体现草地的生态贡献;③ 补偿标准的三维趋势呈现由西向东提高、南北向呈“U”型分异的特征,补偿热点区集中于盐池县东南部和东北部。     

THE GATE SQUALL LINE OF 9－10 AUGUST 1974

A tropical squall line that passed over the ship array of the Global Atmospheric Research Programme’s Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) on 9－10 August 1974 is analyzed. This squall line was similar to squall systems that passed over the GATE ship array on four other days. It began as a purely convective cloud line, then developed an associated stratiform cloud and precipitation area. The stratiform rain built up to a maxi-mum amount over a period of 8 h, then gradually diminished over a 6 h period. This stratiform rain is esti-mated to have accounted for 32% of the squall system’s total precipitation. As in other GATE squall lines, the upper-level cloud shield from which the stratiform rain fell, was advected slowly forward of the line during the system’s lifetime, the leading line of corrective clouds consisted of transient smaller-scale convective elements, which lent the line an irregular shape and pulsatory movement, and the stratiform portion of the system was characterized by the development of a mid-level mesoscale vortex similar to that seen in other GATE eases.     

Timing of the Acadian Orogeny in Northern New Hampshire

New U-Pb geochronology constrains the timing of the Acadian orogeny in the Central Maine Terrane of northern New Hampshire. Sixteen fractions of one to six grains each of zircon or monazite have been analyzed from six samples: (1) an early syntectonic diorite that records the onset of the Acadian; (2) a schist, a migmatite, and two granites that together record the peak of the Acadian; and (3) a postkinematic pluton that records the end of the Acadian. Zircon from the syntectonic Wamsutta Diorite gives a 207Pb/206Pb age of circa 408 Ma, the time at which the boundary between the deforming orogenic wedge and the foreland basin was in the vicinity of the Presidential Range. This age agrees well with the Emsian position of the northwest migrating Acadian orogenic front and records the beginning of the Acadian in this part of the Central Maine Terrane. We propose a possible Acadian tectonic model that incorporates the geochronologic, structural, and stratigraphic data. Monazite from the schist, migmatite, Bigelow Lawn Granite, and Slide Peak Granite gives 207Pb/206U ages, suggesting the peak of Acadian metamorphism and intrusion of two-mica granites occurred at circa 402-405 Ma, the main pulse of Acadian orogenesis. Previously reported monazite ages from schists that likely record the peak metamorphism in the Central Maine Terrane of New Hampshire and western Maine range from circa 406-384 Ma, with younger ages in southeastern New Hampshire and progressively older ages to the west, north, and northeast. Acadian orogenesis in the Presidential Range had ended by circa 355 Ma, the 207Pb/235U age of monazite from the Peabody River Granite. From 408 to perhaps at least 394 Ma, Acadian orogenesis in the Presidential Range was typical of the tectonic style, dominated by synkinematic metamorphism, seen in central and southern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. From no earlier than 394 Ma to as late as 355 Ma, the orogenesis was typical of the style in parts of Maine dominated by postkinematic metamorphism.     

青藏高原南羌塘荣玛晚侏罗世闪长岩:班公湖——怒江特提斯洋向北俯冲产物

班公湖—怒江特提斯洋的演化一直以来备受关注,对于其俯冲极性存在不同认识。报道在青藏高原南羌塘荣玛地区新发现的晚侏罗世闪长岩年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素特征。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,岩石形成于149.7±0.8Ma,时代为晚侏罗世。岩石呈富碱,低Mg O、TFe O、Ca O,富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Th、U、K等元素,亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素。锆石εHf(t)值为正值,并且具有较大的变化范围(+4.26~+9.29),指示岩浆来源于幔源和壳源岩浆的混合。结合区域地质背景认为,荣玛地区晚侏罗世闪长岩为班公湖—怒江特提斯洋向北俯冲所引起的幔源和壳源岩浆混合作用的产物。