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91.
Thomas Wagner Martin Okrusch Stefan Weyer Joachim Lorenz Yann Lahaye Heiner Taubald Ralf T. Schmitt 《Mineralium Deposita》2010,45(3):217-239
The Spessart district (SW Germany), located at the southwestern margin of the Permian Kupferschiefer basin in Central Europe,
hosts abundant stratabound and structurally controlled base metal mineralization. The mineralization styles identified are
(1) stratabound Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) ores in Zechstein sedimentary rocks, (2) structurally controlled Cu-As-(Ag) ores in Zechstein
sedimentary rocks, (3) crosscutting Co-Ni-(Bi)-As and Cu-Fe-As veins, (4) stratabound metasomatic Fe-Mn carbonate ores in
Zechstein dolomite, (5) barren barite veins, and (6) Fe-Mn-As veins in Permian rhyolites. Building on previous work that involved
mineralogical, textural, and chemical characterization of the major mineralization types, we have performed a comprehensive
sulfur isotope study that applied both conventional and novel laser-ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry techniques. The δ34S values of sulfide minerals from the different ore types are consistently negative and highly variable, in the range between
−44.5‰ and −3.9‰, whereas the δ34S values of barite are all positive in the range between 4.7‰ and 18.9‰. Remarkably, stratabound and structurally controlled
mineralization in Zechstein sedimentary rocks has the least negative δ34S values, whereas vein-type deposits have consistently more negative δ34S values. The observed pattern of sulfide δ34S values can be best interpreted in terms of fluid mixing at the basement-cover interface. Hydrothermal fluids originating
from the crystalline basement migrated upward along subvertical fault zones and were periodically injected into groundwaters
that were flowing in the post-Variscan sedimentary cover. These groundwaters had interacted with the Zechstein sedimentary
rocks, resulting in fluids characterized by elevated concentrations of reduced sulfur (with negative δ34S values) and alkaline pH. Repeated mixing between both chemically contrasting fluids caused rapid and efficient precipitation
of sulfide ore minerals in hydrothermal veins with highly variable but distinctly negative δ34S values. 相似文献
92.
Judith Sausse Chrystel Dezayes Louis Dorbath Albert Genter Joachim Place 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(7-8):531-545
This study presents a new deterministic 3D model of the fracture zones observed in the granitic reservoir of the Soultz European geothermal project. The major fracture zones encountered around 6 wells (4550, EPS1, GPK1, GPK2, GPK3 and GPK4) consist in 53 main structures that are located and characterized in terms of size and orientation: 39 fracture zones, 8 microseismic structures and 6 structures derived from vertical seismic profiles are represented in the 3D model using Discrete Fracture Network tools of the gOcad modelling platform (Paradigm?, Earth Decision?). This work illustrates the complexity of 3D fracture zone correlation and interpretation in crystalline rock masses characterized at meter scale (borehole) and at the reservoir scale (kilometer) thanks to geophysical imaging techniques. 相似文献
93.
Yves Géraud Michel Rosener Fabrice Surma Joachim Place Édouard Le Garzic Marc Diraison 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(7-8):566-574
In EGS projects, fault zones are considered as the structures controlling deep flow at the reservoir scale. Using a large set of petrophysical properties (porosity, density, permeability, thermal conductivity [TC]) measured on cores collected along the EPS-1 borehole, a model of fault zone is proposed to describe them. A fault zone is a complex structure, showing different parts with different kinds of deformations and/or materials that could explain chemical and physical processes observed during fluid-rock interactions. The different parts composing the fault zone are: (1) the fault core or gauge zone; (2) the damage zone; (3) and the protolith. They are usually heterogeneous and show different physical properties. The damage zone is a potential high permeability channel and could become the main pathway for fluids if secondary minerals seal the fault core. Porosity is the lowest within the protolith, between 0.5 and 1%, but can go up to 15% in the fault zone. Permeability ranges from 10?20 m2 in the fresh granite to, at least, 10?15 m2 in the fault core, and TC ranges from 2.5 W K?1m?1 to 3.7 W K?1m?1. Finally, variations in specific surface are set over two orders of magnitude. If the lowest values usually characterize the fresh granite far from fault zones, physical properties could show variations spread over their whole respective ranges within these fault zones. 相似文献
94.
Frank Preusser Jürgen M. Reitner Christian Schlüchter 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2010,103(3):407-426
Overdeepened valleys and basins are commonly found below the present landscape surface in areas that were affected by Quaternary
glaciations. Overdeepened troughs and their sedimentary fillings are important in applied geology, for example, for geotechnics
of deep foundations and tunnelling, groundwater resource management, and radioactive waste disposal. This publication is an
overview of the areal distribution and the geometry of overdeepened troughs in the Alps and their foreland, and summarises
the present knowledge of the age and potential processes that may have caused deep erosion. It is shown that overdeepened
features within the Alps concur mainly with tectonic structures and/or weak lithologies as well as with Pleistocene ice confluence
and partly also diffluence situations. In the foreland, overdeepening is found as elongated buried valleys, mainly oriented
in the direction of former ice flow, and glacially scoured basins in the ablation area of glaciers. Some buried deeply incised
valleys were generated by fluvial down-cutting during the Messinian crisis but this mechanism of formation applies only for
the southern side of the Alps. Lithostratigraphic records and dating evidence reveal that overdeepened valleys were repeatedly
occupied and excavated by glaciers during past glaciations. However, the age of the original formation of (non-Messinian)
overdeepened structures remains unknown. The mechanisms causing overdeepening also remain unidentified and it can only be
speculated that pressurised meltwater played an important role in this context. 相似文献
95.
Ian D. Howarth Nolan R. Walborn Danny J. Lennon Joachim Puls Yaël Nazé K. Annuk I. Antokhin D. Bohlender H. Bond J.-F. Donati L. Georgiev D. Gies D. Harmer A. Herrero I. Kolka D. McDavid T. Morel I. Negueruela G. Rauw P. Reig 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(2):433-446
We present extensive optical spectroscopy of the early-type magnetic star HD 191612 (O6.5f?pe–O8fp). The Balmer and He i lines show strongly variable emission which is highly reproducible on a well-determined 538-d period. He ii absorptions and metal lines (including many selective emission lines but excluding He ii λ4686 Å emission) are essentially constant in line strength, but are variable in velocity, establishing a double-lined binary orbit with P orb = 1542 d, e = 0.45 . We conduct a model-atmosphere analysis of the spectrum, and find that the system is consistent with a ∼O8 giant with a ∼B1 main-sequence secondary. Since the periodic 538-d changes are unrelated to orbital motion, rotational modulation of a magnetically constrained plasma is strongly favoured as the most likely underlying 'clock'. An upper limit on the equatorial rotation is consistent with this hypothesis, but is too weak to provide a strong constraint. 相似文献
96.
97.
Agnes G. Pulvermüller Joachim Kleiner Wolfram Mauser 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1995,57(4):338-349
Calcite precipitation is a phenomenon occuring in most hardwater lakes world-wide. On May 5th, 1990, a whiting in Lake Constance was observed by LANDSAT for the first time. Physical, chemical and biological ground data sets prove that the observed structures are caused by calcite precipitation. This satellite observation provides information about the patchiness of calcite crystals suspended in the surface water of the lake western basin. 相似文献
98.
Joachim Birn 《Surveys in Geophysics》1995,16(3):299-330
The progress in investigations of magnetotail stability and dynamics is reviewed for the years 1991–1993. Major advances have been made in understanding magnetotail convection, near-tail properties relevant for substorm onset, the change of thermal plasma properties during substorms, and ion acceleration. Also, attempts have been made to integrate different aspects of substorms and different substorm models. Major outstanding problems concern the onset mechanism, electron energization, and substorm recovery. 相似文献
99.
Joachim Jarke 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1958,47(1):234-249
Zusammenfassung Der Begriff der Grenzschwellen ozeanischer Räume wird definiert und zunächst ihre Bedeutung für die Ausbildung der Beckenfazies dargelegt. Anschließend wird an Hand eines Schnittes über die Färöer-Island-Schwelle gezeigt, daß unter bestimmten hydrographischen Bedingungen auch die Faziesverhältnisse in Schwellenbereichen durch den durch die Dichteunterschiede bedingten Wasseraustausch zwischen zwei ozeanischen Räumen nachhaltig beeinflußt werden können. Es ergibt sich, daß sogar in Wassertiefen von 2000 m und mehr — lediglich als Folge von Überströmungsvorgängen — die Möglichkeit zur Bildung von sandigen Ablagerungen gegeben ist. Nicht jeder Sand des tiefen Wassers braucht demnach durch turbidity currents zu seinem Absatzort verfrachtet zu sein.Der mikrofaunistische Inhalt der Sedimente wird angegeben und in Verbindung mit den hydrographischen Verhältnissen — insbesondere den Temperatur-schwankungen im Grenzbereich zwischen dem kalten subarktischen und dem warmen nordatlantischen Wasser — betrachtet. 相似文献
100.
Hemipelagic Sediment Accumulation Rates in the South China Sea Related to Late Quaternary Sea-Level Changes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sediments of 13 piston cores from opposite continental slopes of the South China Sea, off southern China and Sabah (northern Borneo), were analyzed by sedimentological methods and dated by oxygen isotope stratigraphy. Sediments mostly consist of hemipelagic clay with 20% carbonate off Sabah and 40% off China. We calculated terrigenous and carbonate accumulation rates for up to 11 time-slices from the Holocene to oxygen-isotope stage 6. Terrigenous accumulation rates generally increase with water depth and reach a maximum at the middle slope off Sabah and at the lower continental slope off China. During glacial and interglacial times this distribution pattern did not markedly change, despite an increase of accumulation rates for glacial periods by a factor of 2 to 5 compared to interglacial periods. Rates are negatively correlated with positions of sea level, which controls the partition of fluviatile terrigenous material for deposition on shelf, slope, and abyssal plain. Carbonate accumulation rates are higher off China by a factor of 2 compared to Sabah, probably indicating higher calcareous plankton productivity. 相似文献