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141.
Yoana Del-Pilar-Ruso Jose Antonio de-la-Ossa-Carretero Francisca Giménez-Casalduero Jose Luis Sánchez-Lizaso 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(11):1930-1938
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) aim to improve water quality and reduce the environmental impact of wastewater, by requiring member states to introduce better treatment levels. This study was carried out in order to detect the most suitable treatment type or flow level for reducing benthic environmental impact. Therefore, soft-bottom polychaete assemblages affected by discharges of six treatment plants, with different treatment technologies and flow rates, were analysed over three consecutive years. Polychaete assemblages changed as a result of sewage discharge. These changes were related to treatment level and flow rates. Both disposal quality and quantity are important since changes in soft-bottom assemblages in stations affected by pre-treated sewage with medium and high flow rates are observed. However, the location with a low-flow pre-treated effluent has similar polychaete assemblages with regard to locations with biological treatment or controls. 相似文献
142.
Carlos Sainz Ismael Fuente Luis Quindós Jose Luis Gutierrez Jose Luis Arteche Luis Santiago Quindós 《Acta Geophysica》2010,58(5):957-962
People working with ionising radiation are receiving radiation coming from artificial and natural sources. In Spain, as in
many other countries, there is a serious control by the national authorities, Spanish Nuclear Safety Council, of the dose
the workers receive from artificial sources. However, until the publication of the European Basic Safety Standards Directive,
96/29/EURATOM, the old criteria referring to the “above natural background” were widely used. This directive was incorporated
to the Spanish legislation in July 2001 (BOE 178); in its Title VII it recommends to evaluate the dose coming from natural
sources and take it into account for establishing the safety criteria. It is noteworthy to assess the natural doses received
at homes and the dose received by workers of radioactive installations subject to regulations, and to compare the two results.
The social and economical implications of the results derived can be important in the practical application of the recommendations
included in the above-mentioned BOE 178 Directive. 相似文献
143.
The cartography of erosion risk is mainly based on the development of models, which evaluate in a qualitative and quantitative manner the physical reproduction of the erosion processes (CORINE, EHU, INRA). These models are mainly semi‐quantitative but can be physically based and spatially distributed (the Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment, PESERA). They are characterized by their simplicity and their applicability potential at large temporal and spatial scales. In developing our model SCALES (Spatialisation d'éChelle fine de l'ALéa Erosion des Sols/large‐scale assessment and mapping model of soil erosion hazard), we had in mind several objectives: (1) to map soil erosion at a regional scale with the guarantee of a large accuracy on the local level, (2) to envisage an applicability of the model in European oceanic areas, (3) to focus the erosion hazard estimation on the level of source areas (on‐site erosion), which are the agricultural parcels, (4) to take into account the weight of the temporality of agricultural practices (land‐use concept). Because of these objectives, the nature of variables, which characterize the erosion factors and because of its structure, SCALES differs from other models. Tested in Basse‐Normandie (Calvados 5500 km2) SCALES reveals a strong predisposition of the study area to the soil erosion which should require to be expressed in a wet year. Apart from an internal validation, we tried an intermediate one by comparing our results with those from INRA and PESERA. It appeared that these models under estimate medium erosion levels and differ in the spatial localization of areas with the highest erosion risks. SCALES underlines here the limitations in the use of pedo‐transfer functions and the interpolation of input data with a low resolution. One must not forget however that these models are mainly focused on an interregional comparative approach. Therefore the comparison of SCALES data with those of the INRA and PESERA models cannot result on a convincing validation of our model. For the moment the validation is based on the opinion of local experts, who agree with the qualitative indications delivered by our cartography. An external validation of SCALES is foreseen, which will be based on a thorough inventory of erosion signals in areas with different hazard levels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
144.
Philippe Vernant Abdelali Fadil Taoufik Mourabit Driss Ouazar Achraf Koulali Jose Martin Davila Jorge Garate Simon McClusky Robert Reilinger 《Journal of Geodynamics》2010,49(3-4):123-129
We present GPS observations in Morocco and adjacent areas of Spain from 15 continuous (CGPS) and 31 survey-mode (SGPS) sites extending from the stable part of the Nubian plate to central Spain. We determine a robust velocity field for the W Mediterranean that we use to constrain models for the Iberia-Nubia plate boundary. South of the High Atlas Mountain system, GPS motions are consistent with Nubia plate motions from prior geodetic studies. We constrain shortening in the Atlas system to <1.5 mm/yr, 95% confidence level. North of the Atlas Mountains, the GPS velocities indicate Nubia motion with respect to Eurasia, but also a component of motion normal to the direction of Nubia-Eurasia motion, consisting of southward translation of the Rif Mountains in N Morocco at rates exceeding 5 mm/yr. This southward motion appears to be directly related to Miocene opening of the Alboran Sea. The Betic Mountain system north of the Alboran Sea is characterized by WNW motion with respect to Eurasia at ~1–2 mm/yr, paralleling Nubia-Eurasia relative motion. In addition, sites located in the Betics north of the southerly moving Rif Mountains also indicate a component of southerly motion with respect to Eurasia. We interpret this as indicating that deformation associated with Nubia-Eurasia plate motion extends into the southern Betics, but also that the Betic system may be affected by the same processes that are causing southward motion of the Rif Mountains south of the Alboran Sea. Kinematic modeling indicates that plate boundary geometries that include a boundary through the Straits of Gibraltar are most compatible with the component of motion in the direction of relative plate motion, but that two additional blocks (Alboran-Rif block, Betic Mountain block), independent of both Nubia and Eurasia are needed to account for the motions of the Rif and Betic Mountains normal to the direction of relative plate motion. We speculate that the southward motions of the Alboran-Rif and Betic blocks may be related to mantle flow, possibly induced by southward rollback of the subducted Nubian plate beneath the Alboran Sea and Rif Mountains. 相似文献
145.
P. Voinchet J. Despriée H. Tissoux C. Falguères J.-J. Bahain R. Gageonnet J. Dépont J.-M. Dolo 《Quaternary Geochronology》2010,5(2-3):381-384
Since 1970, many prehistoric sites have been discovered in the alluvial terraces of several rivers of the Middle Loire River basin (France). During the last decade, the stepped-terraces systems of three of the Loire tributaries, the Creuse, the Cher and the Loir Rivers, were the focus of multidisciplinary studies, involving Quaternary geology, prehistory and geochronology. The geochronological data now available for these systems were mainly obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) method applied to optically bleached fluvial quartz. These results provide a chronological framework for the evolution of fluvial systems and the human settlements of this area during Lower and Middle Pleistocene. Two phases of human settlement could be distinguished, around 1.1 Ma (Early Palaeolithic – Mode 1) and around 0.7 Ma ago (Acheulean – Mode II). 相似文献
146.
Laurentiu Danciu Karin Şeşetyan Mine Demircioglu Levent Gülen Mehdi Zare Roberto Basili Ata Elias Shota Adamia Nino Tsereteli Hilal Yalçın Murat Utkucu Muhammad Asif Khan Mohammad Sayab Khaled Hessami Andrea N. Rovida Massimiliano Stucchi Jean-Pierre Burg Arkady Karakhanian Hektor Babayan Mher Avanesyan Tahir Mammadli Mahmood Al-Qaryouti Doğan Kalafat Otar Varazanashvili Mustafa Erdik Domenico Giardini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3465-3496
147.
S. Akkar T. Azak T. Çan U. Çeken M. B. Demircioğlu Tümsa T. Y. Duman M. Erdik S. Ergintav F. T. Kadirioğlu D. Kalafat Ö. Kale R. F. Kartal K. Kekovalı T. Kılıç S. Özalp S. Altuncu Poyraz K. Şeşetyan S. Tekin A. Yakut M. T. Yılmaz M. S. Yücemen Ö. Zülfikar 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3197-3228
A review on the historical evolution of seismic hazard maps in Turkey is followed by summarizing the important aspects of the updated national probabilistic seismic hazard maps. Comparisons with the predecessor probabilistic seismic hazard maps as well as the implications on the national design codes conclude the paper. 相似文献
148.
Jacques Bourgois Yves Lagabrielle Hervé Martin Jérôme Dyment Jose Frutos Maria Eugenia Cisternas 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(10-11):3217-3246
149.
Luciano Sbriz Margarita R. Aquino Natividad M. Alberto de rodriguez Scott W. Fowler Jose L. Sericano 《Marine pollution bulletin》1998,36(12):971-979
Bivalves (Crassostrea rizhophorae, Isognomon alatus, Codakia orbicularis Linné, and Tellina fausta) and sediment samples collected from 12 locations along the Dominican Republic coastline were used to assess the degree of nearshore contamination by selected chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Concentrations of total chlordanes, DDTs and PCBs ranged from 0.51 to 7.47 ng/g, < MDL to 30.9 ng/g and 11.3 to 82.3 ng/g, and from < MDL to 1.73 ng/g, 0.21 to 12.5 ng/g and 0.46 to 41.9 ng/g in bivalves and surface sediments, respectively. The concentration ranges of predominantly anthropogenic Cu, Pb and Zn were 3.08–866 μg/g, 0.08–1.46 μg/g and 22.9–4380 μg/g in bivalve soft parts and 1.01–111 mg/g, 0.420–134 μg/g and 1.96–277 μg/g in surface sediments, respectively. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.290 to 7.02 μg/g and from 0.096 to 0.565 μg/g in both matrices. The relatively high Hg concentrations found in bivalves from two stations in Bahia Samana, near to a known source of past Hg contamination in the sediments, require a more in-depth survey of the area. In general the concentrations of selected chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace metals, compared with those reported for the same matrices in the Caribbean and west Atlantic coastal areas, show at present the existence of only very localized contamination problems in the Dominican Republic. 相似文献
150.
Uncertainty in hydrologic modelling for estimating hydrologic response due to climate change (Santiam River,Oregon) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper explores the predicted hydrologic responses associated with the compounded error of cascading global circulation model (GCM) uncertainty through hydrologic model uncertainty due to climate change. A coupled groundwater and surface water flow model (GSFLOW) was used within the differential evolution adaptive metropolis (DREAM) uncertainty approach and combined with eight GCMs to investigate uncertainties in hydrologic predictions for three subbasins of varying hydrogeology within the Santiam River basin in Oregon, USA. Predictions of future hydrology in the Santiam River include increases in runoff in the fall and winter months and decreases in runoff for the spring and summer months. One‐year peak flows were predicted to increase whereas 100‐year peak flows were predicted to slightly decrease. The predicted 10‐year 7‐day low flow decreased in two subbasins with little groundwater influences but increased in another subbasin with substantial groundwater influences. Uncertainty in GCMs represented the majority of uncertainty in the analysis, accounting for an average deviation from the median of 66%. The uncertainty associated with use of GSFLOW produced only an 8% increase in the overall uncertainty of predicted responses compared to GCM uncertainty. This analysis demonstrates the value and limitations of cascading uncertainty from GCM use through uncertainty in the hydrologic model, offers insight into the interpretation and use of uncertainty estimates in water resources analysis, and illustrates the need for a fully nonstationary approach with respect to calibrating hydrologic models and transferring parameters across basins and time for climate change analyses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献