全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3146篇 |
免费 | 144篇 |
国内免费 | 63篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 103篇 |
大气科学 | 247篇 |
地球物理 | 642篇 |
地质学 | 1149篇 |
海洋学 | 215篇 |
天文学 | 718篇 |
综合类 | 18篇 |
自然地理 | 261篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 61篇 |
2020年 | 61篇 |
2019年 | 62篇 |
2018年 | 99篇 |
2017年 | 99篇 |
2016年 | 94篇 |
2015年 | 87篇 |
2014年 | 97篇 |
2013年 | 164篇 |
2012年 | 108篇 |
2011年 | 144篇 |
2010年 | 154篇 |
2009年 | 191篇 |
2008年 | 154篇 |
2007年 | 165篇 |
2006年 | 149篇 |
2005年 | 98篇 |
2004年 | 132篇 |
2003年 | 95篇 |
2002年 | 114篇 |
2001年 | 77篇 |
2000年 | 75篇 |
1999年 | 57篇 |
1998年 | 64篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 38篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 33篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 32篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 19篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 20篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有3353条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
191.
192.
The evolving role of voluntarism in ageing rural communities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
193.
Abstract: So-called 'boy racers' form a subculture, which is subject to ongoing public scrutiny and media attention, usually negative. This study aimed to deconstruct the term 'boy racer' and to explore the subculture in detail, within the context of Christchurch, New Zealand, using a phenomenological ethnographic approach. This included conducting semistructured interviews and observing the activities of participants. Results show the subculture has a relatively diverse membership and a range of associated behaviours, activities and attitudes. Moreover, performances within the subculture are linked to place, and are seen by other members of the community as threats to normative boundaries. 相似文献
194.
The Palaeogene Faroe Islands Basalt Group (FIBG) comprises three eruptive sequences or formations, all emplaced into a subaerial environment during the development of the extensive continental flood basalt province that stretches from East Greenland through the Faroe Islands and into the Faroe-Shetland Basin. The Beinisvørð Formation, having a tabular-classic facies architecture, is composed of a sequence of simple flows each comprising a single sheet lobe. The Beinisvørð Formation is overlain by the distinctly contrasting Malinstindur Formation that has a compound-braided facies architecture. The Enni Formation occurs at the top of the sequence and consists of a mixture of simple and compound flows with tabular-classic and compound-braided facies architectures, respectively. Surface and internal characteristics of the sheet lobes of the Beinisvørð and Enni formations indicate emplacement through inflation, which is more obvious for the tube-fed compound flows of the Malinstindur and Enni formations. The difference between the simple and compound flow sequences of the FIBG is, most likely, linked to the manner in which the lava was supplied during the eruption and the eruptive style of the volcanic system. The sheet lobes were erupted over laterally extensive areas from fissure systems which had a continuous supply of lava, which contrasts with the tube-fed compound flows which were erupted in a gradual, piecemeal manner from point-sourced, low shield volcanoes with limited areal extents. 相似文献
195.
196.
Wind erosion of blanket peat during a short period of surface desiccation (North Pennines,Northern England) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Strong winds are a characteristic feature of UK upland areas. Despite this, understanding of aeolian processes in upland environments of the UK is limited. This paper presents direct measurements and observations of blanket peat erosion by wind action during a two week period of desiccation in the North Pennines, Northern England. A circular configuration of mass flux sediment samplers was used to collect peat eroded by wind action from 16 cardinal compass directions. Meteorological conditions (wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and temperature) were recorded by an automatic weather station set up adjacent to the site. Surface desiccation led to peat crust erosion and dust deflation. During short (≤1 hour) periods of precipitation, wind‐driven rainfall also caused erosion. Typically, dust flux rates were up to two orders of magnitude lower than recorded during periods of sustained wet weather. Measurements demonstrate the hitherto unreported rapid switch in process regime between wind‐driven rainfall and dry blow deflation in blanket peat environments. Dry blow processes of blanket peat erosion may become more important in UK upland areas if climate change promotes more frequent surface desiccation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
197.
The nonlinear adjustment of GPS observations of type pseudo-ranges is performed in two steps. In step one a combinatorial
minimal subset of observations is constructed which is rigorously converted into station coordinates by means of Groebner
basis algorithm or the multipolynomial resultant algorithm. The combinatorial solution points in a polyhedron are reduced
to their barycentric in step two by means of their weighted mean. Such a weighted mean of the polyhedron points in ℝ3 is generated via the Error Propagation law/variance-covariance propagation. The Fast Nonlinear Adjustment Algorithm (FNon
Ad Al) has been already proposed by Gauss whose work was published posthumously and Jacobi (1841). The algorithm, here referred
to as the Gauss-Jacobi Combinatorial algorithm, solves the over-determined GPS pseudo-ranging problem without reverting to
iterative or linearization procedure except for the second moment (Variance-Covariance propagation). The results compared
well with the solutions obtained using the linearized least squares approach giving legitimacy to the Gauss-Jacobi combinatorial
procedure. ? 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
198.
Road Reduction Filtering for GPS-GIS Navigation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
George Taylor Geoffrey Blewitt Doerte Steup Simon Corbett & Adrijana Car 《Transactions in GIS》2001,5(3):193-207
A novel method of map matching using the Global Positioning System (GPS) has been developed for civilian use, which uses digital mapping data to infer the systematic position errors of less than 100m which result largely from 'selective availability' (S/A) imposed by the US military. Selective availability was switched off on the 2nd of May 2000, and is to be replaced with 'regional denial capabilities in lieu of global degradation'. The system tracks a vehicle on all possible roads (road centre-lines) in a computed error region, then uses a method of rapidly detecting inappropriate road centre-lines from the set of all those possible. This is called the Road Reduction Filter (RRF) algorithm. Point positioning is computed using C/A code pseudorange measurements direct from a GPS receiver. The least squares estimation is performed in the software developed for the experiment described in this paper. Virtual differential GPS (VDGPS) corrections are computed and used from a vehicle's previous positions, thus providing an autonomous alternative to DGPS for in-car navigation and fleet management. Height aiding is used to augment the solution and reduce the number of satellites required for a position solution. Ordnance Survey (OS) digital map data was used for the experiment, i.e. OSCAR 1 m resolution road centre-line geometry and Land Form PANORAMA 1:50,000, 50 m-grid digital terrain model (DTM). Testing of the algorithm is reported and results are analysed. Vehicle positions provided by RRF are compared with the 'true' position determined using high precision (cm) GPS carrier phase techniques. It is shown that height aiding using a DTM and the RRF significantly improve the accuracy of position provided by inexpensive single frequency GPS receivers. 相似文献
199.
Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS to Detect Pockets of Urban Poverty: The Case of Rosario, Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The advent of high spatial resolution, multispectral satellite imagery has allowed analysis of remotely sensed images of urban land cover to become more useful to urban planning and decision making than in the past. The addition of radar imagery at relatively high spatial resolution (6 metres at best), with the advantages that it is not affected by cloud and diurnal light conditions and that it is sensitive to the target's geometric shape, surface roughness and moisture content offers additional capability in this regard. This paper incorporates analysis of Canadian RADARSAT-1 and American Landsat TM satellite imagery and ground-based GIS data to identify known pockets of urban poverty. Poverty is defined, based on a limited number of census variables related to dwelling construction materials and per household overcrowding. The objective is to provide a proof of concept that remote sensing data, especially from synthetic aperture radar, and ground-based GIS data can be successfully integrated for urban planning purposes. The results suggest that the approach used is reasonable and that, with future refinement, it offers planners and decision makers a timely and cost effective means to locate and monitor poverty pockets in urban areas. This is especially important in large, rapidly urbanising areas in the developing world. 相似文献
200.
Results of laboratory and numerical experiments on both homogeneous and density-stratified flow over single, bluff obstacles of various shapes are presented. The obstacle height is in most cases of the same order as the base diameter and the major controlling (flow) parameter is the Froude number, defined here as Fh=U/Nh, where U is the (uniform) upstream velocity, h the obstacle height and N is the buoyancy frequency. Attention is concentrated, firstly, on the case of homogeneous flows over rather weakly tapered obstacles and, secondly, for bodies whose height is similar to their base width, on the case Fh=0.1, representing stratification sufficiently strong that lee-wave motions do not play a significant role in the flow dynamics. For right-circular cones it is shown that the sectional contributions to the total fluctuating side force (lift) show significant phase variations up the height of the obstacle, which are not always reflected in the developed vortex street further downstream. For some obstacle shapes, the vortex lines linking the von Karman eddies at different heights can be significantly tilted, particularly in the upper part of the wake. Vortex convection speeds do not appear generally to vary greatly with height and, as found in previous work, the shedding frequency remains constant with height, despite the strong variation of cross-stream obstacle width. By comparison with the homogeneous results, it is suggested that the stratification enhances the shedding instability, which would otherwise be very weak for squat obstacles, but does not annihilate the ability of the flow at one level to influence that at another. 相似文献