全文获取类型
收费全文 | 376篇 |
免费 | 21篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 12篇 |
大气科学 | 35篇 |
地球物理 | 85篇 |
地质学 | 145篇 |
海洋学 | 57篇 |
天文学 | 31篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 32篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 21篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有398条查询结果,搜索用时 359 毫秒
61.
Peter J. Smith Mike Page Sean J. Handley S. Margaret McVeagh Merrick Ekins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):347-355
A colonial ascidian was first reported by marine farmers in Houhora Harbour, Northland, New Zealand in early 2005 and subsequently found on oyster racks in Parengarenga Harbour and the Bay of Islands. The Northland ascidian was identified with a combination of morphological characters and DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequence data, as Eudistoma elongatum, a species native to Australia, where it is found from northern New South Wales to Northern Queensland, and distinguished from Eudistoma circumvallatum, the only reported species in this genus from New Zealand. Ascidian larvae are weak dispersers and long distance dispersal of E. elongatum is likely to be enhanced by vectors such as oyster barges and/or movement of cultured oysters. In its native range, E. elongatum is restricted to areas with a minimum winter sea temperature of 16°C. Assuming similar biological limitations apply in New Zealand, the spread of E. elongatum might be restricted to northern New Zealand (north of latitude 37°S). 相似文献
62.
Gas production from unconventional reservoirs has led to widespread environmental concerns. Despite several excellent reviews of various potential impacts to water resources from unconventional gas production, no study has systematically and quantitatively assessed the potential for these impacts to occur. We use empirical evidence and numerical and analytical models to quantify the likelihood of surface water and groundwater contamination, and shallow aquifer depletion from unconventional gas developments. These likelihoods are not intended to be exact. They provide a starting point for comparing the probabilities of adverse impacts between types of water resources and pathways. This analysis provides much needed insight into what are “probable” rather than simply “possible” impacts. The results suggest that the most likely water resource impacts are surface water and groundwater contamination from spills at the well pad, which can be as high as 1 in 10 and 1 in 100 for each gas well, respectively. For wells that are hydraulically fractured, the likelihood of contamination due to inter-aquifer leakage is 1 in 106 or lower (dependent on the separation distance between the production formation and the aquifer). For gas-bearing formations that were initially over-pressurized, the potential for contamination from inter-aquifer leakage after production ceases could be as high as 1 in 400 where the separation between gas formation and shallow aquifer is 500 m, but will be much lower for greater separation distances (more characteristic of shale gas). 相似文献
63.
64.
Katherine C. Filippino Todd A. Egerton William S. Hunley Margaret R. Mulholland 《Estuaries and Coasts》2017,40(1):80-94
Due to the unpredictable nature of intense storms and logistical constraints of sampling during storms, little is known about their immediate and long-term impacts on water quality in adjacent aquatic ecosystems. By combining targeted experiments with routine monitoring, we evaluated immediate impacts of two successive storm events on water quality and phytoplankton community response in the tidal James River and compared these findings to a non-storm year. The James River is a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay and sampling was conducted before, during, and after Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm (TS) Lee in 2011 and during the same time period (late summer/early fall) in 2012 when there were no storms. We collected and compiled data on nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations, phytoplankton abundance, nitrogen uptake, primary productivity rates, and surface salinity, temperature, and turbidity in the meso- and polyhaline segments of the James River. Hurricane Irene introduced significant amounts of freshwater over the entire James River and Chesapeake Bay watersheds, while rainfall from TS Lee fell primarily on the tidal fresh region of the James River and headwaters of the Chesapeake Bay. Dinoflagellates dominated the algal community in the meso- and polyhaline segments prior to the storms in 2011, and a mixed diatom community emerged after the storms. In the mesohaline river segment, cyanobacteria abundance increased after TS Lee when salinities were depressed, likely due to washout from the oligohaline and tidal fresh regions of the river. In 2012, dinoflagellates dominated the community in both segments of the river during late summer but diatoms were also abundant and their biomass fluctuated throughout the summer and fall. Cyanobacteria were not present in either segment. Overall, we observed that the high-intensity rainfall from Hurricane Irene combined with high flushing in the headwaters as a result of TS Lee likely reduced primary productivity and altered community composition in the mesohaline segment but not the more estuarine-influenced polyhaline segment. Understanding the influence of high freshwater flow with a short residence time associated with storms is key to the planning and management of estuarine restoration as such disturbances are projected to increase as a result of climate change. 相似文献
65.
Determining groundwater ages from environmental tracer concentrations measured on samples obtained from open bores or long-screened intervals is fraught with difficulty because the sampled water represents a variety of ages. A multi-tracer technique (Cl, 14C, 3H, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and SF6) was used to decipher the groundwater ages sampled from long-screened production bores in a regional aquifer around an open pit mine in the Pilbara region of northwest Australia. The changes in tracer concentrations due to continuous dewatering over 7 years (2008–2014) were examined, and the tracer methods were compared. Tracer concentrations suggest that groundwater samples are a mixture of young and old water; the former is inferred to represent localised recharge from an adjacent creek, and the latter to be diffuse recharge. An increase in 14C activity with time in wells closest to the creek suggests that dewatering of the open pit to achieve dry mining conditions has resulted in change in flow direction, so that localised recharge from the creek now forms a larger proportion of the pumped groundwater. The recharge rate prior to development, calculated from a steady-state Cl mass balance, is 6 mm/y, and is consistent with calculations based on the 14C activity. Changes in CFC-12 concentrations with time may be related to the change in water-table position relative to the depth of the well screen. 相似文献
66.
67.
Techniques for characterizing the hydraulic properties and groundwater flow processes of aquifers are essential to design hydrogeologic conceptual models. In this study, rapid time series temperature profiles within open‐groundwater wells in fractured rock were measured using fiber optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS). To identify zones of active groundwater flow, two continuous electrical heating cables were installed alongside a FO‐DTS cable to heat the column of water within the well and to create a temperature difference between the ambient temperature of the groundwater in the aquifer and that within the well. Additional tests were performed to examine the effects of pumping on hydraulic fracture interconnectivity around the well and to identify zones of increased groundwater flow. High‐ and low‐resolution FO‐DTS cable configurations were examined to test the sensitivities of the technique and compared with downhole video footage and geophysical logging to confirm the zones of active groundwater flow. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technique for rapid characterization of fracture zones in open boreholes. The combination of the FO‐DTS and heating cable has excellent scope as a rapid appraisal tool for borehole construction design and improving hydrogeologic conceptual models. 相似文献
68.
Elizabeth A. McHuron James T. Harvey J. Margaret Castellini Craig A. Stricker Todd M. O’Hara 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair (n = 138) and blood (n = 73) of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from California to assess variation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted. 相似文献
69.
This paper describes the in situ response of groundwater biofilms in an alluvial gravel aquifer system on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand. Biofilms were developed on aquifer gravel, encased in fine mesh bags and suspended in protective columns in monitoring wells for at least 20 weeks. Four sites were selected in the same groundwater system where previous analyses indicated a gradient of increasing nitrate down the hydraulic gradient from Sites 1 to 4. Measurements during the current study classified the groundwater as oligotrophic. Biofilm responses to the nutrient gradients were assessed using bioassays, with biomass determined using protein and cellular and nucleic acid staining and biofilm activity using enzyme assays for lipid, carbohydrate, phosphate metabolism, and cell viability. In general, biofilm activity decreased as nitrate levels increased from Sites 1 to 4, with the opposite relationship for carbon and phosphorus concentrations. These results showed that the groundwater system supported biofilm growth and that the upper catchment supported efficient and productive biofilms (high ratio of activity per unit biomass). 相似文献
70.
Anouska Panton Claire Mahaffey Naomi Greenwood Joanne Hopkins David Montagnes Jonathan Sharples 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(2):295-306
Regions of freshwater influence (ROFIs) are dynamic areas within the coastal seas that experience cycles of stability driven
by density gradients and the spring-neap tidal cycle. As a result, pulses of biological production may occur on a more frequent
timescale than the classic seasonal cycle. Net community production (NCP) rates and chlorophyll a concentration are presented from a site within the ROFI of Liverpool Bay and compared to similar measurements made at a site
outside the ROFI during 2009. The influence of water column stability on biological production in the ROFI was also investigated
using high-frequency observations from a Cefas Smartbuoy. Both sites were autotrophic from spring to autumn before becoming
heterotrophic over winter. NCP at the inshore site was estimated to range from 30.8 to 50.4 gC m−2 year−1. A linear relationship detected between chlorophyll a and NCP from both sites was used to estimate metabolic balance over 1 year at the ROFI site using high-resolution chlorophyll
a concentrations from the Smartbuoy but was found to poorly replicate NCP rates compared to those derived from dissolved oxygen
fluxes. There was no clear biological response to periods of stratification within the ROFI, and it is proposed that changes
in light attenuation in the Liverpool Bay ROFI, driven not only by stratification but also by fluctuations in riverine sediment
load, most likely play an important role in controlling phytoplankton growth in this region. 相似文献