全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8186篇 |
免费 | 337篇 |
国内免费 | 95篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 199篇 |
大气科学 | 566篇 |
地球物理 | 1921篇 |
地质学 | 2968篇 |
海洋学 | 748篇 |
天文学 | 1209篇 |
综合类 | 19篇 |
自然地理 | 988篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 88篇 |
2020年 | 112篇 |
2019年 | 114篇 |
2018年 | 166篇 |
2017年 | 162篇 |
2016年 | 226篇 |
2015年 | 194篇 |
2014年 | 196篇 |
2013年 | 469篇 |
2012年 | 248篇 |
2011年 | 307篇 |
2010年 | 281篇 |
2009年 | 338篇 |
2008年 | 319篇 |
2007年 | 279篇 |
2006年 | 314篇 |
2005年 | 237篇 |
2004年 | 291篇 |
2003年 | 262篇 |
2002年 | 264篇 |
2001年 | 173篇 |
2000年 | 170篇 |
1999年 | 141篇 |
1998年 | 141篇 |
1997年 | 103篇 |
1996年 | 114篇 |
1995年 | 114篇 |
1994年 | 128篇 |
1993年 | 112篇 |
1992年 | 111篇 |
1991年 | 109篇 |
1990年 | 101篇 |
1989年 | 85篇 |
1988年 | 87篇 |
1987年 | 122篇 |
1986年 | 100篇 |
1985年 | 163篇 |
1984年 | 186篇 |
1983年 | 144篇 |
1982年 | 126篇 |
1981年 | 131篇 |
1980年 | 108篇 |
1979年 | 124篇 |
1978年 | 118篇 |
1977年 | 103篇 |
1976年 | 96篇 |
1975年 | 91篇 |
1974年 | 67篇 |
1973年 | 83篇 |
1972年 | 49篇 |
排序方式: 共有8618条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
931.
John F. Hoffecker Vance T. Holliday Vadim N. Stepanchuk Alexis Brugre Steven L. Forman Paul Goldberg Oleg Tubolzev Igor Pisarev 《Geoarchaeology》2014,29(1):61-77
New geoarchaeological and bioarcheological research was undertaken at the open‐air site of Mira, which is buried in deposits of the Second Terrace of the Dnepr River, roughly 15 km downstream from the city of Zaporozhye in Ukraine. Previous excavation of the site revealed two occupation layers dating to ∼32,000 cal BP. The lower layer (II/2) yielded bladelets similar to those of the early Gravettian, while the upper layer (I) contained traces of an artificial shelter and hundreds of bones and teeth of horse (Equus latipes). Mira represents the only firmly dated early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) site in the Dnepr Basin, and occupies a unique topographic setting for the EUP near the center of the broad floodplain of the Dnepr River. The site was visited during a period of floodplain stability, characterized by overbank deposition and weak soil formation under cool climate conditions. Mira was used as a long‐term camp, but also was the locus of large‐mammal carcass processing associated with a nearby kill of a group of horses (Layer I). 相似文献
932.
John F. Pernet-Fisher Geoffrey H. Howarth Yang Liu Peter H. Barry Laura Carmody John W. Valley Robert J. Bodnar Zdislav V. Spetsius Lawrence A. Taylor 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,167(3):1-17
The Komsomolskaya kimberlite is one of numerous (>1,000) kimberlite pipes that host eclogite xenoliths on the Siberian craton. Eclogite xenoliths from the adjacent Udachnaya kimberlite pipe have previously been geochemically well characterized; however, data from surrounding diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes from the center of the craton are relatively sparse. Here, we report major- and trace-element data, as well as oxygen isotope systematics, for mineral separates of diamondiferous eclogite xenoliths from the Komsomolskaya kimberlite, suggesting two distinct subgroups of a metamorphosed, subducted oceanic crustal protolith. Using almandine contents, this suite can be divided into two subgroups: group B1, with a high almandine component (>20 mol%) and group B2, with a low almandine component (<20 mol%). Reconstructed REE profiles for B1 eclogites overlap with typical oceanic basalts and lack distinct Eu anomalies. In addition, elevated oxygen isotope values, which are interpreted to reflect isotopic exchange with seawater at low temperatures (<350 °C), are consistent with an upper-oceanic crustal protolith. Reconstructed REE profiles for B2 eclogites are consistent with oceanic gabbros and display distinct Eu anomalies, suggesting a plagioclase-rich cumulate protolith. In contrast to B1, B2 eclogites do not display elevated oxygen isotope values, suggesting an origin deep within the crustal pile, where little-to-no interaction with hydrothermal fluids has occurred. Major-element systematics were reconstructed based on mineral modes; group B1 eclogites have higher MgO wt% and lower SiO2 wt%, with respect to typical oceanic basalts, reflecting a partial melting event during slab subduction. Calculated residues from batch partial melt modeling of a range of Precambrian basalts overlap with group B1 trace-element chemistry. When taken together with the respective partial melt trajectories, these melting events are clearly linked to the formation of Tonalite–Trondhjemite–Granodiorite (TTG) complexes. As a result, we propose that many, if not all, diamondiferous eclogite xenoliths from Komsomolskaya represent mantle ‘restites’ that preserve chemical signatures of Precambrian oceanic crust. 相似文献
933.
934.
Raymond F. Smith K. Thomas Lorenz Darwin Ho Bruce A. Remington Alex Hamza John Rogers Stephen Pollaine Seokwoo Jeon Yun-Suk Nam J. Kilkenny 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,307(1-3):269-272
In recently developed laser-driven shockless compression experiments an ablatively driven shock in a primary target is transformed
into a ramp compression wave in a secondary target via unloading followed by stagnation across an intermediate vacuum gap.
Current limitations on the achievable peak longitudinal stresses are limited by the ability of shaping the temporal profile
of the ramp compression pulse. We report on new techniques using graded density reservoirs for shaping the loading profile
and extending these techniques to high peak pressures. 相似文献
935.
Henning Haack John Schutt Anders Meibom Ralph Harvey 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(10):1727-1733
Abstract— Following discoveries of blue ice areas in Greenland resembling meteorite‐bearing blue ice fields in Antarctica, a surface search of several of the most promising sites was carried out in August 2003. The ice fields are located in Kong Christian X Land, in northeastern Greenland around 74°N at elevations between 2100 and 2400 m. No meteorites were found in any of the localities that were searched. Evidence of occasional significant melting (filled crevasses and melt sheets) suggest that summer temperatures are sometimes high enough that dark rocks, like meteorites, can melt through the upper layers of ice. Small terrestrial rocks and cryogenite were found down to 50 cm below the ice surface. Meter‐sized terrestrial rocks were found on top of the ice downstream from nunataks. These rocks shade the ice below, and since they were apparently too massive to warm up during warm days, they remained at the surface as the surrounding ice ablated away. Our findings strongly suggest that Greenland is currently unlikely to harbor significant meteorite concentrations on blue ice fields. 相似文献
936.
Manuela Magliocchetti Steve J. Maddox Ed Hawkins John A. Peacock Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto de Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Carole A. Jackson Bryn Jones Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Peder Norberg Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,350(4):1485-1494
937.
Edward J. OLSEN Robert N. CLAYTON Toshiko K. MAYEDA Andrew M. DAVIS Roy S. CLARKE John T. WASSON 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1996,31(5):633-639
Abstract— The Mbosi iron meteorite contains millimeter size silicate inclusions. Mbosi is an ungrouped iron meteorite with a Ge/Ga ratio >10, which is an anomalous property shared with the five-member IIF iron group, the Eagle Station pallasites and four other ungrouped irons. Neither the IIF group nor the four other ungrouped irons are known to have silicate inclusions. Chips from three Mbosi inclusions were studied, but most of the work concentrated on a whole 3.1 mm circular inclusion. This inclusion consists of a mantle and a central core of different mineralogies. The mantle is partially devitrified quartz-normative glass, consisting of microscopic crystallites of two pyroxenes and plagioclase, which are crystalline enough to give an x-ray powder diffraction pattern but not coarse enough to permit analyses of individual minerals. The core consists of silica. The bulk composition does not match any known meteorite type, although there is a similarity in mode of occurrence to quartz-normative silicate inclusions in some HE irons. Mbosi silicate appears to be unique. The bulk rare earth element (REE) pattern of the mantle is flat at ? 7×C1; the core is depleted in REE but shows a small positive Eu anomaly. The O-isotope composition of bulk silicate lies on a unit slope mixing line (parallel and close to the C3 mixing line) that includes the Eagle Station pallasites and the iron Bocaiuva (related to the IIF irons); all of these share the property of having Ge/Ga ratios >10. It is concluded that Mbosi silicate represents a silica-bearing source rock that was melted and injected into metal. Melting occurred early in the history of the parent body because the metal now shows a normal Widmanstätten structure with only minor distortion that was caused when the parent body broke up and released meteorites into interplanetary space. The cause of Ge/Ga ratios being >10 in these irons is unknown. The fact that silicates in Mbosi, Bocaiuva (related to IIF irons) and the Eagle Station trio of pallasites, all characterized by a Ge/Ga ratio >10, lie on a unit slope mixing line in the O-isotope diagram suggests that their origins are closely related. The C3 chondrites appear to be likely precursors for silicates in Mbosi, Bocaiuva and the Eagle Station pallasites. 相似文献
938.
Mathieu Duval Christophe Falguères Jean‐Jacques Bahain Rainer Grün Qingfeng Shao Maxime Aubert John Hellstrom Jean‐Michel Dolo Jordi Agusti Bienvenido Martínez‐Navarro Paul Palmqvist Isidro Toro‐Moyano 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(6):603-615
The palaeontological site of Venta Micena (Orce, Andalusia, Spain) lies in the eastern sector of the Guadix–Baza basin, one of the best documented areas in Europe for Plio‐Pleistocene biostratigraphy. The combination of biochronological and palaeomagnetic results, combined with the radiometric data obtained for Atapuerca Sima del Elefante, indicated that the Venta Micena stratum was formed between the Jaramillo and Olduvai palaeomagnetic events, most likely between 1.22 and 1.77 Ma. Five fossil teeth from two outcrops (sites A and B) were selected to assess the potential of combined uranium series–electron spin resonance (US‐ESR) dating of Early Pleistocene sites. Although the US‐ESR results of the first outcrop showed a large scatter between the three teeth, the mean age of 1.37 ± 0.24 Ma can be considered a reasonable age estimate for Venta Micena. The mean ESR age of 0.62 ± 0.03 Ma obtained for site B seems to be a severe underestimation when compared with the independent age control. This underestimation is attributed to a relative recent U‐mobilization event that led to some U‐leaching. The results show that any ESR age calculations of old samples are extremely sensitive to variations in the measured 230Th/234U ratios in dental tissues. Although the results demonstrate that ESR can in principle be applied to Early Pleistocene sites, they also reveal the complexity of dating such old teeth. It is necessary to continue research in several directions, such as study of the behaviour of ESR signals in old teeth and understanding recent U‐mobilization processes, to improve the reliability of the combined US‐ESR dating method applied to Early Pleistocene times, a period for which the number of available numerical dating techniques is very limited. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
939.
Abstract Radiance criteria for distinguishing low, middle, and high clouds in the 9.5–11.5 μm band of the infrared are developed and used to produce local cloud maps. The performance of this radiance contrast method for mapping clouds from the earth's surface is evaluated with a view to using the technique for objective observation of cloud amount and distribution in the sky hemisphere. Discrimination radiance formulas are developed using a multilayer, wavenumber‐specific infrared radiative transfer model including cloud parameters measured by other workers and atmospheric conditions measured by radiosonde. The clear sky radiance (N0) is the dominant independent variable in the discrimination formulas. The variation of N0 with time (primarily due to changes in atmospheric water vapour content) and zenith angle are found to be important in distinguishing cirriform clouds from clear sky and other clouds. The local cloud maps are produced by applying the discrimination radiances (in voltage form) to the output from a narrow‐view infrared radiometer pointed at a sky‐scanning mirror. It is necessary to assume that the radiance from a cloud observed at the surface decreases unambiguously with an increase in cloud base height. Cloud maps for five days in July 1978 indicate the mapping technique shows promise under a wide range of sky conditions. Cloud motions rapidly degrade the maps’ quality over time‐scales that are much less than the current manual cloud sampling period of 1 h. 相似文献
940.